Dezvoltarea ontogenetică a metazoarelor.
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ZL 121 Lecture 6 Cnidaria_Ctenophora(1)(1).ppt
Phylum Cnidaria includes jellyfish, sea anemones, corals, hydras and Portuguese man-of-war. They are diploblastic animals with radial symmetry and specialized cells. Many alternate between asexual polyp and sexual medusa stages with polyps attaching to substrates and medusas dispersing gametes. Cnidarians capture prey using stinging nematocysts and may form symbiotic relationships with algae. The four classes are distinguished by their dominant life cycle stage and include hydrozoans, scyphozoans, anthozoans and cubozoans.
Phylum porifera
This was a group powerpoint presentation made in partial requirement for the course Veterinary Zoology (ZOO 11).
9. Phylum Porifera Notes
Phylum Porifera includes about 5,000 living species of sponges. There are three main classes: Hexactinellida (glass sponges), Demospongia (most diverse class making up 90% of species), and Calcarea (found in shallow waters with calcium carbonate spicules). Sponges are the most primitive multicellular animals and feed by filtering water through their outer walls using flagella and contractile cells to pump water in and out for feeding, waste removal, and oxygen intake. They reproduce both sexually and asexually.
phylum porifera
1. Phylum Porifera includes sponges, which are the simplest multicellular animals.
2. Sponges have no true tissues and rely on diffusion for digestion, respiration, and excretion. They feed by filtering water through pores in their bodies.
3. There are over 5,000 living sponge species divided among three classes: Calcarea, Hexactinellida, and Demospongiae. They differ in the material that makes up their skeletons (calcium carbonate, silica, or spongin) and canal structure.
reproduction in animals
The document discusses various modes of reproduction in animals including asexual reproduction through budding and binary fission, as well as sexual reproduction which involves the fusion of egg and sperm. It describes the male and female reproductive systems and the processes of internal and external fertilization. It also discusses embryonic development, in vitro fertilization, frog lifecycles, and Dolly the sheep who was the first cloned mammal.
Phylum Cnidaria
1. The document provides an overview of the phylum Cnidaria, which includes jellyfish, corals, and hydroids.
2. Cnidarians are radially or biradially symmetrical and have stinging cells called nematocysts. They exhibit a diploblastic body plan with two tissue layers separated by a gelatinous mesoglea.
3. Many cnidarians alternate between a sessile polyp stage and a motile medusa stage. Reproduction involves external fertilization producing a planula larva.
Cell structure
Hooke first observed cells in 1665 using a microscope to examine cork. Leeuwenhoek later observed living cells in pond water in 1673. In 1838, Schleiden concluded plants are made of cells, and in 1839 Schwann concluded animals are made of cells, laying the foundations for the cell theory. Virchow in 1855 observed cells dividing and proposed all cells come from pre-existing cells. The cell theory states that all living things are made of cells, cells are the basic unit of structure and function, and new cells are produced from existing cells. Eukaryotic cells are more complex than prokaryotic cells, containing membrane-bound organelles. The cell membrane regulates what enters
Poriferappt
Sponges are the simplest multicellular animals and lack tissues and organs. They live in aquatic environments and have a porous body with water circulating through it. Sponges are divided into three classes - Calcarea, Hexactinellida, and Demospongiae - based on the material that makes up their skeletons. Their basic body structure includes pores for water intake, chambers for filtering and digestion, and an opening for water outflow. Sponges play an important ecological role as filter feeders.
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ZL 121 Lecture 6 Cnidaria_Ctenophora(1)(1).ppt
Phylum Cnidaria includes jellyfish, sea anemones, corals, hydras and Portuguese man-of-war. They are diploblastic animals with radial symmetry and specialized cells. Many alternate between asexual polyp and sexual medusa stages with polyps attaching to substrates and medusas dispersing gametes. Cnidarians capture prey using stinging nematocysts and may form symbiotic relationships with algae. The four classes are distinguished by their dominant life cycle stage and include hydrozoans, scyphozoans, anthozoans and cubozoans.
Phylum porifera
This was a group powerpoint presentation made in partial requirement for the course Veterinary Zoology (ZOO 11).
9. Phylum Porifera Notes
Phylum Porifera includes about 5,000 living species of sponges. There are three main classes: Hexactinellida (glass sponges), Demospongia (most diverse class making up 90% of species), and Calcarea (found in shallow waters with calcium carbonate spicules). Sponges are the most primitive multicellular animals and feed by filtering water through their outer walls using flagella and contractile cells to pump water in and out for feeding, waste removal, and oxygen intake. They reproduce both sexually and asexually.
phylum porifera
1. Phylum Porifera includes sponges, which are the simplest multicellular animals.
2. Sponges have no true tissues and rely on diffusion for digestion, respiration, and excretion. They feed by filtering water through pores in their bodies.
3. There are over 5,000 living sponge species divided among three classes: Calcarea, Hexactinellida, and Demospongiae. They differ in the material that makes up their skeletons (calcium carbonate, silica, or spongin) and canal structure.
reproduction in animals
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Phylum Cnidaria
1. The document provides an overview of the phylum Cnidaria, which includes jellyfish, corals, and hydroids.
2. Cnidarians are radially or biradially symmetrical and have stinging cells called nematocysts. They exhibit a diploblastic body plan with two tissue layers separated by a gelatinous mesoglea.
3. Many cnidarians alternate between a sessile polyp stage and a motile medusa stage. Reproduction involves external fertilization producing a planula larva.
Cell structure
Hooke first observed cells in 1665 using a microscope to examine cork. Leeuwenhoek later observed living cells in pond water in 1673. In 1838, Schleiden concluded plants are made of cells, and in 1839 Schwann concluded animals are made of cells, laying the foundations for the cell theory. Virchow in 1855 observed cells dividing and proposed all cells come from pre-existing cells. The cell theory states that all living things are made of cells, cells are the basic unit of structure and function, and new cells are produced from existing cells. Eukaryotic cells are more complex than prokaryotic cells, containing membrane-bound organelles. The cell membrane regulates what enters
Poriferappt
Sponges are the simplest multicellular animals and lack tissues and organs. They live in aquatic environments and have a porous body with water circulating through it. Sponges are divided into three classes - Calcarea, Hexactinellida, and Demospongiae - based on the material that makes up their skeletons. Their basic body structure includes pores for water intake, chambers for filtering and digestion, and an opening for water outflow. Sponges play an important ecological role as filter feeders.
Sponges
The document discusses the characteristics of sponges. It notes that sponges are the simplest of animals, with no organs or senses. However, they are classified as animals because they are multicellular, their cells have specialized functions and lack cell walls, they are heterotrophic, and their larvae are motile. The document describes sponges' anatomy, noting they are filter feeders that draw water through pores using flagella. It also discusses sponge spicules, which form their skeleton, and their reproduction, which can occur asexually and sexually through budding.
Phylum protozoa
Protozoa are unicellular eukaryotic organisms that can be free-living or parasitic. They exhibit a variety of shapes and methods of movement and nutrition. The document discusses the characteristics of protozoa including their size, habitats, symmetry, nutrition, and locomotion. It also summarizes the main subphyla of protozoa and describes features of foraminifera, including their shells (tests), shapes, and sexual forms. Paleontology is discussed in relation to studying fossils to understand past life and environments.
Cnidarians
The document discusses the phylum Cnidaria, which includes animals like hydra, jellyfish, coral, and sea anemones. Cnidarians have radial symmetry, a gastrovascular cavity for digestion, and stinging cells called nematocysts. They can be either solitary polyps attached to the sea floor or free-swimming medusae. Corals secrete calcium carbonate cups and form coral reefs in warm, salty waters. Jellyfish are free-swimming cnidarians with an umbrella-shaped body.
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Paramecium structure
1. Paramecium is a unicellular protozoan that lives in freshwater environments. It has an elongated slipper-like shape and moves using hair-like projections called cilia.
2. Its cell membrane is covered by a flexible pellicle layer. It has a macronucleus for metabolic functions and a micronucleus for reproduction.
3. Paramecium uses cilia to move and catch food, which enters through an oral groove and is digested in food vacuoles. It regulates osmosis through contractile vacuoles connected to radial canals.
Porifera
A. Sponges are the most primitive multicellular animals belonging to Phylum Porifera. They consist of loosely organized cells and lack true tissues. Their bodies have 3 main cell types - pinacocytes forming the outer layer, mesenchyme cells in the jelly-like mesohyl, and choanocytes lining chambers.
B. Sponges have a skeleton that provides support, consisting of either silica or calcium carbonate spicules secreted by mesenchyme cells or spongin fibers. They exist in different forms depending on their branching canal system and water flow.
C. Sponges are filter feeders, using choanocyte flagella to draw water through their
PHYLUM CNIDARIA
Cnidarians are radially symmetrical aquatic animals with stinging cells called cnidocytes. They have two main body forms - polyps and medusae. Cnidarians include jellyfish, hydras, sea anemones, and corals. They are diploblastic with two tissue layers and a jelly-like mesoglea in between. Cnidarians capture prey using stinging tentacles and digest food in their gastrovascular cavity. They play an important economic role by creating coral reef habitats for fish and generating oxygen from algae.
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Paramecium are single-celled organisms found in freshwater environments around the world. They have cilia that help with movement and feeding, and a thick outer membrane called a pellicle that gives the cell its shape. Food enters through the oral groove and is digested in food vacuoles before waste is expelled through the anal pore, while contractile vacuoles pump out excess water to regulate the cell's water content.
Phylum Porifera
Sponges are multicellular invertebrates that live in marine and fresh waters. They have radial symmetry or are asymmetrical and lack cell specialization. Sponges intake water through pores called ostia which flows through canals to chambers called spongocoels and exits through larger openings called oscula. They filter feed by trapping bacteria and other food particles but lack nervous, digestive and circulatory systems. Reproduction can occur sexually as hermaphrodites or dioeciously. There are three main groups of sponges: Hexactinellida, Demospongia and Calcarea.
Cnidarians
Cnidarians are soft-bodied aquatic animals that exhibit radial symmetry and possess true tissues. They have a sac-like body with a central digestive cavity and a single opening surrounded by tentacles bearing stinging cells. Cnidarians exist as sessile polyps or free-swimming medusae, and their life cycle may alternate between these two forms. The phylum is divided into three classes: Hydrozoa (hydras), Scyphozoa (jellyfish), and Anthozoa (corals and sea anemones).
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7. structural organisation in animals
1) The body of the earthworm is divided into over 100 segments that are similar. It has a clitellum, a prostomium, and genital openings.
2) The digestive system includes a mouth, pharynx, esophagus, crop, gizzard, midgut, and hindgut. The circulatory system is closed.
3) The excretory system includes nephridia and nephridiopores. Earthworms are hermaphrodites with both male and female reproductive organs.
Marine flatworms
Marine flatworms are bilaterally symmetrical, acoelomate animals found in benthic marine habitats like reefs and lagoons. They have a dorsoventrally flattened body and lack circulatory and respiratory systems. Most are hermaphrodites that reproduce sexually. The phylum includes three classes: Turbellaria (free-living flatworms), Trematoda (flukes) and Cestoda (tapeworms). Polyclad flatworms make up the order Polycladida and have a highly branched gut and pharynx plicatus. They feed mainly on ascidians and crustaceans. Many species exhibit bright warning colors and mimic
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Phylum Porifera - Sycon
The invertebrates, or invertebrates, are animals that do not contain bony structures, such as the cranium and vertebrae. The simplest of all the invertebrates are the Parazoans, which include only the phylum Porifera: the sponges.
Parazoans (“beside animals”) do not display tissue-level organization, although they do have specialized cells that perform specific functions. Sponge larvae are able to swim; however, adults are non-motile and spend their life attached to a substratum.
Since water is vital to sponges for excretion, feeding, and gas exchange, their body structure facilitates the movement of water through the sponge. Structures such as canals, chambers, and cavities enable water to move through the sponge to nearly all body cells.
Plant kingdom
The document summarizes the evolution of plants from aquatic to terrestrial environments. Early plant ancestors were green algae that lived in water. They developed adaptations like vascular tissue to transport water and nutrients on land. These included roots, stems, leaves, and a waxy cuticle. Land plants diversified into spore-producing plants like ferns and seed-producing plants like flowering plants. All plants undergo an alternation of generations between haploid and diploid forms.
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Sponges
The document discusses the characteristics of sponges. It notes that sponges are the simplest of animals, with no organs or senses. However, they are classified as animals because they are multicellular, their cells have specialized functions and lack cell walls, they are heterotrophic, and their larvae are motile. The document describes sponges' anatomy, noting they are filter feeders that draw water through pores using flagella. It also discusses sponge spicules, which form their skeleton, and their reproduction, which can occur asexually and sexually through budding.
Phylum protozoa
Protozoa are unicellular eukaryotic organisms that can be free-living or parasitic. They exhibit a variety of shapes and methods of movement and nutrition. The document discusses the characteristics of protozoa including their size, habitats, symmetry, nutrition, and locomotion. It also summarizes the main subphyla of protozoa and describes features of foraminifera, including their shells (tests), shapes, and sexual forms. Paleontology is discussed in relation to studying fossils to understand past life and environments.
Cnidarians
The document discusses the phylum Cnidaria, which includes animals like hydra, jellyfish, coral, and sea anemones. Cnidarians have radial symmetry, a gastrovascular cavity for digestion, and stinging cells called nematocysts. They can be either solitary polyps attached to the sea floor or free-swimming medusae. Corals secrete calcium carbonate cups and form coral reefs in warm, salty waters. Jellyfish are free-swimming cnidarians with an umbrella-shaped body.
Cell: The Unit of Life
Biology Class 11 Chapter 8
FOR FURTHER DETAILS YOU CAN WATCH THE RELATED VIDEO AT THE GIVEN LINK
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCxo06Nj-QWo_7SNvMyDnJCQ?view_as=subscriber
Paramecium structure
1. Paramecium is a unicellular protozoan that lives in freshwater environments. It has an elongated slipper-like shape and moves using hair-like projections called cilia.
2. Its cell membrane is covered by a flexible pellicle layer. It has a macronucleus for metabolic functions and a micronucleus for reproduction.
3. Paramecium uses cilia to move and catch food, which enters through an oral groove and is digested in food vacuoles. It regulates osmosis through contractile vacuoles connected to radial canals.
Porifera
A. Sponges are the most primitive multicellular animals belonging to Phylum Porifera. They consist of loosely organized cells and lack true tissues. Their bodies have 3 main cell types - pinacocytes forming the outer layer, mesenchyme cells in the jelly-like mesohyl, and choanocytes lining chambers.
B. Sponges have a skeleton that provides support, consisting of either silica or calcium carbonate spicules secreted by mesenchyme cells or spongin fibers. They exist in different forms depending on their branching canal system and water flow.
C. Sponges are filter feeders, using choanocyte flagella to draw water through their
PHYLUM CNIDARIA
Cnidarians are radially symmetrical aquatic animals with stinging cells called cnidocytes. They have two main body forms - polyps and medusae. Cnidarians include jellyfish, hydras, sea anemones, and corals. They are diploblastic with two tissue layers and a jelly-like mesoglea in between. Cnidarians capture prey using stinging tentacles and digest food in their gastrovascular cavity. They play an important economic role by creating coral reef habitats for fish and generating oxygen from algae.
Paramecium ppt
Paramecium are single-celled organisms found in freshwater environments around the world. They have cilia that help with movement and feeding, and a thick outer membrane called a pellicle that gives the cell its shape. Food enters through the oral groove and is digested in food vacuoles before waste is expelled through the anal pore, while contractile vacuoles pump out excess water to regulate the cell's water content.
Phylum Porifera
Sponges are multicellular invertebrates that live in marine and fresh waters. They have radial symmetry or are asymmetrical and lack cell specialization. Sponges intake water through pores called ostia which flows through canals to chambers called spongocoels and exits through larger openings called oscula. They filter feed by trapping bacteria and other food particles but lack nervous, digestive and circulatory systems. Reproduction can occur sexually as hermaphrodites or dioeciously. There are three main groups of sponges: Hexactinellida, Demospongia and Calcarea.
Cnidarians
Cnidarians are soft-bodied aquatic animals that exhibit radial symmetry and possess true tissues. They have a sac-like body with a central digestive cavity and a single opening surrounded by tentacles bearing stinging cells. Cnidarians exist as sessile polyps or free-swimming medusae, and their life cycle may alternate between these two forms. The phylum is divided into three classes: Hydrozoa (hydras), Scyphozoa (jellyfish), and Anthozoa (corals and sea anemones).
Cartilaginous fish
Cartilaginous fishes first appeared in the fossil record 420 million years ago during the Devonian Period. They are characterized by having a cartilaginous skeleton with no bone, movable jaws with teeth, and lateral fins. There are nearly 1000 living species including sharks, rays, and skates. The largest species ever was Megalodon, an ancient shark that was over 50 meters long. Cartilaginous fishes have specialized systems like ampullae of Lorenzini that allow them to detect electric fields. They reproduce through internal fertilization.
7. structural organisation in animals
1) The body of the earthworm is divided into over 100 segments that are similar. It has a clitellum, a prostomium, and genital openings.
2) The digestive system includes a mouth, pharynx, esophagus, crop, gizzard, midgut, and hindgut. The circulatory system is closed.
3) The excretory system includes nephridia and nephridiopores. Earthworms are hermaphrodites with both male and female reproductive organs.
Marine flatworms
Marine flatworms are bilaterally symmetrical, acoelomate animals found in benthic marine habitats like reefs and lagoons. They have a dorsoventrally flattened body and lack circulatory and respiratory systems. Most are hermaphrodites that reproduce sexually. The phylum includes three classes: Turbellaria (free-living flatworms), Trematoda (flukes) and Cestoda (tapeworms). Polyclad flatworms make up the order Polycladida and have a highly branched gut and pharynx plicatus. They feed mainly on ascidians and crustaceans. Many species exhibit bright warning colors and mimic
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Five Classes Of Phylum Mollusca
Characteristics & Features Of Phylum Mollusca
Detail Presentation On Phylum Mollusca
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Plant kingdom
Plants originated from green algae in the oceans and have since colonized all environments on Earth through adaptations. They are divided into two main groups - plants without seeds like mosses and ferns, and plants with seeds including gymnosperms like conifers and angiosperms. Plants are multicellular autotrophs that produce their own food through photosynthesis, where chloroplasts in leaves use chlorophyll, water, carbon dioxide and sunlight to produce oxygen and glucose. Sexual reproduction in seed plants involves pollination transferring pollen between male and female parts, leading to fertilization and seed formation in fruits.
Kingdom Animalia - Invertebrates
The document provides an overview of invertebrate animal classification, describing key characteristics of major phyla. It discusses porifera, cnidarians, flatworms, nematodes, annelids, molluscs, arthropods, and echinoderms. For each group, it describes anatomy, examples of types of animals in the group, and sometimes life cycles or additional details.
Phylum Nematoda
The document discusses the phylum Nematoda, or roundworms, which includes over 25,000 known species of parasitic and free-living nematodes found in every habitat on Earth. Nematodes have a triploblastic body plan with three tissue layers and a pseudocoelom body cavity, as well as a complete digestive system, dioecious sexual reproduction, a nervous system including a brain and nerve cords, and respiration and excretion via diffusion. Examples of parasitic nematodes discussed are Trichinella found in undercooked pork, filarial worms that cause lymphatic filariasis, and hookworms.
Aniaml kingdom class XI
The document discusses the basic levels of organization in animals from the cellular level to the organ-system level. It also covers embryonic layer arrangements, types of body cavities, segmentation, and the presence or absence of a notochord. Specific animal phyla are then described in detail, including key characteristics and examples for each phylum. The major phyla covered include Porifera, Cnidaria, Ctenophora, Platyhelminthes, Aschelminthes, Annelida, Arthropoda, Mollusca, Echinodermata, Hemichordata, Chordata, and Vertebrata.
Phylum Porifera - Sycon
The invertebrates, or invertebrates, are animals that do not contain bony structures, such as the cranium and vertebrae. The simplest of all the invertebrates are the Parazoans, which include only the phylum Porifera: the sponges.
Parazoans (“beside animals”) do not display tissue-level organization, although they do have specialized cells that perform specific functions. Sponge larvae are able to swim; however, adults are non-motile and spend their life attached to a substratum.
Since water is vital to sponges for excretion, feeding, and gas exchange, their body structure facilitates the movement of water through the sponge. Structures such as canals, chambers, and cavities enable water to move through the sponge to nearly all body cells.
Plant kingdom
The document summarizes the evolution of plants from aquatic to terrestrial environments. Early plant ancestors were green algae that lived in water. They developed adaptations like vascular tissue to transport water and nutrients on land. These included roots, stems, leaves, and a waxy cuticle. Land plants diversified into spore-producing plants like ferns and seed-producing plants like flowering plants. All plants undergo an alternation of generations between haploid and diploid forms.
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Scoarta cerebrala atlas de neuroanatomie
El documento describe las principales áreas del cerebro involucradas en las funciones sensoriales, motoras y vegetativas. Menciona las áreas de mielinización sucesiva de Flechsig, los homúnculos sensitivos y motores, las áreas sensoriales, motoras, visuales, auditivas y vegetativas, así como las asociaciones entre estas áreas.
Cortex atlas de neuroanatomie
This document provides information on the structure and organization of the cerebral cortex. It includes descriptions of the different levels and types of cortex (e.g. paleocortex, neocortex, archicortex), cortical layers and cell types, cytoarchitectonic and myeloarchitectonic maps, cortical columns and connections. Diagrams illustrate cortical folding, functional areas, white matter tracts and vascularization.
Sistemul limbic atlas de neuroanatomie
This document discusses various structures of the limbic system including the cingulate gyrus, septum, mammillary body, trigone, hippocampus, and amygdala. It provides both Latin and Romanian names for these structures and describes their locations and connections within the brain. Diagrams are included showing views of the hippocampus and surrounding areas from different angles. The structure of the hippocampus is examined in detail, along with the entorhinal region and amygdala.
Sistemul extrapiramidal atlas de neuroanatomie
This document discusses the extrapyramidal system and related brain structures. It describes components like the striatum, globus pallidus, substantia nigra, subthalamic region, and their connections to the thalamus and motor pathways. Diagrams show sections of the striatum and locations of nuclei within the basal ganglia and brainstem regions involved in extrapyramidal circuits.
Talamus atlas de neuroanatomie
This document contains diagrams and labels of various structures in the thalamus and surrounding areas in the brain. It identifies nuclei within the thalamus such as the anterior nucleus, dorsomedial nucleus, and pulvinar. It also shows connections between the thalamus and other regions like the cortex, basal ganglia, and brainstem. Pathways such as the optic radiations and peduncles are indicated. The vascular supply to the thalamus from arteries is depicted. In summary, it provides an anatomical overview of the thalamus and its relationships to surrounding brain structures.
Hipotalamus atlas de neuroanatomie
This document contains information about the hypothalamus and its connections. It discusses several nuclei within the hypothalamus, including the paraventricular nucleus, supraoptic nucleus, and suprachiasmatic nucleus. It also mentions the hypothalamic-pituitary system and how neurons in the hypothalamus secrete neurohormones into the portal system to regulate the anterior pituitary gland.
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