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Nationalism
This document defines and discusses various concepts related to nationalism. It begins by defining a nation as a cultural, political, and psychological community bound together by common language, religion, history and traditions. Nationalism is then defined as the political belief that nations should govern themselves independently. It goes on to discuss different types of nationalism like liberal nationalism, which supports national self-determination, versus expansionist nationalism, which is more exclusive and chauvinistic. Civic nationalism is defined as being inclusive and based on citizenship, while ethno-cultural nationalism is exclusive and based on descent. Conservative nationalism promotes social cohesion over liberal principles. Anticolonial nationalism emerged in opposition to Western imperialism.
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Nationalism
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- 2. What is Nation? Nations (from the Latin nasci, meaning ‘to be born’) are complex phenomena that are shaped by a collection of cultural, political and psychological factors Culturally - bound together by a common language, religion, history and traditions Politically – regard themselves as a natural political community Psychologically - distinguished by a shared loyalty or affection in the form patriotism
- 3. Key Words relatedto Nation Race Clan Tribe Religion Culture / Civilization RACE - a group or category of persons connected by common origin Character Tradition Group identity Territory
- 6. What is Nationalism A political doctrine , the belief that nations should be self - governing. Nationalism advocated the right of people who defined themselves as nations to establish their own independent states. National Self – determination (central theme) Nation-State Building (Goal) Independence
- 7. National Self-determination:The principle that the nation is s sovereign entity; self-determination implies both national independence and democratic rule. National character National identity National interest National security
- 10. Types of Nationalism Liberal Nationalism Conservative Nationalism Expansionist Nationalism Anticolonial Nationalism Cultural Nationalism Ethno-cultural Nationalism Civic Nationalism
- 11. Identity loss Integral Nationalism (positive and negative) Weak – Separation – Fear – Worry Security / Recognition / Dignity
- 12. Cultural Nationalism Aform of Nationalism Primarily emphasize on the regeneration of the nation as a distinctive civilization rather than as a discrete political community Political Nationalism – rational and principled Cultural Nationalism – mystical (based on a romantic belief in the nation as a unique, historical and organic whole, animated by its own spirit
- 13. Civic Nationalism VsEthno-cultural Nationalism Political Nation Cultural / Historical Nation inclusive Exclusive Unversalism Particularism Equal Nations Unique Nations Rational / Principled Mystical / Emotional National Sovervignty National ‘Spirit’ Voluntaristic Orgnaic Based on Citizenship Based on descent Civic Loyalty Ethnic allegiance Cultural diversity Cultural Unity
- 14. Liberal Nationalism Thecentral theme commitment to the Principle of National Self- determination Goal Construction of Nation-State
- 15. Liberal Nationalism VsExpansionist Nationalism National Self-determination National Chauvinism*** Inclusive Exclusive Voluntaristic Orgnaic Progressive Reactionary Rational / Principled Emotional / instinctive Human Rights National interest Equal Nations Hierarchy of nations Constitutionalism Authoritarianism Ethnic / Cultural Pluralism Ethnic / cultural purity Cosmopolitanism Imperialism / Militraism Collective Security Power Politics Supranationalism International anarchy
- 16. Jingoism –a mood of public enthusiasm and celebration provoked by military expansion of imperial conquest. Chauvinism – named after Nicolus Chauvin from France (aggression and militarism) 3 M Merchant Missionary Military
- 17. Conservative Nationalism Lessprincipled More with the promise of social cohesion and public order embodied in the sediment of national patriotism. Its distinctive character Inward looking Insular Margaret Thatcher , Reagan, Bush (Senior – Junior) US Nationalism
- 19. Colonialism Theory orpractice of establishing control over a foreign territory and turning it into a colony. Distinguished by Settlement and Economic domination. Neocolonialism Westernization , Americanization – dollar imperialism
- 20. Anticolonial Nationalism Asense of nationhood shaped by the desire for national liberation Revolt against Western Power and influence
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- 22. Based on Huntington’sthesis Other noteworthy papers 1. Political Order in Changing Societies 2. The Third Wave 3. Who Are We and immigration 4. The Soldier and The State American nationality Was the White House Coordinator of Security Planning Began teaching at Harvard University at age 23 Publicity date: Summer 1993
- 23. Civilization D I FF E R E N T B E T W E E N C I V I L I Z A T I O N & C U L T U R E The highest cultural grouping of people and the broadest level of cultural identity people have is a civilization. Thus, a civilization is a cultural entity.
- 24. 8 main civilizations Western Confucian Japanese Islamic Hindu Slavic Orthodox Latin American African
- 26. identity politics Challengesof Liberal democracy Victory of Nationalism ??? New form of Conflicts
- 27. Is nationalism friendor enemy to liberal democracy? How is nationalism defined and perceived by Myanmar People? Can nationalism support Myanmar’s democratization process? If yes, how? If not, why?