The document provides an extensive overview of diabetes, describing it as a chronic condition characterized by high blood sugar resulting from problems with insulin production or action. It details the main types of diabetes, including type 1, type 2, and gestational diabetes, along with their symptoms, causes, and management strategies. Additionally, it addresses common myths and facts about diabetes, emphasizing its rising prevalence and the importance of prevention and awareness.

2. Table of Contents
5
5
5
5
9
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5
5
What is Diabetes?
Classifications
3
4
Type 1 Diabetes
Type 2 Diabetes
5
7
Gestational Diabetes
Insulin
9
10
Deadliest Myths
Facts
11
Dear Readers
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3. 3 What is Diabetes?
DIABETES is the leading cause of death worldwide. BUT, what is it exactly?
(K.G.M.M. Alberti et al, 1998)
“Diabetes is a chronic condition that occurs when
the body cannot produce or effectively use insulin.
Generally speaking, diabetes is a disorder involving the
metabolism of a person.
The term diabetes mellitus describes a metabolic
disorder of multiple aetiology characterized by chronic
hyperglycaemia with disturbances of carbohydrate,
fat and protein metabolism resulting from defects in
insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. The effects
of diabetes mellitus include long-term damage,
dysfunction and failure of various organs.”
NATIONAL DIABETES INFORMATION
CLEARINGHOUSE (NDIC), U.S.A
“Diabetes is a disorder of metabolism—the way the
body uses digested food for growth and energy.
Most of the food people eat, is broken down into
glucose, the form of sugar in the blood. Glucose is the
main source of fuel for the body.
After digestion, glucose passes into the bloodstream,
where it is used by cells for growth and energy. For
glucose to get into cells, insulin must be present.
Insulin is a hormone produced by the pancreas, a large
gland behind the stomach.
When people eat, the pancreas automatically produces
the right amount of insulin to move glucose from
blood into the cells. In people with diabetes, however,
the pancreas either produces little or no insulin, or the
cells do not respond appropriately to the insulin that
is produced. Glucose builds up in the blood, overflows
into the urine, and passes out of the body through
urine. Thus, the body loses its main source of fuel even
though the blood contains large amounts of glucose.”
( h t t p : / / d i a b e t e s . n i d d k . n i h . g o v / d m / p u b s /
overview/#what)
WIKIPEDIA
“Diabetes mellitus, or simply diabetes, is a group
of metabolic diseases in which a person has
high blood sugar, either because the pancreas does
not produce enough insulin, or because cells do
not respond to the insulin that is produced. This
high blood sugar produces the classical symptoms
of polyuria (frequent urination), polydipsia (increased
thirst), and polyphagia (increased hunger).”

4. In simple terms, Diabetes is a rotting disease
that spreads the rot and damage throughout
the body.
There are three main types of Diabetes Mellitus.
They are as follows:
» Type 1 Diabetes alias Juvenile Diabetes
» Type 2 Diabetes
» Gestational Diabetes
Apart from these primary three types, the other
types include:
» Type 1.5 (LADA)
» Type 3
» MODY
» Brittle
» Steroid-induced (incl. CFRD)
» Double
Diab etes Mellit us
Mar ked Obesit y
Yes
NO
Insuli n resista nce Autoa ntibodi es
Yes
Type - 2
dIABETES
NO Yes
NO
Autoa ntibodi es
fAMILY hISTORY-1
aFFRICAN -
aMERICAN
NO
fAMILY hISTORY-2
Type - 1a
dIABETES
Yes
Yes NO
NO Yes
ATypical Diab etes Type - 1B dIABETES MODY
4 Classification
Diabetes Mellitus - Know the types

5. 5 Type 1 diabetes - alias “Juvenile Diabetes”
Type 1 Diabetes is also known as Juvenile Diabetes. It is the
result of an auto-immune reaction. The body fails to produce
insulin it needs which is produced by the beta cells known as
“Islets” (pronounced as EYE -lets) in the pancreas which is a
consequence of the attack on the beta cells. The reason behind
this is yet to be discovered. Type 1 Diabetes can occur to any
individual irrespective of the age but it is most prominent among
children or young adults. An individual suffering from Type
1 Diabetes will die if not given insulin everyday, to control the
levels of the glucose in his blood. It is a disease which develops
suddenly and shows specific signals like:
» Abnormal thirst and a dry mouth
» Frequent urination
» Sudden weight loss
» Lack of energy, extreme tiredness
» Constant hunger
» Slow-healing wounds
» Recurrent infections
» Blurred vision
SYMPtoms of diabetes
Frequent
Urination
Weight
Loss
Lack of
Energy
Excessive
Thirst

6. 6 Type 1 diabetes - alias “Juvenile Diabetes”
Type 1 Diabetes is the one where the beta cells in the pancreas stop producing enough insulin needed by the body, the reason
why it is to be managed by insulin replacement through lifelong insulin injections. At the same time, it is to be noted that
only insulin is not enough to keep Type 1 Diabetes in control. The basic underlying factor is to keep the glucose level in the blood
as close to normal as possible. One needs to maintain a combination of few things to do the same and they go like:
» Daily Insulin Therapy
» Close monitoring of the glucose level in the blood
» Maintaining a healthy diet by eating right
» Regular physical exercise
INSULIN
HEALTHY DIET
GLUCOSE MONITORING
REGULAR EXERCISE
Control TYPE 1 DIABETES

7. 7 Type 2 diabetes - most commonly found globally
Type 2 Diabetes is the most common diabetes found across the globe.
It is generally found in adults, but gradually it is increasingly being
noticed in children and adolescents as well. Unlike Type 1 Diabetes, in
Type 2 Diabetes the body is able to produce insulin but complications
arise when either the body is ineffective to produce enough insulin
needed by the body or else the body grows immune to the effects of
the insulin produced. This situation where the body stops responding
to the effects of the insulin is known as “Insulin Resistance”. As a result
the glucose level in the blood rises up. In most of the cases individuals
fail to identify the illness for a long time as the symptoms are likely to
take years to appear. All these years, the body slowly and gradually
goes through extensive damage and erosion due to the excessive
glucose in the blood being piled up. Only when the symptoms start
appearing does one get himself/herself diagnosed. Several risk factors
can be mentioned even though the exact reasons for the occurrence
of this disease still remains a mystery. They are:
» Obesity
» Poor Diet
» Physical Inactivity
» Advancing Age
» Family History of Diabetes
» Ethnicity
» High blood glucose during pregnancy affecting the unborn child
SYMPtoms of diabetes
Frequent
Urination
Weight
Loss
Lack of
Energy
Excessive
Thirst
Obesity
Physical
Inactivity
Advancing
Age
Excessive
Thirst

8. 8 Type 2 diabetes - most commonly found globally
Putting forth the possible preventions for Type 2 Diabetes
Type 1 Diabetes is the one where the beta cells in the pancreas stop producing enough insulin needed by the body, the reason
why it is to be managed by insulin replacement through lifelong insulin injections. One needs to maintain a combination of
few things to do the same and they go like:
Follow a healthy balanced diet on a daily basis -
Many factors affect how well diabetes is controlled. A dietician can help to create
a food plan that is tailored to a person’s medical needs, lifestyle, and personal
preferences. Check your meal timings, maintain a diet & keep a tab on the weight.
Reduce alcohol intake, carbohydrate intake consistency.
Exercise :
Exercise is very important in controlling your type 2 diabetes. It reduces stress,
improves body’s use of insulin, burns extra fat hence helping in weight control,
improves muscle strength & bone density, lowers blood pressure, improves blood
circulation keeping at bay heart diseases and stroke.
Proper knowledge, regular check-up :
Know everything possible about diabetes - its symptoms, preventive cures, see
the doctor regularly, take insulin on time if required and stay active.
DO NOT NE GLECT!

9. 9 GESTATIONAL DIABETES
Apart from the two main kind of diabetes discussed upon
the third type apart from the two main ones
earlier in this presentation, the third type of diabetes visible
is the Gestational Diabetes.
This is the type which develops in pregnant women when they
develop a resistance to insulin and subsequent high blood
pressure during their period of pregnancy. This happens around
the 24th week of pregnancy when probably the action of insulin
is blocked by the hormones or the placenta.
Uncontrolled Gestational Diabetes can have severe effects on
both the mother and the baby hence it is not to be neglected and
should be treated on time.
Possible Preventions
Women with gestational diabetes or diabetes in pregnancy
need to monitor and control their blood glucose levels to
minimize risks to the baby which can be done by taking up
a healthy diet and moderate exercise but in some cases,
insulin or oral medication can be needed as well.
GESTATIONAL DIABETES Preventions

10. 10 Insulin
What is Insulin, that we talk so much about it in every case of Diabetes?
Haven’t we been discussing and mentioning about Insulin a bit too often in the whole presentation? Irrespective of the
type of diabetes, it has been mentioned in both cause and effect, even in the preventive measures index. It is time that
we throw some light on “INSULIN”.
Defining Insulin
Insulin is a hormone that is produced in the pancreas.
It allows the glucose to enter the body cells, where it
is converted into energy. People with Type 1 diabetes
cannot survive without Insulin doses. Some people
with Type 2 or Gestational Diabetes also need doses
of Insulin along with other medications prescribed
by the doctor!

11. 11 Deadliest Myths
We all have our own notions about it, which leads to lethal myths .
Myth 1: Diabetes doesn’t run in my family, so I am safe!
Myth 2: Diabetes is caused by eating carbohydrates!
Myth 3: I’m not fat, so I won’t get diabetes!
Myth 4: Diet has nothing to do with Type 1 Diabetes!
Myth 5: Only adults get Type 2 Diabetes!
Myth 6: Gestational Diabetes is an issue only for the pregnant!
Myth 7: You can control and reverse your diabetics with surgery!
Myth 8: Diabetes drugs are mostly free of side effects!
Myth 9: Diabetes isn’t serious if you take pills instead of Insulin!
Myth 10:DIABETES IS IREVERSIBLE!
DEADLIEST MYTHS
MffitH

12. 12 Facts about Diabetes
Facts about Diabetes
» About 347 million people worldwide have diabetes. There is an emerging global
epidemic of diabetes that can be traced back to rapid increase in weight, obesity &
physical inactivity!
» Diabetes is predicted to become the 7th leading cause of death in the world by the
year 2030 – total deaths from Diabetes are projected to rise by more than 50% in the
next 10 years!
» There are two major forms of diabetes.
» 80% of diabetes deaths occur in low and middle-income countries.
» Type 2 diabetes can be prevented.
» Diabetes is a leading cause of blindness, amputation and kidney failure.
» Cardiovascular diseases are responsible for around 50% - 80% of deaths in people with
diabetes!
FACTS

13. 13 DEAR READERS
We have tried & covered almost all the basics of Diabetes! But you can never know enough about a topic.
There’s more to the nitty-gritty of this precarious and alarmingly increasing disease. So, enlighten yourself
and everyone around with the knowledge & information available & start taking the necessary precautions this
very moment for keeping Diabetes at bay & securing yourself for a better tomorrow!
Let us all unite for this global burden and stop this rot from spreading! Help us to help you and all better.
sUGGESTION
bofl
SUGGESTIONS
Help and encourage us to move forward with your valuable suggestions on
this. We look forward and welcome your inputs on this!

14. Thank you
By Team