Dewatering Column plus AA Grade Methanol Distillation

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The document discusses a dewatering column system to purify methanol. It provides specifications for AA grade methanol, including limits of 20 ppm for acetone and a minimum permanganate fading time of 60 minutes. It also details typical analyses of crude methanol feedstocks and outlines two design options - a standard two column system or an improved three column system that allows for better energy utilization.

Technology Business

Dewatering Column plus
AA Grade Methanol Distillation
Case Study #06250414GBH
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Dewatering Column
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Dewatering Column: Design Basis
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Feed Product O/H Vapor Bottoms
Prim Cond
Liq
Sec Cond
Liq
Temperature C 80.0 77.9 45.0 123.3 45.0 74.3
Pressure bar 2.0 1.6 1.3 2.2 2.0 1.5
Vapor Frac 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mole Flow kmol/hr 6932.2 5313.4 19.8 1599.0 1595.3 6762.6
Mass Flow kg/hr 193795 164203 786 28806 51411 215987
Mole Flow kmol/hr
CH4 0.35 0.00 0.35 0.00 0.08 0.00
CO2 10.26 0.06 10.20 0.00 11.07 0.79
CO 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
N2 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
H2 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00
METHANOL 4884.63 4877.99 6.63 0.01 1561.10 6702.38
ETHANOL 0.84 0.84 0.00 0.00 0.04 0.28
PROPANOL 0.42 0.42 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.02
BUTANOL 0.21 0.21 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
DME 2.69 0.11 2.58 0.00 17.31 4.11
WATER 2032.76 433.80 0.01 1598.95 5.66 54.98
ACETONE 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
MEK 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
MF 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Mass Frac
CH4 0.000029 0.000000 0.007131 0.000000 0.000025 0.000000
CO2 0.002330 0.000016 0.571071 0.000000 0.009479 0.000160
CO 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
N2 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
H2 0.000000 0.000000 0.000026 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
METHANOL 0.807625 0.951876 0.270188 0.000013 0.972965 0.994314
ETHANOL 0.000200 0.000236 0.000005 0.000000 0.000034 0.000059
PROPANOL 0.000130 0.000154 0.000000 0.000000 0.000001 0.000005
BUTANOL 0.000080 0.000095 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
DME 0.000639 0.000030 0.151382 0.000000 0.015511 0.000876
WATER 0.188966 0.047594 0.000197 0.999987 0.001984 0.004586
ACETONE 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
MEK 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000

Dewatering Column plus AA Grade Methanol

GBH ENTERPRISES, LTD
Dewatering Column plus AA Grade Methanol

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Dewatering Column plus AA Grade Methanol
Performance Simulation Results

Typical Crude Analysis
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 Ethanol
 Acetone
 Propanol's
 Butanol's
 Methyl Formate
 Di Methyl Ether
 Alkanes
 + Dissolved CO2, CH4
300 ppm
~10 ppm
200 ppm
80 ppm
400 ppm
100 ppm
50-100 ppm
Crude
10 ppm
20 ppm
Refined Spec

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 Characteristics
 Acetone
 Ethanol
 Acidity
 Appearance
 Hydrocarbons
 Gravity
 Minimum methanol
 PFT
 Water
 Smell
 Grade AA
 20 ppm
 10 ppm
 n/a
 Clear and no sediment
 miscibility test clear in 20 mins
 793 kg/m3
 98.5%
 60 minutes
 0.1%
 No characteristic smell.

Product Methanol Specifications
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'A' grade methanol 'AA' grade methanol IMPCA grade
methanol
Minimum
Permanganate Fading
Time (minutes)
30 30 60
Acetone (wt ppm) 30 20 30
The two key impurity specifications for methanol : are acetone
and PFT

Product Methanol Specifications
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The respective ethanol limits in the methanol product are:
'A' grade: no spec
'AA' grade: 10 wt ppm
IMPCA: 50 wt ppm
The respective water limits in the methanol product are:
'A' grade: 0.15% w/w
'AA' grade: 0.1% w/w
IMPCA: 0.1% w/w

Two Column System: Standard Design
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Three Column System: Improved Energy
Utilization
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Dewatering Column plus AA Grade Methanol Distillation

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Ammonia Plant Technology Pre-Commissioning Best Practices GBHE-APT-0102 PICKLING & PASSIVATION CONTENTS 1 PURPOSE OF THE WORK 2 CHEMICAL CONCEPT 3 TECHNICAL CONCEPT 4 WASTES & SAFETY CONCEPT 5 TARGET RESULTS 6 THE GENERAL CLEANING SEQUENCE MANAGEMENT 6.6.1 Pre-cleaning or “Physical Cleaning 6.6.2 Pre-rinsing 6.6.3 Chemical Cleaning 6.6.4 Critical Factors in Cleaning Success 6.6.5 Rinsing 6.6.6 Inspection and Re-Cleaning, if Necessary 7 Systems to be treated by Pickling/Passivation

Piping and Vessels Flushing and Cleaning Procedure

Gerard B. Hawkins

Ammonia Plant Technology Pre-Commissioning Best Practices Piping and Vessels Flushing and Cleaning Procedure CONTENTS 1 Scope 2 Aim/purpose 3 Responsibilities 4 Procedure 4.1 Main cleaning methods 4.1.1 Mechanical cleaning 4.1.2 Cleaning with air 4.1.3 Cleaning with steam (for steam networks only) 4.1.4 Cleaning with water 4.2 Choice of the cleaning method 4.3 Cleaning preparation 4.4 Protection of the devices included in the network 4.5 Protection of devices in the vicinity of the network 4.6 Water flushing procedure 4.6.1 Specific problems of water flushing 4.6.2 Preparation for water flushing 4.6.3 Performing a water flush 4.6.4 Cleanliness criteria 4.7 Air blowing procedure 4.7.1 Specific problems of air blowing 4.7.2 Preparation for air blowing 4.7.3 Performing air blowing 4.7.4 Cleanliness checks 4.8 Steam blowing procedure 4.8.1 Specific problems of steam blowing 4.8.2 Preparation for steam blowing 4.8.3 Performing steam blowing 4.8.4 Cleanliness checks 4.9 Chemical cleaning procedure 4.9.1 Specific problems of cleaning with a chemical solution 4.9.2 Preparation for chemical cleaning 4.9.3 Performing a chemical cleaning 4.9.4 Cleanliness criteria 4.10 Re-assembly - general guideline 4.11 Preservation of flushed piping

DESIGN OF VENT GAS COLLECTION AND DESTRUCTION SYSTEMS

Gerard B. Hawkins

DESIGN OF VENT GAS COLLECTION AND DESTRUCTION SYSTEMS CONTENTS 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Purpose 1.2 Scope of this Guide 1.3 Use of the Guide 2 ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES 2.1 Principal Concerns 2.2 Mechanisms for Ozone Formation 2.3 Photochemical Ozone Creation Potential 2.4 Health and Environmental Effects 2.5 Air Quality Standards for Ground Level Concentrations of Ozone, Targets for Reduction of VOC Discharges and Statutory Discharge Limits 3 VENTS REDUCTION PHILOSOPHY 3.1 Reduction at Source 3.2 End-of-pipe Treatment 4 METHODOLOGY FOR COLLECTION & ASSESSMENT OF PROCESS FLOW DATA 4.1 General 4.2 Identification of Vent Sources 4.3 Characterization of Vents 4.4 Quantification of Process Vent Flows 4.5 Component Flammability Data Collection 4.6 Identification of Operating Scenarios 4.7 Quantification of Flammability Characteristics for Combined Vents 4.8 Identification, Quantification and Assessment of Possibility of Air Ingress Routes 4.9 Tabulation of Data 4.10 Hazard Study and Risk Assessment 4.11 Note on Aqueous / Organic Wastes 4.12 Complexity of Systems 4.13 Summary 5 SAFE DESIGN OF VENT COLLECTION HEADER SYSTEMS 5.1 General 5.2 Process Design of Vent Headers 5.3 Liquid in Vent Headers 5.4 Materials of Construction 5.5 Static Electricity Hazard 5.6 Diversion Systems 5.7 Snuffing Systems 6 SAFE DESIGN OF THERMAL OXIDISERS 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Design Basis 6.3 Types of High Temperature Thermal Oxidizer 6.4 Refractories 6.5 Flue Gas Treatment 6.6 Control and Safety Systems 6.7 Project Program 6.8 Commissioning 6.9 Operational and Maintenance Management APPENDICES A GLOSSARY B FLAMMABILITY C EXAMPLE PROFORMA D REFERENCES DOCUMENTS REFERRED TO IN THIS PROCESS GUIDE TABLE 1 PHOTOCHEMICAL OZONE CREATION POTENTIAL REFERENCED TO ETHYLENE AS UNITY FIGURES 1 SCHEMATIC OF TYPICAL VENT COLLECTION AND THERMAL OXIDIZER SYSTEM 2 TYPICAL KNOCK-OUT POT WITH LUTED DRAIN 3 SCHEMATIC OF DIVERSION SYSTEM 4 CONVENTIONAL VERTICAL THERMAL OXIDIZER 5 CONVENTIONAL OXIDIZER WITH INTEGRAL WATER SPARGER 6 THERMAL OXIDIZER WITH STAGED AIR INJECTION 7 DOWN-FIRED UNIT WITH WATER BATH QUENCH 8 FLAMELESS THERMAL OXIDATION UNIT 9 THERMAL OXIDIZER WITH REGENERATIVE HEAT RECOVERY 10 TYPICAL PROJECT PROGRAM 11 TYPICAL FLAMMABILITY DIAGRAM 12 EFFECT OF DILUTION WITH AIR 13 EFFECT OF DILUTION WITH AIR ON 100 Rm³ OF FLAMMABLE GAS

PRACTICAL GUIDE ON THE SELECTION OF PROCESS TECHNOLOGY FOR THE TREATMENT OF A...

Gerard B. Hawkins

PRACTICAL GUIDE ON THE SELECTION OF PROCESS TECHNOLOGY FOR THE TREATMENT OF AQUEOUS ORGANIC EFFLUENT STREAMS CONTENTS 0 INTRODUCTION/PURPOSE 1 SCOPE 2 FIELD OF APPLICATION 3 DEFINITIONS 3.1 IPU 3.2 AOS 3.3 BODs 3.4 COD 3.5 TOC 3.6 Toxicity 3.7 Refractory Organics/Hard COD 3.8 Heavy Metals 3.9 EA 3.10 Biological Treatment Terms 3.11 BATNEEC 3.12 BPEO 3.13 EQS/LV 3.14 IPC 3.15 VOC 3.16 F/M Ratio 3.17 MLSS 3.18 MLVSS 4 DESIGN/ECONOMIC GUIDELINES 5 EUROPEAN LEGISLATION 5.1 General 5.2 Integrated Pollution Control (IPC) 5.3 Best Available Techniques Not Entailing Excessive Costs (BATNEEC) 5.4 Best Practicable Environmental Option (BPEO) 5.5 Environmental Quality Standards(EQS) 6 IPU EXIT CONCENTRATION 7 SITE/LOCAL REQUIREMENTS 8 PROCESS SELECTION PROCEDURE 8.1 Waste Minimization Techniques (WMT) 8.2 AOS Stream Definition 8.3 Technical Check List 8.4 Preliminary Selection of Suitable Technologies 8.5 Process Sequences 8.6 Economic Evaluation 8.7 Process Selection APPENDICES A DIRECTIVE 76/464/EEC - LIST 1 B DIRECTIVE 76/464/EEC - LIST 2 C THE EUROPEAN COMMISSION PRIORITY CANDIDATE LIST D THE UK RED LIST E CURRENT VALUES FOR EUROPEAN COMMUNITY ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY STANDARDS AND CORRESPONDING LIMIT VALUES F ESTABLISHED TECHNOLOGIES G EMERGING TECHNOLOGY H PROPRIETARY/LESS COMMON TECHNOLOGIES J COMPARATIVE COST DATA

PRACTICAL GUIDE ON THE REDUCTION OF DISCHARGES TO ATMOSPHERE OF VOLATILE ORGA...

Gerard B. Hawkins

PRACTICAL GUIDE ON THE REDUCTION OF DISCHARGES TO ATMOSPHERE OF VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS (VOCs) FOREWORD CONTENTS 1 INTRODUCTION 2 THE NEED FOR VOC CONTROL 3 CONTROL AT SOURCE 3.1 Choice or Solvent 3.2 Venting Arrangements 3.3 Nitrogen Blanketing 3.4 Pump Versus Pneumatic Transfer 3.5 Batch Charging 3.6 Reduction of Volumetric Flow 3.7 Stock Tank Design 4 DISCHARGE MEASUREMENT 4.1 By Inference or Calculation 4.2 Flow Monitoring Equipment 4.3 Analytical Instruments 4.4 Vent Emissions Database 5 ABATEMENT TECHNOLOGY 5.1 Available Options 5.2 Selection of Preferred Option 5.3 Condensation 5.4 Adsorption 5.5 Absorption 5.6 Thermal Incineration 5.7 Catalytic Oxidation 5.8 Biological Filtration 5.9 Combinations of Process technologies 5.10 Processes Under Development 6 GLOSSARY OF TERMS 7 REFERENCES Appendix 1. Photochemical Ozone Creation Potentials Appendix 2. Examples of Adsorption Preliminary Calculations Appendix 3. Example of Thermal Incineration Heat and Mass Balance Appendix 4. Cost Correlations

Getting the Most Out of Your Refinery Hydrogen Plant

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EMERGENCY ISOLATION OF CHEMICAL PLANTS

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EMERGENCY ISOLATION OF CHEMICAL PLANTS CONTENTS 1 Introduction 2 When should Emergency Isolation Valves be Installed 3 Emergency Isolation Valves and Associated Equipment 3.1 Installations on existing plant 3.2 Actuators 3.3 Power to close or power to open 3.4 The need for testing 3.5 Hand operated Emergency Valves 3.6 The need to stop pumps in an emergency 3.7 Location of Operating Buttons 3.8 Use of control valves for Isolation 4 Detection of Leaks and Fires 5 Precautions during Maintenance 6 Training Operators to use Emergency Isolation Valves 7 Emergency Isolation when no remotely operated valve is available References Glossary Appendix I Some Fires or Serious Escapes of Flammable Gases or Liquids that could have been controlled by Emergency Isolation Valves Appendix II Some typical Installations

PRACTICAL GUIDE TO DEVELOPING PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAMS AND PRELIMINARY ENGINEER...

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PRACTICAL GUIDE TO DEVELOPING PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAMS AND PRELIMINARY ENGINEERING LINE DIAGRAMS PROCESS CONTENTS 1 INTRODUCTION 2 DESCRIPTION OF METHODOLOGY 2.1 Philosophy of the Design Process 2.2 Outline of Methodology 2.3 Additional Aspects of Methodology 3 WORKBOOK 4 EXAMPLE: BATCH NEUTRALIZATION AND STRIPPING PROCESS 4.1 Start of Stage 1 4.2 Stage 1 4.3 Stage 2 4.3 Stage 3 5 REFERENCES TABLES 1 DESIGN OBJECTIVES 2 OUTPUT FROM EACH STAGE 3 STEP BY STEP APPROACH 4 FUNCTION 5 OPERATION 6 FAILURES 7 STAGE 3 PROMPTS (DATA SHEET) 8 PRELIMINARY MASS BALANCE 9 PRELIMINARY EQUIPMENT LIST 10 POTENTIAL PROBLEMS 11 STAGE 2: DEVELOPMENT OF OPERATING STATES AND TRANSMISSIONS 12 POTENTIAL PROBLEMS FIGURES 1 DESIGN PROCESS 2 DESIGN PHILOSOPHY. 3 SUMMARY OF METHODOLOGY 4 POSSIBLE OUTCOMES FROM A KEYWORD PROMPT 5 OPERATING STATES 6 OPERATING STATES/TRANSITIONS 7 EXAMPLE: OVERALL BLOCK DIAGRAM 8 EXAMPLE: “PRIMITIVE PFD” 9 EXAMPLE: STAGE 1 “WORKING DIAGRAM”. 10 EXAMPLE: MAIN OPERATING STATES AND TRANSITIONS 11 EXAMPLE: DETAILED PFD (END OF STAGE 1) 12 EXAMPLE: STAGE 2 “WORKING DIAGRAM” 13 EXAMPLE: STAGE 3 “REV 0” ELD

Purificación – Mecanismos de Reacción

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Amine Gas Treating Unit - Best Practices - Troubleshooting Guide

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Amine Gas Treating Unit Best Practices - Troubleshooting Guide for H2S/CO2 Amine Systems Contents Process Capabilities for gas treating process Typical Amine Treating Typical Amine System Improvements Primary Equipment Overview Inlet Gas Knockout Absorber Three Phase Flash Tank Lean/Rich Heat Exchanger Regenerator Filtration Amine Reclaimer Operating Difficulties Overview Foaming Failure to Meet Gas Specification Solvent Losses Corrosion Typical Amine System Improvements Degradation of Amines and Alkanolamines during Sour Gas Treating APPENDIX Best Practices - Troubleshooting Guide

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Dewatering Column plus AA Grade Methanol Distillation

1. Dewatering Column plus AA Grade Methanol Distillation Case Study #06250414GBH WWW.GBHENTERPRISES.COM

2. Dewatering Column WWW.GBHENTERPRISES.COM

3. Dewatering Column: Design Basis WWW.GBHENTERPRISES.COM Feed Product O/H Vapor Bottoms Prim Cond Liq Sec Cond Liq Temperature C 80.0 77.9 45.0 123.3 45.0 74.3 Pressure bar 2.0 1.6 1.3 2.2 2.0 1.5 Vapor Frac 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Mole Flow kmol/hr 6932.2 5313.4 19.8 1599.0 1595.3 6762.6 Mass Flow kg/hr 193795 164203 786 28806 51411 215987 Mole Flow kmol/hr CH4 0.35 0.00 0.35 0.00 0.08 0.00 CO2 10.26 0.06 10.20 0.00 11.07 0.79 CO 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 N2 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 H2 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 METHANOL 4884.63 4877.99 6.63 0.01 1561.10 6702.38 ETHANOL 0.84 0.84 0.00 0.00 0.04 0.28 PROPANOL 0.42 0.42 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.02 BUTANOL 0.21 0.21 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 DME 2.69 0.11 2.58 0.00 17.31 4.11 WATER 2032.76 433.80 0.01 1598.95 5.66 54.98 ACETONE 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 MEK 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 MF 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Mass Frac CH4 0.000029 0.000000 0.007131 0.000000 0.000025 0.000000 CO2 0.002330 0.000016 0.571071 0.000000 0.009479 0.000160 CO 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 N2 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 H2 0.000000 0.000000 0.000026 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 METHANOL 0.807625 0.951876 0.270188 0.000013 0.972965 0.994314 ETHANOL 0.000200 0.000236 0.000005 0.000000 0.000034 0.000059 PROPANOL 0.000130 0.000154 0.000000 0.000000 0.000001 0.000005 BUTANOL 0.000080 0.000095 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 DME 0.000639 0.000030 0.151382 0.000000 0.015511 0.000876 WATER 0.188966 0.047594 0.000197 0.999987 0.001984 0.004586 ACETONE 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 MEK 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000

4. Dewatering Column plus AA Grade Methanol

5. GBH ENTERPRISES, LTD Dewatering Column plus AA Grade Methanol

6. GBH ENTERPRISES, LTD Dewatering Column plus AA Grade Methanol

7. WWW.GBHENTERPRISES.COM Dewatering Column plus AA Grade Methanol Performance Simulation Results

8. WWW.GBHENTERPRISES.COM APPENDIX

9. Typical Crude Analysis WWW.GBHENTERPRISES.COM  Ethanol  Acetone  Propanol's  Butanol's  Methyl Formate  Di Methyl Ether  Alkanes  + Dissolved CO2, CH4 300 ppm ~10 ppm 200 ppm 80 ppm 400 ppm 100 ppm 50-100 ppm Crude 10 ppm 20 ppm Refined Spec

10. WWW.GBHENTERPRISES.COM  Characteristics  Acetone  Ethanol  Acidity  Appearance  Hydrocarbons  Gravity  Minimum methanol  PFT  Water  Smell  Grade AA  20 ppm  10 ppm  n/a  Clear and no sediment  miscibility test clear in 20 mins  793 kg/m3  98.5%  60 minutes  0.1%  No characteristic smell.

11. Product Methanol Specifications WWW.GBHENTERPRISES.COM 'A' grade methanol 'AA' grade methanol IMPCA grade methanol Minimum Permanganate Fading Time (minutes) 30 30 60 Acetone (wt ppm) 30 20 30 The two key impurity specifications for methanol : are acetone and PFT

12. Product Methanol Specifications WWW.GBHENTERPRISES.COM The respective ethanol limits in the methanol product are: 'A' grade: no spec 'AA' grade: 10 wt ppm IMPCA: 50 wt ppm The respective water limits in the methanol product are: 'A' grade: 0.15% w/w 'AA' grade: 0.1% w/w IMPCA: 0.1% w/w

13. Two Column System: Standard Design WWW.GBHENTERPRISES.COM

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