Diabetes affects over 23 million Americans and is a chronic disease where the body cannot properly use or produce insulin. There are two main types: type 1 is an autoimmune disease where the body destroys insulin-producing cells and requires lifelong insulin treatment, while type 2 is more common and associated with obesity and physical inactivity and can sometimes be managed through lifestyle changes alone. Without proper insulin, glucose builds up in the blood and can cause serious health complications over time. Management focuses on glucose monitoring, medication, diet, exercise and education.

1. Diabetes Mellitus
Lora Stowitzky

2. Statistics
 Affects 23.6 million people in the
U.S.
- Diagnosed: 17.9 million people
- Undiagnosed: 5.7 million people
 7th leading cause of death in the
U.S
(2006)

3. What is Diabetes?
 A chronic disease in which the body
can not properly use or make
insulin.
 Insulin- a hormone made in the
pancrease that turns sugar
(glucose) into energy for the body to
use

4. What happens without insulin?
Lack of insulin
⇓
Build up of glucose in the
blood (hyperglycemia)
⇓
Symptoms of Diabetes
Mellitus

5. Symptoms
 Frequent urination
 Excessive thirst
 Extreme hunger
- Cells are starved for energy
 Unexplained weight loss
- Insulin can not trigger the storage of fat
 Fatigue
 Delayed wound healing

6. Type I Diabetes Mellitus
 Juvenile diabetes
 Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus
 Autoimmune disorder
 The body destroys the cells that
make the insulin
 Thus, the body can no longer
produce insulin

7. Type I Diabetes Mellitus
 Usually diagnosed in children &
young adults ( <30 years old)
 5-10% of diabetics

8. Type I Diabetes Mellitus
 RISK factors:
- Genetics
- Autoimmune history
 Type I is not preventable

9. Type I Treatment
 Glucose monitoring often
 Insulin injections
 Exercise
 Diet
 Follow up with doctor
 Educate yourself!

10. Type II Diabetes Mellitus
 Non-insulin dependent diabetes
mellitus
 Body makes insulin but most cells
do not use insulin properly
 Insulin resistance
 Slowly, the pancreas stops making
insulin.

11. Type II Diabetes Mellitus
 90-95 % of diabetics
 RISK factors
- Older age
- Family history
- Obesity
- Physical Inactivity
- Race and Ethnicity

12. Type II Risk Factors
 Obesity & Inactivity
- Studies find a relationship between
weight/activity level and Type II
- Seeing an increase in Type II
diabetes in children

13. Type II Diabetes Mellitus
 Race & Ethnicity
- African Americans
- Hispanic/Latino Americans
- American Indians
- Asian Americans
- Pacific Islanders

14. Type II Prevention
 If have risk factors, prevent or delay
the onset of Type II…
- Healthy diet
- Moderately intense exercise
(walking 2 1/2 hours each week)

15. Type II Treatment
 Goal: Control blood sugar (glucose)
- Glucose monitoring often
- Oral medicine / Insulin injections
- Diet
- Exercise / Weight management
- Follow up with doctor
- Educate yourself!

16. Diet - Carb Counting
 Carbohydrates raise blood glucose
levels
 Keep track of how many carbs you
eat and set a limit for yourself
 Limit depends on your activity level
and medications
 Talk to your doctor!

17. Diet - Create your plate
 Divide plate into 3 sections
- Large section - non-starch veggies
(spinach, cabbage, mushrooms)
- Small section - starch
(potatoes, whole grain breads)
- Small section - meat
(turkey, tuna, lean pork)

18. Diet - Individualized
 No one diet is appropriate for every
diabetic person
 Work with your doctor to come up
with a diet that is right for your
situation

19. Complications of Diabetes
 Heart disease
 Blindness
 Kidney damage
 Diabetic neuropathy / nerve damage
 Prevent complications by managing
your glucose level, diet, and
activity!

20. Diabetes Awareness
 November is American Diabetes
Month
 November 14 is World Diabetes Day
For more information:
www.cdc.gov
www.diabetes.org
www.ndep.nih.gov

21. Websites
 http://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/consu
mer/index.htm
 http://www.emedicinehealth.com/dia
betes/article_em.htm#Diabetes
%20Overview
 http://www.diabetes.org/