This document discusses advanced construction techniques and modern materials. It describes underwater construction methods like caissons and cofferdams. Trenchless technology techniques for installing pipes are also covered, including pipe jacking, auger boring, and microtunneling. Modern materials presented include fly ash bricks, translucent concrete, liquid granite, carbon nanotubes, and solar panel roofing tiles. The document concludes that these advanced techniques and innovative materials can improve properties, recycling, and make construction more efficient.

1. ADVANCED CONSTRUCTION
EQUIPMENTS AND TECHNIQUES
PRESENTED BY,
D.SELVAGANESH,
3rd YEAR,DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL,
FATIMA MICHAEL COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY,
MADURAI – 20.
&
G.MATHAN KUMAR,
3rd YEAR,DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL,
KAMARAJAR COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY,
VIRUDUNAGAR.

2. CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION
UNDER WATER CONSTRUCTION
AND ITS CLASSIFICATIONS
METHODS OF PLACING THE
CONCRETE AND ITS TYPES
TRENCHLESS TECHNOLOGYAND
ITS USES
MODERN CONSTRUCTION
MATERIALS AND ITS
APPLICATIONS
CONCLUSION

3. INTRODUCTION
 Now a days the construction technology and
equipments becomes very advanced.
 The advanced construction techniques such as
under water construction , trenchless technology
and many new innovative materials used in
advanced construction techniques and
equipments to speed up the construction of any
building works.
 So that we will discuss about few techniques
and materials used in that.

4. UNDER WATER CONSTRUCTION

5. UNDER WATER CONSTRUCTION
During the construction of bridges, dams or
any other structure where foundation part of
the structure is mostly like to lie underwater,
we have to opt for underwater construction.
 Construction in water poses many
difficulties especially in the places where
there the depth is considerable
 During underwater construction our main
objective is to create a dry and water free
environment for working in such a manner
that the structural stability of the structure is
not compromised.

6. CLASSIFICATIONS OF UNDER
WATER CONSTRUCTION
UNDER WATER CONSTRUCTION
 CONSTRUCTION TECHNIQUES
METHODS OF PLACING OF CONCRETE
UNDERWATER CONSTRUCTION TECHNIQUES
CAISSONS
COFFERDAMS
METHODS OF PLACING OF CONCRETE
TREMIE METHOD
PUMP METHOD
TOGGLE BAGS
BAG WORKS

7. CAISSONS
Caissons are the structure used in underwater construction
work, consisting of an air tight chamber, open at the bottom
and containing air under sufficient pressure to exclude the
water.

8. TYPES OF CAISSONS
 BOX CAISSON
OPEN CAISSON
PNEUMETIC
CAISSON

9. BOX CAISSON

10. OPEN CAISSON

12. COFFERDAMS
A cofferdam is a type of watertight construction designed
to facilitate construction projects in areas that are
normally submerged, such as bridges and piers.

13. TYPES OF COFFERDAM
 Cantilever sheet piles
 Braced cofferdam
 Double wall cofferdam
 Cellular cofferdam
 Earth embankment
 Rock fill cofferdam

14. CANTILEVER SHEET PILES

15. BRACED COFFERDAM

16. DOUBLE WALL COFFERDAM

17. CELLULAR COFFERDAM

18. EARTH EMBANKMENT

19. ROCKFILL COFFERDAM

20. METHODS OF PLACING OF
CONCRETE
TREMIE METHOD
TOGGLE BAGS
PUMP METHOD
BAG WORKS

21. TREMIE METHOD

22. PUMP METHOD

23. TOGGLE BAGS BAG WORK
Toggle bags are ideal
for small amount of
concrete placements.
The bag is filled in
the dry with wet
concrete.
Used for repair work.
The concrete is
squeezed out by a
driver.
Bags are made
of open weave
material.
Diver -handled
bags are usually of
10 – 20 litters
capacity but 1
cub.m bags can be
placed using a
crane.

24. TRENCHLESS TECHNOLOGY
 Trenchless technology methods include all methods of
installing or renewing underground utility systems with
minimum disruption of the surface or subsurface.
 Trenchless technology consist of various methods,
materials and equipment for inspection ,utilization and
rehabilitation .
 Trenchless technology has become popular for
underground utility construction road crossings.
 In recent years, there has been remarkable progress in
development of new trenchless technology equipment
and methods.

25. OBJECTIVE OF TRENCHLESS
TECHNOLOGY
Cost-effectiveness
Ease of Design
Production rates
Extends underground assets
Benefits environment

26. SITE INVESTIGATION
Common problems at site are,
• Loss of invert walls, ceiling due to corrosion
• Leaking joints
• Settlement
• Shape deformation
• In adequate flow capacity
• Voids in embankment around and above the culvert
Hence before take the trenchless excavation work the
site investigation must be made.

27. TRENCHLESS TECHNIQUES
INPIPES

28. TECHNIQUES IN LAYING OF
PIPES
PIPE JACKING
The term pipe jacking can be used to describe a specific installation
technique as well as a process applicable to other trenchless technology

29. AUGER BORING
 If there are longer borings to be carried out or if the drilling precision
has to be higher the borings are carried out as guided auger borings.

30. MICRO TUNNELING
Pipes are jacked from a launch pit to a reception pit by means
of a hydraulic jacking station in the launch pit

31. UTILITY TUNNELING
The Procedure consists of four major steps
• soil excavation.
• Soil removal.
• Segmental liner installations
• Line and grade control.

32. PIPE RAMMING
Pipe ramming involves the use of the dynamic force and energy
transmitted by a percussion hammer attached to the end of a pipe.

33. ADVANTAGES OF TRENCHLESS
TECHNOLOGY
 Expenses and dates are much easier to calculate.
 Surface life stays mainly undisturbed.
 Up to 95 percent lesser load for landfills due to
minimal excavations.
 Small stress for streets and traffic.
 Minimization of CO2 emissions

34. INTRODUCTION TO MODERN
CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS
 Now –a- days many new innovative
materials are being invented and many
new materials are being in research.
 New innovative thinking and new
invention is necessary to save our
valuable time and energy.
 Some of the innovative materials are
listed below.

35. MODERN CONSTRUCTION
MATERIALS
 Fly ash bricks.
 Translucent concrete.
 Sensi tiles.
 Liquid granite.
 Carbon Nano-tubes.
 Unfired clay bricks.
 Bendable concrete.
 Richlite.
 Radient barriers.
 Transparent aluminium.
 Carbon fiber.
 Solar pannel roofing tiles.
These are the several materials used in
advanced construction techniques and
equipments such as

36. FLY ASH BRICKS
Fly ash bricks are building materials
containing class c fly ash.
In India, the fly ash was first used in rihad dam
which is located at Pipri sonbhadra district in
uttar Pradesh.
The composition of fly ash bricks are fly ash,
lime, gypsum, sand, cement.
These bricks are environment friendly and
they can be manufactured at construction site
itself.

37. FLY ASH BRICKS

38. TRANSLUCENT CONCRETE
They have been developed by Hungarian architect
ARON LOSONCZI.
It is mostly same as the regular concrete, visually
appealing by mixing concrete with optical glass
fibers and thus the result was light transmitting
concrete.
The glass fiber in the concrete act like a slit and
carry the light across and the light carried
maintains its original color.
It carries the same amount of light through it, no
matter how thick it is.

39. TRANSLUCENT CONCRETE

40. SENSI TILE
If you walk across your kitchen the floor to get
something from the refrigerator, the floor
twinkles with light path that guides your way
through the dark room.
The concrete of the tile is embedded with
acrylic fiber optic channels that transfer the
light from one point to another.
As shadow move across terrazzo’s surface ,
the light channels flicker with a randomized.

41. SENSI TILES

42. LIQUID GRANITE
 The material is light weighted and has the
same load bearing capacity of cement but it
is made of recycled materials.
 Liquid granite is not only a fire- resistant
beyond 1,100 degrees celsius, it can also
withstand high temperature for longer
periods .
 So, It has moisture resisting properties also.

43. LIQUID GRANITE

44. CARBON NANO-TUBES
• Heralded as one of the “Top ten
advances in materials science”
over the last 50 years, Materials
Today, 2016.
• Sales of carbon nano-tubes
projected to
exceed $2B, >103 metric tons
annually in the next 4 - 7 years.
• Major use – electronics and
composites.

45. UNFIRED CLAY BRICKS
 Unfired clay bricks are made up of earthy
materials and are air-dried instead of fired
like conventional bricks.
 It is eco- friendly and with additional
construction properties.
 It have the benefit of reducing the energy
used in manufacturing and increases
strength and decreases shrinkage.

46. UNFIRED CLAY BRICKS

47. BENDABLE CONCRETE
 A new type of fiber reinforced bendable
concrete is used in various places.
 This new concrete is around 500 times
more resistant to cracking than regular.
 The fibers slide within the concrete when
bending occurs, providing with it is
enough ton prevent breakage.

48. BENDABLE CONCRETE

49. RICHLITE
 It is a dense material made from
partially recycled paper and phenolic
resin.
 The 70 percentage of the material is
made with recycled paper.
 It has high strength and has resistance
to high temperature upto 350 F.

51. RADIENT BARRIERS
 It can be applied
anywhere in attic
space of house.
 It keeps heat out in
summer and warm in
during winter.
 It is usually made up
of aluminum.
 Radient barriers are
widely used in many
areas.

52. TRANSPARENT ALUMINIUM
 It is extremely durable material with excellent
optical transparency.
 To be used for windows, domes, plates, rods and
tubes with a wide range of sizes and varieties.
 It has excellent clarity.
 Outstanding strength and hardness.
 Cost effective advanced material solution.
 It is used in aerospace, security, defence,and
energy and consumer products.

53. TRANSPARENT ALUMINIUM

54. SOLAR PANNEL ROOFING TILES
 It transforms the solar
energy into usable
electricity which is
required for our homes.
 Receives rebate from
the government for
installing them.
 Solar panel roofing
tiles are play an
important role in our
field or profession.

55. CARBON FIBRE
 Carbon fiber is made up
of carbon strands that are
thinner than human hair.
The strands can be
woven together, like
cloth, and then that can
be moulded to any shape
you might want.
 Carbon fiber is
extremely strong, light
weighted material.
 It is five times strong as
steel, two times as stiff
and weight is about two-
thirds less.

56. APPLICATIONS OF MODERN
MATERIALS
 Several modern construction materials have
more strength, hardness, toughness and
durability.
 For example, fly ash bricks have these
characters when compared with normal
bricks.
 From the above discussions the modern
materials are mostly used in all over the
world .
 We can make our nation as Hi-tech using
these innovative materials.

57. CONCLUSION
 Hence the following techniques such as under
water construction and trenchless technology or
like that are very use full in today's life
 These new emerging building materials should be
replaced with the old ones to improve the
properties of materials and helps in recycling of
the materials to save energy, time, money and
make our country as pollution free.
 So more innovative materials should be created
and make construction of the building simpler
with more strength.