Long term spinal cord injury (SCI) and diabetes? Some research suggests the two go hand in hand with as
many as 20 percent of spinal cord injured people having adult-onset diabetes. If you have an SCI, what should
you know about diabetes?
The rate in which the prevalence of diabetes is increasing is terrifying. Since 1980 the number of people with diabetes has increased four-fold to 422 million.
And this does not even account for those who have not met the threshold for a diabetes diagnosis but still have high blood glucose. The WHO reports that 2 million people lose their lives because of their high blood sugar level.
Diabetes support site diabetes and elderly people presentationMaureen Coughlan
Of course, seniors (those over 65) are not the only people to be affected by diabetes: type 1 diabetes (previously known as insulin-dependent diabetes or juvenile-onset diabetes) is usually diagnosed during childhood, while type 2 diabetes (previously known as non-insulin dependent diabetes or adult-onset diabetes), the most common type, is usually diagnosed in adults over the age of 45, although a growing number of young people are developing type 2 diabetes. Gestational diabetes is a type of diabetes that occurs only during pregnancy.
Type 2 diabetes is linked to an unhealthy lifestyle. Major risk factors for type 2 diabetes include age, being overweight, genetic predisposition to diabetes, and a reduction in activity levels. The rates of type 2 diabetes steadily increase with age.
A case of a Young boy of 15 years with JUVENILE DIABETES treated by Homeopathy - Speciality Homeopathic Clinic
JUVENILE DIABETES, homeopathic consultation, homeopathy, homeopathic treatment of DIABETES, homoeopathy DIABETES, Specility Homeopathic Clinic, JUVENILE DIABETES, Homeopathy for DIABETES, diabetes, Blood sugar
Visit http://www.specialityclinic.com/ for online homeopathic treatment
If you have diabetes, your body isn’t able to properly process and use glucose from the food you eat. There are different types of diabetes, each with different causes, but they all share the common problem of having too much glucose in your bloodstream. Treatments include medications and/or insulins. Some types of diabetes can be prevented by adopting a healthy lifestyle.
I constructed this PowerPoint in my Communication Studies course. The assignement was to create give a persuasive speech with a visual aid. I aimed to persuade individuals to join the JDRF Walk to cure Diabetes!
Generally speaking, diabetes is a disorder involving the
metabolism of a person.
This is a guide which illustrate almost everything about Diabetes
PDF Source - http://www.sastasundar.com/
Diabetes support site children with diabetes presentationMaureen Coughlan
Type 1 diabetes is the most common form of the condition among children and adolescents. A 2009 report from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) revealed that type 1 diabetes prevalence stands at 1.93 in every 1,000 children and adolescents, while type 2 diabetes affects 0.24 in every 1,000.
Since the 1980s, the number of children being diagnosed with type 1 diabetes has gradually crept up at a rate of about 3 to 5 percent per year. That may not sound like much, but it’s startling when you consider that twice as many children are diagnosed with type 1 diabetes today than were diagnosed 20 to 25 years ago. Although the condition can develop at any age, we’re seeing it at younger ages than ever before and more toddlers and preschoolers are being diagnosed.
Prediabetes and Diabetes: Are you at risk?Summit Health
Learn how the four healthy pillars of managing diet, exercise, sleep habits, and stress can significantly reduce your chance of developing prediabetes or progressing from prediabetes to diabetes.
Diabetes Mellitus is a chronic disease that affects how your body turns food into energy. when someone is diabetic the body doesn’t or can’t use the Insulin it makes as well as it should. When there isn’t enough insulin or cells stop responding to insulin, too much blood sugar stays in the bloodstream.
-Diabetes in India is chronic disease that takes place when the pancreas doesn’t produce enough insulin or when the body is unable to react to the insulin produced by the pancreas. Hypereglycemia, or increased blood sugar level, is a symptom caused by uncontrolled sugar levels in the blood which over time leads to many serious damages to body functioning, especially the nerves and blood vessel.
-2 Types of Diabetes India
Prediabetes India
It is a serious health condition where sugar levels in the blood are higher than normal, but not high enough to be diagnosed as type 2 diabetes.
If you have prediabetes, the cells in your body don’t respond to insulin and the pancreas makes more insulin to try to get cells to respond properly. Eventually, the pancreas can’t keep up, and blood sugar rises which is setting the stage for prediabetics and also building a path for type 2 diabetes
Types 2 Diabetes India
This type of diabetes is formerly known as the non-insulin dependent type of diabetes which is caused when the body is poorly managing body’s insulin. The pancreas has three different types of cells namely alpha cells, beta cells and gamma cells. These cells are collectively known as islets of langerhans . When there is malfunctioning of beta cells , insulin is not properly secreted in the blood. since alpha cells are responsible for maintainence of glucose level in blood, the blood glucose level increases due to malfunctioning of beta cells . This increase of blood glucose level is termed as Diabetes Mellitus Type-2.
#Causes: -
Excess body weight
Physical inactivity
Excess fast-food intake
Lethargy
Sedentary Lifestyle
obesity
Family History
Genetic
Pancreatic disorders
Race and Ethnicity
Blood Lipid Levels
Age
Pre-diabetics
In-appropriate fat distribution
-Symptoms
May be similar to those of type 1 diabetes but they are mostly less marked, which causes the disease to be diagnosed in a long time, after which complications have already
Polydipsia
Polyphasia
Polyuria
Neuropathy
Nephropathy
Retinopathy
Weight loss
Fatigue
-Type 1 Diabetes India
Type 1 diabetes is formerly known as an insulin-dependent type of diabetes. This type of diabetes is characterized by a lack of production of insulin in the body and it requires daily injections of insulin
Causes
Nonactive lifestyle
Family member with diabetes history
Injury to or removal of the pancreas
Sedentary lifestyle
Symptoms
Excessive thirst
Increased urination
Unexplained weight loss
Headache
Dehydration
Irritability
Mood swings
Increased appetite
Fatigue
Miscarriage and menstrual cycle disruption (in adults)
Yeast infections
Sometimes wake up in the middle of the night to urinate
*
#GESTATIONAL DIABETES India
Gestational diabetes happens when the body can’t make enough insulin during pregnancy. During pregnancy, the women’s body makes more hormones and goes through many other changes such as gaining weight, due to which body cells use insulin less effectively, this condition is called insulin resistance
The rate in which the prevalence of diabetes is increasing is terrifying. Since 1980 the number of people with diabetes has increased four-fold to 422 million.
And this does not even account for those who have not met the threshold for a diabetes diagnosis but still have high blood glucose. The WHO reports that 2 million people lose their lives because of their high blood sugar level.
Diabetes support site diabetes and elderly people presentationMaureen Coughlan
Of course, seniors (those over 65) are not the only people to be affected by diabetes: type 1 diabetes (previously known as insulin-dependent diabetes or juvenile-onset diabetes) is usually diagnosed during childhood, while type 2 diabetes (previously known as non-insulin dependent diabetes or adult-onset diabetes), the most common type, is usually diagnosed in adults over the age of 45, although a growing number of young people are developing type 2 diabetes. Gestational diabetes is a type of diabetes that occurs only during pregnancy.
Type 2 diabetes is linked to an unhealthy lifestyle. Major risk factors for type 2 diabetes include age, being overweight, genetic predisposition to diabetes, and a reduction in activity levels. The rates of type 2 diabetes steadily increase with age.
A case of a Young boy of 15 years with JUVENILE DIABETES treated by Homeopathy - Speciality Homeopathic Clinic
JUVENILE DIABETES, homeopathic consultation, homeopathy, homeopathic treatment of DIABETES, homoeopathy DIABETES, Specility Homeopathic Clinic, JUVENILE DIABETES, Homeopathy for DIABETES, diabetes, Blood sugar
Visit http://www.specialityclinic.com/ for online homeopathic treatment
If you have diabetes, your body isn’t able to properly process and use glucose from the food you eat. There are different types of diabetes, each with different causes, but they all share the common problem of having too much glucose in your bloodstream. Treatments include medications and/or insulins. Some types of diabetes can be prevented by adopting a healthy lifestyle.
I constructed this PowerPoint in my Communication Studies course. The assignement was to create give a persuasive speech with a visual aid. I aimed to persuade individuals to join the JDRF Walk to cure Diabetes!
Generally speaking, diabetes is a disorder involving the
metabolism of a person.
This is a guide which illustrate almost everything about Diabetes
PDF Source - http://www.sastasundar.com/
Diabetes support site children with diabetes presentationMaureen Coughlan
Type 1 diabetes is the most common form of the condition among children and adolescents. A 2009 report from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) revealed that type 1 diabetes prevalence stands at 1.93 in every 1,000 children and adolescents, while type 2 diabetes affects 0.24 in every 1,000.
Since the 1980s, the number of children being diagnosed with type 1 diabetes has gradually crept up at a rate of about 3 to 5 percent per year. That may not sound like much, but it’s startling when you consider that twice as many children are diagnosed with type 1 diabetes today than were diagnosed 20 to 25 years ago. Although the condition can develop at any age, we’re seeing it at younger ages than ever before and more toddlers and preschoolers are being diagnosed.
Prediabetes and Diabetes: Are you at risk?Summit Health
Learn how the four healthy pillars of managing diet, exercise, sleep habits, and stress can significantly reduce your chance of developing prediabetes or progressing from prediabetes to diabetes.
Diabetes Mellitus is a chronic disease that affects how your body turns food into energy. when someone is diabetic the body doesn’t or can’t use the Insulin it makes as well as it should. When there isn’t enough insulin or cells stop responding to insulin, too much blood sugar stays in the bloodstream.
-Diabetes in India is chronic disease that takes place when the pancreas doesn’t produce enough insulin or when the body is unable to react to the insulin produced by the pancreas. Hypereglycemia, or increased blood sugar level, is a symptom caused by uncontrolled sugar levels in the blood which over time leads to many serious damages to body functioning, especially the nerves and blood vessel.
-2 Types of Diabetes India
Prediabetes India
It is a serious health condition where sugar levels in the blood are higher than normal, but not high enough to be diagnosed as type 2 diabetes.
If you have prediabetes, the cells in your body don’t respond to insulin and the pancreas makes more insulin to try to get cells to respond properly. Eventually, the pancreas can’t keep up, and blood sugar rises which is setting the stage for prediabetics and also building a path for type 2 diabetes
Types 2 Diabetes India
This type of diabetes is formerly known as the non-insulin dependent type of diabetes which is caused when the body is poorly managing body’s insulin. The pancreas has three different types of cells namely alpha cells, beta cells and gamma cells. These cells are collectively known as islets of langerhans . When there is malfunctioning of beta cells , insulin is not properly secreted in the blood. since alpha cells are responsible for maintainence of glucose level in blood, the blood glucose level increases due to malfunctioning of beta cells . This increase of blood glucose level is termed as Diabetes Mellitus Type-2.
#Causes: -
Excess body weight
Physical inactivity
Excess fast-food intake
Lethargy
Sedentary Lifestyle
obesity
Family History
Genetic
Pancreatic disorders
Race and Ethnicity
Blood Lipid Levels
Age
Pre-diabetics
In-appropriate fat distribution
-Symptoms
May be similar to those of type 1 diabetes but they are mostly less marked, which causes the disease to be diagnosed in a long time, after which complications have already
Polydipsia
Polyphasia
Polyuria
Neuropathy
Nephropathy
Retinopathy
Weight loss
Fatigue
-Type 1 Diabetes India
Type 1 diabetes is formerly known as an insulin-dependent type of diabetes. This type of diabetes is characterized by a lack of production of insulin in the body and it requires daily injections of insulin
Causes
Nonactive lifestyle
Family member with diabetes history
Injury to or removal of the pancreas
Sedentary lifestyle
Symptoms
Excessive thirst
Increased urination
Unexplained weight loss
Headache
Dehydration
Irritability
Mood swings
Increased appetite
Fatigue
Miscarriage and menstrual cycle disruption (in adults)
Yeast infections
Sometimes wake up in the middle of the night to urinate
*
#GESTATIONAL DIABETES India
Gestational diabetes happens when the body can’t make enough insulin during pregnancy. During pregnancy, the women’s body makes more hormones and goes through many other changes such as gaining weight, due to which body cells use insulin less effectively, this condition is called insulin resistance
Liberty Medical
Diabetes can be a scary topic. What is it, how do you get it, what can you do? Liberty is here for you and to help answer your questions. You can be at risk from a number of things. Know the facts to help out your health.
Diabetes refers to a group of diseases that affect how the body consumes blood sugar (glucose). Glucose is an important source of energy for the cells that make up muscles and tissues. It is also the main source of energy for the brain.
We provide health information that seeks out to notify, educate, discuss, guide you regarding diabetes and connect you to the people online. For more details you can visit at http://www.fightdiabetes.com.
Diabetes is a chronic, metabolic disease characterized by elevated levels of blood glucose (or blood sugar), which leads over time to serious damage to the heart, blood vessels, eyes, kidneys and nerves.
Diabetes is a chronic, metabolic disease characterized by elevated levels of blood glucose (or blood sugar), which leads over time to serious damage to the heart, blood vessels, eyes, kidneys and nerves.
There are 3 types of diabetes
1. Type 1 diabetes
2. Type 2 diabetes
3. Gestational diabetes
Worldwide status
The number of people with diabetes rose from 108 million in 1980 to 422 million in 2014. Prevalence has been rising more rapidly in low- and middle-income countries than in high-income countries.
Asia accounts for 60% of the world’s diabetic population.
Diabetes is a major cause of blindness, kidney failure, heart attacks, stroke and lower limb amputation.
People from South Asian communities are up to 6 times more likely to have diabetes than the general population and 2011 data reveals that almost 1/5th of the world’s population resides in South Asia.
2011 estimates indicate that 8.3% of the adult population, or 71.4 million people have diabetes, 61.3 million of whom are in India.
SEA region has the second highest number of deaths attributable to diabetes with 1.16 million deaths in 2011 with represents 14.5% if all deaths for the region and 55% if these death occur in people under the age of 60.
Burden of diabetes in Nepal
According to Nepal Diabetes Association, the prevalence of diabetes in the people 20 years and above in urban areas is 14.6% and in rural areas is 2.5%
In 2017, over 10, 000 individuals died due to T2DM or diabetes-related complications in Nepal, which is the 11th most common cause of disability in terms of disability-adjusted life years.
In 2020, the prevalence of T2DM in Nepal was 8.5% which was higher than that of 8.4% in 2014. Similarly, in 2020 the prevalence of pre-diabetes was 9.2% compared to 2014, which was 10.3%
Symptoms of diabetes
Polyuria
Polydipsia
Polyphagia
Weight loss
Vision change
Fatigue
Essay on Diabetes in the UK
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Baby ganesha sitting on the lap of lord shiva and mother parvathi vintage baz...Dokka Srinivasu
These are 2 different Baby Ganesha sitting on the Lap of Lord Shiva and Mother Parvathi vintage bazaar post cards of 19th Century in my collection.
I am sharing these in my Heritage of India blog.
http://indian-heritage-and-culture.blogspot.in/2015/09/baby-ganesha-sitting-on-lap-of-lord.html
Every person want to fulfill something in his or her life. But success is coming to those people who are moving forward to implement some action instead of just thinking. Success is coming to those who think properly with proper and dedicated planning.
Every person has infinite potential within him/her. These 18 principles are useful as how a person use his infinite potential to succeed in life.
I prepared this power point presentation and i hope many people will benefited with this presentation to succeed in their Goals and Life. All the best to the readers those who study and implement these principles.
Maithreem Bhajatha song by smt. m.s. subbulakshmi at united nationsDokka Srinivasu
Maithree Bhajatha Song by Srimati M.S. Subbulakshmi at United Nations
http://srimati-ms-subbulakshmi.blogspot.in/2012/04/maithree-bhajatha-song-by-srimati-ms.html
Lord shiva with young ganesh mythological post cardDokka Srinivasu
This is my mythological post card. i share this in my heritage of india blog.
http://indian-heritage-and-culture.blogspot.in/2012/04/lord-shiva-with-young-ganesha.html
Heritage of India, Taj Mahal Post Card
I shared this in my heritage of India blog.
http://indian-heritage-and-culture.blogspot.in/2012/04/taj-mahal-post-card.html
Factory Supply Best Quality Pmk Oil CAS 28578–16–7 PMK Powder in Stockrebeccabio
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Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
MANAGEMENT OF ATRIOVENTRICULAR CONDUCTION BLOCK.pdfJim Jacob Roy
Cardiac conduction defects can occur due to various causes.
Atrioventricular conduction blocks ( AV blocks ) are classified into 3 types.
This document describes the acute management of AV block.
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
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Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
1. Diabetes and SCI 2007
Long term spinal cord injury (SCI) and diabetes? Some research suggests the two go hand in hand with as
many as 20 percent of spinal cord injured people having adult-onset diabetes. If you have an SCI, what should
you know about diabetes?
iabetes is a chronic disease in which the body does
not make enough insulin – a hormone from the pan-
creas – or, does not use the body’s insulin correctly.
As a result, glucose, or blood sugar, that is normally
carried to cells throughout your body to be used as fuel, builds
up in the bloodstream instead, and can even spill into the
urine. This extra glucose can damage organs such as the heart,
eyes, kidneys, nerves and blood vessels.
Two Main Types of Diabetes:
Type 1:
●Starts during childhood or young adulthood
●Accounts for only five percent of cases
●Requires daily insulin injections
Type 2:
●Usually occurs in adults over the
age of 40
●Accounts for 95 percent of cases
●Usually controlled through a combination of
diet, exercise, oral medications, and insulin
(American Diabetes Association {ADA}, 2007)
2. Are You At Risk?
It’s estimated that of the 20 million people in the
United States that have diabetes, 6 million of
these individuals (almost one-third) don’t know they
have it! (ADA, 2007). Symptoms of diabetes can be
hard to spot because some of them can be confused
for other illnesses or conditions. Common symptoms
include: dehydration, excessive urination, extreme
thirst, increased appetite and weight change. For people with
SCI however, recognizing these symptoms can be difficult
because your SCI may hide these symptoms. For example,
using a catheter may make it difficult to identify “excessive
urination” and some of the other symptoms could be a side
effect of certain medications you’re using.
It’s very important to understand that after your injury your
body may quickly lose muscle while gaining fat, especially if
you’re not physically active. This is enough to change your
metabolism and the way your body is able to use insulin.
This change in your body can put you at greater risk for de-
veloping diabetes than before your injury. Since recognizing
symptoms early makes a big difference, you should speak to
your doctor about your personal risk.
Risk Factors
Have more questions about risk? By far the most important risk factor is age. Two to 16 per-
cent of people over the age of 40 have diabetes (ADA, 2007)!
Take the online risk test at:
The older you get, the greater your chances of developing dia-
http://www.diabetes.org/risk-test.jsp betes. Some researchers and clinicians—and more than a few
survivors—feel that people with SCI age faster than non-
disabled people. If aging does speed up after SCI, then diabe-
tes may make its appearance sooner.
Other Factors:
Family history of the disease
Being overweight or obese
Inactivity or not enough exercise
Ethnicity– diabetes is more common in African Ameri-
cans, Latinos, and Asian Americans
Gender– believe it or not, diabetes is more prevalent
among women than men
Age– if you are over the age of 45 it’s a good idea to
screen for diabetes as the risks increase with age
Pre-diabetes– a condition that usually leads to the devel-
opment of diabetes within 10 years
2
3. Pre-Diabetes, Obesity, and Diabetes— Make the
Connection
Pre-diabetes shows no symptoms. Pre-diabetes is a condition
where blood glucose levels are higher than normal, but not
high enough to be diabetes. There are two tests performed to
see if you have this condition: the fasting plasma glucose test
(FPG) and the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT).
During the FPG blood test your blood glucose level is meas-
ured after you have fasted for 8 hours. This test will show if
you metabolize glucose correctly.
With the OGTT, your blood glucose is measured after a fast
and then again 2 hours after drinking a beverage with a large
amount of glucose.
Being overweight or obese is directly linked to pre-diabetes.
For people with SCI this is especially important. About 60
Do you have pre-diabetes? Find percent of people with SCI are overweight or obese
out more by visiting: (University of Michigan Health System, 2007). People with
http://www.diabetes.org/pre- SCI burn calories at a slow rate and lose muscle mass. This
not only could lead to diabetes, but to other secondary condi-
diabetes/pre-diabetes-
tions like high cholesterol, coronary artery disease, and car-
symptoms.jsp diovascular disease.
What You Can Do
Persons with pre-diabetes should follow the same rec-
ommendations as those for persons already diag-
nosed with diabetes. Through weight loss and
physical activity, you can delay having diabetes
and even bring your blood glucose levels back to nor-
mal. Talk to your doctor about other possible ways to
lower your risk.
Don’t do crash diets! Instead make simple changes in your
eating habits.
Set a realistic weight-loss goal, such as losing 1 pound a
week.
Aim for at least 30 minutes a day of physical activity.
3
4. U.S. POPULATION DIABETES STATS Diagnosis and Treatment:
Diagnosis begins with a routine urine test. High levels of glu-
cose in the urine, or on either the FPG or OGTT tests, are the
Pre-diabetes 54 million usual signs. People diagnosed with pre-diabetes often develop
diabetes within 10 years. With the right changes in diet and
exercise, someone with pre-diabetes can delay or even prevent
Have diabetes 20.8 million
diabetes. Therefore, monitoring for pre-diabetes and taking
preventive measures when it does appear is very important.
Undiagnosed 6.2 million
The goal of treatment is keeping glucose levels as close to
normal as possible. Treatment is different for everyone. It’s
(ADA, 2007; CDC, 2007)
important to get educated about your condition. Your doctor
will help you pick the best treatment plan, but you will be re-
sponsible for maintaining your health. There are several
things that you can do to maintain your health, prevent diabe-
tes, or manage it once you’ve been diagnosed.
Diet:
Diet is important in the treatment of diabetes. Knowing what
For tips on healthy eating visit to eat can be confusing so here are some general guidelines:
the ADA’s virtual grocery store Have regular eating times; don’t skip meals!
online: Keep healthy snacks handy to avoid hunger and high glu-
http://vgs.diabetes.org/homepage.jsp cose levels.
Limit sweets and desserts; it’s okay to cheat once in a
while!
Stay away from saturated fats.
Limit alcohol consumption.
Choose water over diet or other calorie-free drinks
(artificial sweeteners can often act like real sugar on glu-
cose levels).
Choose foods high in fiber (some studies suggest high fi-
ber diets help decrease glucose levels).
Studies have shown that 30
minutes a day of moderate Exercise and Stress:
physical activity, combined with Exercise and physical activity help, but with a SCI this can be
a 5-10 percent loss in body difficult. Work with your doctor or healthcare team to create a
weight, lowered the chance of physical activity plan right for you. A routine exercise plan
developing diabetes by 58% can help you get rid of stress, which can aggravate diabetes.
(ADA, 2007). Aside from exercise, you should find other ways to unwind,
relax, and get rid of stress.
4
5. Get Your Zzzzzs:
Recent studies have shown that sleep plays a key role in con-
trolling your weight (Vorona, et al., 2005). Taking multiple
medications, busy schedules and other daily routines can
make it tough to get enough sleep. If possible, adjust your
busy schedule to allow for enough sleep.
Things To Watch Out For:
If you have been diagnosed with diabetes, it’s important to
pay attention to your body. Problems in your circulatory sys-
tem can lead to changes in vision, heart problems and possi-
bly amputation. To avoid these complications it’s important
you have your heart health monitored with tests such as
weight, blood pressure, cholesterol, and cardiac stress. You
should talk to your doctor about which tests are best for you.
It’s also important to see your doctor if you sense any infec-
tion or illness. Infections and fevers can affect your insulin
levels. You should also watch your skin closely. Keep an eye
out for skin breakdowns on your feet and legs, as these can be
related to your diabetes. Foot care is important, especially for
people with an SCI, so wear loose socks, soft shoes that fit
well, and keep your nails trimmed. Always report anything
unusual to your doctor.
Keep In Mind:
Because SCI survivors have the same causes and risks as non-
disabled people they can benefit from the same lifestyle
changes, such as diet, weight maintenance, exercise, and
stress management. Careful management of diabetes generally
has excellent results. You can take responsibility by learning
to check your own glucose levels if your doctor recommends
this, take insulin/medication, adjust your diet, and exercise.
Look for doctors who understand SCI as well as diabetes,
starting with your local SCI facility. If you can’t find one doc-
tor knowledgeable in both issues, find two who are willing to
work together.
Remember That:
Diabetes is caused by a combination of genetic and life-
Take Home style factors including being overweight.
Persons with SCI are at much higher risk for develop-
Tips ing diabetes because of decreased activity, weight gain,
and metabolism changes post-injury.
Nutrition, exercise, and weight loss are the three keys
to preventing diabetes.
5
6. Resources:
The American Diabetes Association (ADA) [online] http://www.diabetes.org (Accessed 2007).
(2007). All About Diabetes. [online]. http://www.diabetes.org/about-diabetes.jsp (Accessed 2007).
(2007). Be Active, But How? Top Ten Benefits of Being Active. (ADA) [online].
http://www.diabetes.org/weightloss-and-exercise/weightloss-getting-active.jsp (Accessed 2007).
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) [online] http:// www. cdc.gov/diabetes (Accessed
2007).
Vorona, R., et al. (2005). Overweight and Obese Patients in a Primary Care Population Report Less Sleep
Than Patients With a Normal Body Mass Index. Archives of Internal Medicine, 165, 25-30.
The American Diabetes Association (ADA) National Call Center- 1-800-DIABETES.
For more information or alternative formats, please visit our web site at:
http://www.sci-health.org or call 1-866-380-4344.
Disclaimer
This fact sheet only provides general information. It is only for informational and educational purposes and should not be used to
diagnose or treat a medical condition. It is not a substitute for professional medical advice relative to your specific medical condi-
tions. Always seek the advice of your doctor or other qualified health provider before starting any new treatment or with any ques-
tions you may have about your medical condition.
Funded by the US Dept. of Education, NIDRR, Grant #H133B031114