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- 1. Introduction Introduction | Types | Prediabetes | Types 1 | Type 2 | Gestational Diabetes | Covid 19 & Diabetes | People need to know & do? | Data and Statistics | Diabetes prevalence increasing ? | Living with Diabetes | What Diabetic people eat? Diabetes in India is chronic disease that takes place when the pancreas doesn’t produce enough insulin or when the body is unable to react to the insulin produced by the pancreas. Hypereglycemia, or increased blood sugar level, is a symptom caused by uncontrolled sugar levels in the blood which over time leads to many serious damages to body functioning, especially the nerves and blood vessel. Image by Steve Buissinne from Pixabay 2 Types of Diabetes India
- 2. Prediabetes India It is a serious health condition where sugar levels in the blood are higher than normal, but not high enough to be diagnosed as type 2 diabetes. If you have prediabetes, the cells in your body don’t respond to insulin and the pancreas makes more insulin to try to get cells to respond properly. Eventually, the pancreas can’t keep up, and blood sugar rises which is setting the stage for prediabetics and also building a path for type 2 diabetes Image by Steve Buissinne from Pixabay Types 2 Diabetes India This type of diabetes is formerly known as the non-insulin dependent type of diabetes which is caused when the body is poorly managing body’s insulin. The pancreas has three different types of cells namely alpha cells, beta cells
- 3. and gamma cells. These cells are collectively known as islets of langerhans . When there is malfunctioning of beta cells , insulin is not properly secreted in the blood. since alpha cells are responsible for maintainence of glucose level in blood, the blood glucose level increases due to malfunctioning of beta cells . This increase of blood glucose level is termed as Diabetes Mellitus Type-2. Causes: - ● Excess body weight ● Physical inactivity ● Excess fast-food intake ● Lethargy ● Sedentary Lifestyle ● obesity ● Family History ● Genetic ● Pancreatic disorders ● Race and Ethnicity ● Blood Lipid Levels ● Age ● Pre-diabetics ● In-appropriate fat distribution Symptoms May be similar to those of type 1 diabetes but they are mostly less marked, which causes the disease to be diagnosed in a long time, after which complications have already ● Polydipsia ● Polyphasia ● Polyuria ● Neuropathy
- 4. ● Nephropathy ● Retinopathy ● Weight loss ● Fatigue Image by Myriams-Fotos from Pixabay Type 1 Diabetes India Type 1 diabetes is formerly known as an insulin-dependent type of diabetes. This type of diabetes is characterized by a lack of production of insulin in the body and it requires daily injections of insulin Causes ● Nonactive lifestyle
- 5. ● Family member with diabetes history ● Injury to or removal of the pancreas ● Sedentary lifestyle Symptoms ● Excessive thirst ● Increased urination ● Unexplained weight loss ● Headache ● Dehydration ● Irritability ● Mood swings ● Increased appetite ● Fatigue ● Miscarriage and menstrual cycle disruption (in adults) ● Yeast infections ● Sometimes wake up in the middle of the night to urinate *
- 6. Image by Photo Mix from Pixabay GESTATIONAL DIABETES India Gestational diabetes happens when the body can’t make enough insulin during pregnancy. During pregnancy, the women’s body makes more hormones and goes through many other changes such as gaining weight, due to which body cells use insulin less effectively, this condition is called insulin resistance. Women with gestational diabetes are at an increased risk of complications during pregnancy and during delivery. there is also a possibility that women with this type of diabetes, and their children are also at increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes in the future. This type of diabetes is usually diagnosed through prenatal screening, rather than usually reported symptoms.
- 7. Image by Peter Stanic from Pixabay Covid-19 and diabetes India Covid-19 is a new and potentially serious coronavirus. It can lead to lung infection (pneumonia), renal failure, and even death. The covid-19 virus appears to make older persons and people with pre-existing medical disorders (such as diabetes, heart disease, and asthma) more susceptible to becoming seriously unwell. When people with diabetes develop a viral infection, it could be harder to treat due to variation in glucose levels in the blood What do people need to know and do? ● Make plans in case you become unwell. ● Make sure you have all important contact information on hand in case you need it.
- 8. ● Always maintain a record of your sugar level chart. Blood glucose levels should be monitored regularly to avoid issues caused by excessive or low blood sugar. ● If you have flu-like symptoms (high fever, cough, or difficulty breathing), you should see a doctor. If you’re coughing up phlegm, it might be an indication of an illness, so get medical help right once. ● Any infection can boost your blood glucose levels and increase your need for fluids, so make sure you have plenty to drink. ● Ensure that you have a sufficient supply of the diabetic drugs you require. Consider what you’d require if you were forced to isolate yourself for a few weeks. ● Make sure you have a sufficient amount of food to eat. ● Make sure you’ll be able to react quickly if your blood glucose levels drop unexpectedly. ● If you live alone, make sure someone you can trust knows you have diabetes since you may need help if you become poorly. ● Stick to a routine, avoid overworking, and get a decent night’s sleep. DATA AND STATISTICS Approximately 537 billion adults are living with diabetes. The total number of people living with diabetes is estimated to increase to 643 million by 2030 and 783 million by 2045. In India, there are an estimated 72.96 million cases of diabetes in the adult population of India Why is diabetes prevalence increasing in India? India is already our country with a rich culture, daily life in India is changing as western culture is also trying to make space in Indian society. As a result, the Western diet is becoming popular that comes with more refined carbohydrates or processed food and trans-fat as a result people are leading sedentary and less active lives as well.
- 9. Image by stanias from Pixabay Living with Diabetes India Living with diabetes is not hard as 463 million people are already living with diabetes all over the world. If you have been diagnosed with diabetes there is no need to freak out, you need to consult a good doctor and maintain a lifestyle that would help you in maintaining the sugar level and by controlling it people are living a good and healthy life. WHAT DIABETIC PEOPLE CAN EAT India? Sometimes people may wonder if they have diabetes so they have to say goodbye to their favourite food. But you might need to eat less quantity of it now or enjoy them less often. You can consult your doctor to suggest a good meal plan that meets your needs and likes The important to eat with diabetes is to eat different types of healthy foods from all food groups, in the amounts your meal plan o. The food groups are
- 10. Vegetables:- tomatoes, corn, peppers, greens, carrots, broccoli Fruits:- apples, bananas, grapes, oranges, melon Grains:– oats, barley, bread, pasta, cereal, tortillas, wheat, brown rice Protein:- chicken, fish, nuts, peanuts, meat alternative, lean meat, dried beans Dairy:– low-fat milk, low-fat yoghurt, low-fat cheese Eat foods that are heart-healthy fats, such as: ● oils like canola and olive oil, which are liquid at room temperature. ● seeds and nuts ● fish that are good for your heart, such as salmon, tuna, and mackerel. ● avocado Try to use oil while you are cooking your food instead of using butter, cream, shortening, lard, or stick margarine.
- 11. Image by Shutterbug75 from Pixabay