The document discusses the complex concept of disability, encompassing impairments, activity limitations, and participation restrictions as defined by the World Health Organization. It introduces the International Classification of Impairments, Disabilities and Handicaps (ICIDH) framework, detailing its three dimensions: impairment, disability, and handicap, with a proposed update in 2010 to redefine 'handicap' as 'participation' to incorporate environmental factors. Definitions are provided for impairment, activity, and participation, highlighting their roles in individual functioning and societal engagement.

1. Different terms: Disabled,
Impaired and Handicapped
Children with special needs and the
teaching strategies
Nusrat Zerin

2. "Disability"
What is the meaning of
Disability?

3. The concept of disability is complex, and
there are historical, social, legal and
philosophical influences on its
interpretation.
The use of common terms and
definitions provides individuals with a
basis for a common understanding.

4. The World Health Organization (WHO) defines Disability
as follows:
"Disabilities is an umbrella term, covering impairments,
activity limitations, and participation restrictions.
An impairment is a problem in body function or structure;
an activity limitation is a difficulty encountered by an
individual in executing a task or action; while a
participation restriction is a problem experienced by an
individual in involvement in life situations.”
Thus disability is a complex phenomenon, reflecting an
interaction between features of a person’s body and
features of the society in which he or she lives.

5. 3 dimensions of disability are recognized in the
International Classification of Impairments,
Disabilities and Handicaps (ICIDH)
Definitions of the ICIDH 1980
The International Classification of Impairments, Disabilities
and Handicaps (ICIDH), provides a conceptual framework
for disability which is described in3 dimensions-impairment,
disability and handicap:
• Impairment: In the context of health experience an
impairment is any loss or abnormality of psychological,
physiological or anatomical structure or function.
Impairment is considered to occur at the level of organ
or system function. Disability is concerned with
functional performance or activity, affecting the whole
person.

6. • Disability:
In the context of health experience a disability is any
restriction or lack (resulting from an impairment) of
ability to perform an activity in the manner or within the
range considered normal for a human being.
• Handicap:
In the context of health experience a handicap is a
disadvantage for a given individual, resulting from an
impairment or a disability, that limits or prevents the
fulfillment of a role that is normal (depending on age,
sex, and social and cultural factors) for that individual.
The third dimension: 'handicap'-focuses on the person as
a social being & reflects interaction with & adaptation to
the person's surroundings.

7. A new version of the ICIDH is being drafted in 2010, to
embrace developments in the field since 1980 (1st
ICIDH).
A range of countries, were involved with the World
Health Organization, other organizations representing
people with a disability.
More specific recognition of the social construction of
3rd dimension of disability. It is being proposed that
this third dimension be renamed 'participation', and
that its definition recognize the critical role played by
environmental or contextual factors in restricting full
participation.

8. Definitions of the new draft ICIDH 2010
In the context of health condition:
• Impairment: is a loss or abnormality in body
structure or of a physiological or
psychological function.
• Activity: is the nature and extent of
functioning at the level of the person.
Activities may be limited in nature, duration
and quality.

9. • Participation: is the nature and extent of a person's
involvement in life situations in relationship to
impairments, activities, health conditions and
contextual factors.
Participation is considered within seven broad
domains: personal maintenance; mobility; exchange of
information; social relationships; education, work,
leisure and spirituality; economic life; and civic and
community life.

10. Context: includes the features, aspects, attributes
of, or objects, structures, human-made
organizations, service provision, and agencies in,
the physical, social and attitudinal environment in
which people live and conduct their lives.

11. Thanks