- Molecules move freely in gases and liquids which allows substances to diffuse and become evenly distributed.
- Diffusion is the movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to lower concentration and allows substances like oxygen to enter cells.
- While diffusion works for single-celled organisms and transporting oxygen in the human body, it is too slow for large organisms so systems like blood circulation evolved.
Part I
Explain the need for transport systems in multicellular plants
Describe the distribution of xylem and phloem tissue in roots, stems and leaves
Explain the absorption process in roots
Describe transport mechanisms
Part II
List factors that affects rate transpiration
Describe xerophyte properties
List the series of events that leads to translocation
Like Membrane, this is one of the shorter topics with less content to go through. More or less an extension of the mamal transport system, the gas exchange system should still be seen as an individual self-serving/ self-functioning system worthy of its own spotlight.
Part I
Explain the need for transport systems in multicellular plants
Describe the distribution of xylem and phloem tissue in roots, stems and leaves
Explain the absorption process in roots
Describe transport mechanisms
Part II
List factors that affects rate transpiration
Describe xerophyte properties
List the series of events that leads to translocation
Like Membrane, this is one of the shorter topics with less content to go through. More or less an extension of the mamal transport system, the gas exchange system should still be seen as an individual self-serving/ self-functioning system worthy of its own spotlight.
Diffusion - Definition, Examples, Types, and Factors Affecting It.pdfChloe Cheney
What is diffusion & what are factors that influence diffusion? Diffusion is everywhere around us. Learn more about it & its various types like passive diffusion
This is a little complicated presentation on Diffusion.I have made this to give ideas to students as to help them in making a new one.This is specially made for the students of 9th and 10th.You must see this and learn to make something new.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
2. All substances are made up of sub-microscopic
particles called molecules
In gases (like air) the molecules can move freely
In liquids (like water) the molecules can also move
In solids the molecules are more or less stationary
2
3. As a result of their random movements the
molecules become evenly distributed
(a) (b)
Representation of molecules in a gas
3
5. As a result of this random movement, the
molecules of a gas become evenly dispersed
This movement is called DIFFUSION
The scent of a hyacinth diffuses throughout
a room
The scent molecules diffuse from a region
where they are concentrated (the flower) to
regions where they are absent or in low
concentration
5
Diffusion
6. One of the ways substances enter and leave cells
is by diffusion
If a substance is more concentrated outside a cell
than inside, the molecules will tend to diffuse
into the cell
If a substance is more concentrated inside the
cell than outside, the molecules will tend to
diffuse out of the cell
6
7. A diffusion gradient
The molecules are more densely packed on
the left and so they tend to diffuse into the
space on the right. This is a diffusion gradient
Diffusion gradient
7
8. The scale of the following drawings is greatly
distorted.
Even if the cells were as large as they appear
on the screen, the molecules would still be
invisible particles
8
Scale
9. The concentration of
oxygen molecules is
greater outside the cell
than inside
So the oxygen molecules
diffuse into the cell
Diffusion of oxygen into a cell
9
10. Because the cell is using up oxygen, the
concentration of oxygen inside the cell is
always lower then the concentration
outside.
So oxygen continues to diffuse in
The diffusion gradient is maintained
10
11. If all kinds of substance could diffuse into a cell
there would be a danger that poisonous
substances could diffuse in and kill the cell
If all the substances in a cell could diffuse out
the cell would lose essential substances
(e.g. glucose) needed to keep the cell alive
In fact, although the cell membrane does allow
some substances (e.g. oxygen and carbon
dioxide) to diffuse freely, it controls the exit and
entry of nearly all other substances
11
12. For living processes it is effective only over
short distances
The distance from a cell membrane to the
centre of the cell may be 0.1mm or less
Diffusion is rapid enough to keep a cell
supplied with oxygen and food
12
Diffusion is slow
13. oxygen
carbon dioxide
maximum
distance
is 0.1 mm
In a single-celled organism (such as Amoeba) the
distance is so small that diffusion is rapid enough
for the cell’s needs
Single-celled organisms 13
14. Single-celled organisms are rarely more than
1mm in diameter
Bacteria range from 1 - 10 microns (1-10 µ )
( 1 µ is one thousandth of a millimetre)
Diffusion is rapid enough for such small
organisms
14
15. Inside the bodies of large animals, diffusion of
oxygen into their cells is rapid enough
For transport across the whole body, diffusion
would be much too slow
Large organisms have evolved transport
systems (e.g. blood circulatory systems)
that carry oxygen from outside the body to
the cells inside
15
16. CO2 diffuses
outO2 diffuses in
Section through
worm’s skin
the blood vessels
absorb the O2 and
carry it to the body
0.04mm
Earthworm
diffusion takes place through
the thin skin of the worm
16
17. Did you notice anything in particular about
the
earthworm’s ‘skin’ as seen in the section ?
Have another look.
How might this affect diffusion ?
17
Question
18. Humans obtain their oxygen by diffusion
But not through the skin
Although the skin is well supplied with blood
vessels, there are too many layers of cells for
diffusion to be fast enough
Humans have lungs and it is in these lungs
that diffusion occurs
18
19. position of lungs
in thorax
windpipe
lung
diaphragm
heart
human lungs
Human lungs 19
20. the air passages in the lung
branch into finer and finer tubes
each tube ends up in
a cluster of tiny air
sacs.
Lung Structure 20
21. blood supply to air sac
air breathed
in and out
diffusion of
oxygen
diffusion of
carbon dioxide O2
CO2
A single air sac 21
0.03 mm
question 4
22. In mammals, birds, reptiles and amphibia,
oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged by
diffusion in the lungs
In fish, this exchange of gases takes place by
diffusion through the gills
The oxygen dissolved in the water diffuses into
the blood vessels in the gills.
22
24. Diffusion takes place through the surface of the gills
Diffusion is a slow process
The branching gill filaments offer a big surface
area through which oxygen and carbon dioxide
can diffuse
In this way, the total diffusion through the gills is
greatly increased
The millions of air sacs in the lungs also vastly
increase the area through which the gases can
diffuse
24
25. Plants have no special organs for breathing
They have to rely on diffusion for their supplies
of oxygen and carbon dioxide
There are pores in the leaves and stems through
which the gases diffuse
In daylight, CO2 (for photosynthesis) will be
diffusing in and O2 will be diffusing out
In darkness, O2 will diffuse in and CO2 will diffuse
out as a result of respiration
25
Plants
26. Leaf
O2 and CO2 diffuse
into the spaces between cells
the ‘veins’
bring water
O2 and CO2
diffuse through
pores in the
epidermis
In a thin leaf, the
diffusion distance
is short
26
27. Question 1
Diffusion can normally take place in
(a) a liquid
(b) a solution
(c) a solid
(d) a gas
27
28. Question 2
A fish breathes
(a) water
(b) oxygen dissolved in water
(c) oxygen in the air
(d) carbon dioxide dissolved in water
28
29. Question 3
Diffusion takes place as a result of
(a) convection currents
(b) air movements
(c) natural movement of molecules
(d) changes in temperature
29
30. Question 4
What is the approximate diameter of
an air sac in the human lung ?
(a) 0.006 mm
(b) 0.06 mm
(c) 0.6 mm
(d) 6.0 mm
30
(Slide 21)
31. Question 5
In a plant leaf, CO2 diffuses (a) into the air space
between cells, (b) into the cytoplasm, (c) through
the cell wall, (d) through a pore in the epidermis.
The correct sequence is
(a) a,b,c,d
(b) c, b, d, a
(c) d, a, c, b
(d) d, c, a, b
31
32. Question 6
Which of these would you expect to diffuse
freely through a cell membrane ?
(a) carbon dioxide
(b) water
(c) proteins
(d) oxygen
32
33. Question 7
Through which of these layers would you expect
diffusion to be most rapid ?
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
33
34. Question 8
The cells inside an earthworm receive oxygen
via (a) diffusion into the blood vessels, (b) transport
by the blood, (c) diffusion out of the blood into the
cells, (d) diffusion through the epidermis.
Which of the following is the correct sequence?
(a) b, c, d, a
(b) a, b, c, d
(c) d, a, b, c
(d) d, b, a, c
34
37. single cell
The earthworm’s ‘skin’ is only one cell thick.
To reach a blood vessel, the oxygen has to diffuse
over a very short distance and so is rapid enough to
meet the earthworm’s needs.
The single cell layer is an epidermis rather than
a ‘skin’.
37
Editor's Notes
“Ah! Bisto” The ‘Bisto Kids’ featured on advertising for ‘Bisto’ gravy powder from the 1920s - 90s. After you have studied this presentation you may be able to decide whether this is a good example of diffusion.
In solutions (e.g sugar dissolved in water) the molecules of the dissolved substance can move.
In an area as large as a room, there will be air currents and convection currents which will play a greater part than diffusion
The bigger the difference in concentration, the greater will be the diffusion gradient.
The concentration of carbon dioxide is greater inside the cell than outside. Carbon dioxide molecules will diffuse out of the cell.
The oxygen is used in respiration. Carbon dioxide is produced by respiration. The concentration of carbon dioxide inside the cell increases, so carbon dioxide diffuses out of the cell.
Compared with its bulk, a cell like this has a huge surface area through which diffusion can occur
The lungs are not hollow, but spongy. They are made up of thousands of tiny air pockets
The windpipe (trachea) divides into two smaller passes (bronchi) which continue to divide repeatedly into smaller and smaller branches until they end up in tiny, thin-walled air pockets (air sacs)..
The air is carried to the air sacs by the breathing movements. Oxygen then diffuses across the air sac, though the single cell layer lining the air sac, and into the blood vessels.
Carbon dioxide diffuses in the opposite direction.
Water is taken in through the mouth, passed over the gills and expelled from the gill cover.
It is said that if all the air sacs were opened out and spread flat they would occupy an area the size of a football pitch.
The plant is respiring all the time, using up oxygen and producing carbon dioxide.
In daylight, photosynthesis will use up the carbon dioxide as fast as it is produced by respiration, so there will be no outward diffusion of carbon dioxide.
Similarly, the oxygen produced by photosynthesis is used up by respiration.
The leaf needs carbon dioxide for photosynthesis and oxygen for respiration.
These gases diffuse through pores in the leaf’s epidermis and enter the air spaces between cells. They then diffuse through the cell wall into the cytoplasm.