The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Amelogenesis is the formation of enamel. During amelogenesis, the ameloblast (enamel-forming cells) undergo various stages i.e the life cycle of ameloblast.
For more content check out my blog: www.rkharitha.wordpress.com "a little about everything dental"
Amelogenesis is the formation of enamel. During amelogenesis, the ameloblast (enamel-forming cells) undergo various stages i.e the life cycle of ameloblast.
For more content check out my blog: www.rkharitha.wordpress.com "a little about everything dental"
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
STRUCTURE OF ENAMEL
DEVELOPMENT OF ENAMEL
EPITHELIAL ENAMEL ORGAN
AMELOGENESIS
LIFE CYCLE OF AMELOBLASTS
AGE CHANGES IN ENAMEL
DEFECTS OF AMELOGENESIS
CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS
MANDIBULAR ANATOMICAL LANDMARKS
PRESENTED BY
ROSHALMARIA THOMAS
IV/II
THE ANATOMY OF EDENTULOUS RIDGES IN THE MAXILLA AND MANDIBLE IS VERY IMPORTANT FOR THE DESIGN OF THE COMPLETE DENTURE
THE TOTAL AREA OF SUPPORT FROM THE MANDIBLE IS SIGNIFICANTLY LESS THAN FROM THE MAXILLA.
THE AVERAGE AVAILABLE DENTURE BEARING AREA FOR AN EDENTULOUS MANDIBLE IS 14cm2 , WHEREAS FOR EDENTULOS MAXILLA IT IS 24cm2. THEREFORE THE MANDIBLE IS LESS CAPABLE OF RESISTING OCCLUSAL FORCES THAN THE MAXILLA.
Labial frenum
Fibrous band
Muscles incisivus and orbicularis oris
Active
Labial vestibule
Space between residual alveolar ridge and lips
Length and thickness of labial flange-influences lip support and retention
Buccal frenum
Overlies depressor anguli oris
Fibers of buccinators attached
Buccal vestibule
Extends- posteriorly from buccal frenum to retromolar pad region
Residual alveolar ridge on one side and buccinators on other
Influenced by action of masseter
Lingual frenum
Should be relieved
High lingual frenum is called tongue tie –affects stability
Alveololingual sulcus
Extends from lingual frenum to retromylohyoid curtain
Divided into 3 parts- anterior, middle and posterior
Anterior region- from lingual frenum to premylohyoid fossa
Flange is shorter anteriorly and should touch the floorof the mouth whentip of tongue touches upper incisors
Middle- extends from premylohyoid fossa to distal end of mylohyoid ridge
Shallower due to prominence of mylohyoid ridge and action of mylohyoid muscle
Posterior- retromylohyoid fossa
Typical S form of lingual sulcus
Retromolar pad
Posterior seal of mandibular denture
Pear shaped
Triangular keratinized soft pad of tissue at distal end of ridge
Bounded posteriorly by tendons of temporalis, laterally by buccinators and medially by pterygomandibular raphe and superior constrictor
Denture should extend one half to two thirds of retromolar pad
Buccal shelf area
Area between buccal frenum and anterior border of masseter
Width increases as resorption continues
Lies at right angles to occlusal forces- primary stress bearing area
Residual alveolar ridge
Edentulous mandible may become flat with concave denture bearing surface
In such cases, structures attaching on lingual side of ridge attach over the ridge
Due to resorption mandible inclines outwards and becomes progressively wider
Mylohyoid ridge
Runs along lingual surface of mandible
Anteriorly lies close to inferior border of mandible, posteriorly lies flush along the ridge
Thin mucosa- easily traumatized- hence should be relieved
Undercut present under the ridge
Mental foramen
Between first and second premolar region
Relieved- as pressure may cause paresthesia
Genial tubercles
Pair of bony tubercles
Present anteriorly on lingual side of body of mandible
Due to resorption may become increasingly prominent- denture usage difficult
Central face begins to develop by 4th week, when olfactory placodes appear on both sides of the frontonasal process.
Gradually both placodes develop to form the median and lateral nasal process.
Upper lip is formed by 6th week by fusion of two median nasal processes in midline and the maxilllary process of the 1st branchial arch.
PRE-NATAL GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF PALATEFormation of primary and secondary palate
Elevation of palatal shelves
Fusion of palatal shelves
Difference between primary and permanent teethprincesoni3954
The presentation features the basic difference between primary and permanent dentition. The differences are tabulated under the headings of crown, roor and pulp.
It is a presentation in detail about the strongest structure of the oral cavity "ENAMEL". It is a simple topic but people find it difficult to learn about it. I hope my presentation is a simple method to learn about it. I would like to thank my professors for assign me this project and i learn't a lot from it and still learning my basics daily.
Denture base considerations/certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian den...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
STRUCTURE OF ENAMEL
DEVELOPMENT OF ENAMEL
EPITHELIAL ENAMEL ORGAN
AMELOGENESIS
LIFE CYCLE OF AMELOBLASTS
AGE CHANGES IN ENAMEL
DEFECTS OF AMELOGENESIS
CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS
MANDIBULAR ANATOMICAL LANDMARKS
PRESENTED BY
ROSHALMARIA THOMAS
IV/II
THE ANATOMY OF EDENTULOUS RIDGES IN THE MAXILLA AND MANDIBLE IS VERY IMPORTANT FOR THE DESIGN OF THE COMPLETE DENTURE
THE TOTAL AREA OF SUPPORT FROM THE MANDIBLE IS SIGNIFICANTLY LESS THAN FROM THE MAXILLA.
THE AVERAGE AVAILABLE DENTURE BEARING AREA FOR AN EDENTULOUS MANDIBLE IS 14cm2 , WHEREAS FOR EDENTULOS MAXILLA IT IS 24cm2. THEREFORE THE MANDIBLE IS LESS CAPABLE OF RESISTING OCCLUSAL FORCES THAN THE MAXILLA.
Labial frenum
Fibrous band
Muscles incisivus and orbicularis oris
Active
Labial vestibule
Space between residual alveolar ridge and lips
Length and thickness of labial flange-influences lip support and retention
Buccal frenum
Overlies depressor anguli oris
Fibers of buccinators attached
Buccal vestibule
Extends- posteriorly from buccal frenum to retromolar pad region
Residual alveolar ridge on one side and buccinators on other
Influenced by action of masseter
Lingual frenum
Should be relieved
High lingual frenum is called tongue tie –affects stability
Alveololingual sulcus
Extends from lingual frenum to retromylohyoid curtain
Divided into 3 parts- anterior, middle and posterior
Anterior region- from lingual frenum to premylohyoid fossa
Flange is shorter anteriorly and should touch the floorof the mouth whentip of tongue touches upper incisors
Middle- extends from premylohyoid fossa to distal end of mylohyoid ridge
Shallower due to prominence of mylohyoid ridge and action of mylohyoid muscle
Posterior- retromylohyoid fossa
Typical S form of lingual sulcus
Retromolar pad
Posterior seal of mandibular denture
Pear shaped
Triangular keratinized soft pad of tissue at distal end of ridge
Bounded posteriorly by tendons of temporalis, laterally by buccinators and medially by pterygomandibular raphe and superior constrictor
Denture should extend one half to two thirds of retromolar pad
Buccal shelf area
Area between buccal frenum and anterior border of masseter
Width increases as resorption continues
Lies at right angles to occlusal forces- primary stress bearing area
Residual alveolar ridge
Edentulous mandible may become flat with concave denture bearing surface
In such cases, structures attaching on lingual side of ridge attach over the ridge
Due to resorption mandible inclines outwards and becomes progressively wider
Mylohyoid ridge
Runs along lingual surface of mandible
Anteriorly lies close to inferior border of mandible, posteriorly lies flush along the ridge
Thin mucosa- easily traumatized- hence should be relieved
Undercut present under the ridge
Mental foramen
Between first and second premolar region
Relieved- as pressure may cause paresthesia
Genial tubercles
Pair of bony tubercles
Present anteriorly on lingual side of body of mandible
Due to resorption may become increasingly prominent- denture usage difficult
Central face begins to develop by 4th week, when olfactory placodes appear on both sides of the frontonasal process.
Gradually both placodes develop to form the median and lateral nasal process.
Upper lip is formed by 6th week by fusion of two median nasal processes in midline and the maxilllary process of the 1st branchial arch.
PRE-NATAL GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF PALATEFormation of primary and secondary palate
Elevation of palatal shelves
Fusion of palatal shelves
Difference between primary and permanent teethprincesoni3954
The presentation features the basic difference between primary and permanent dentition. The differences are tabulated under the headings of crown, roor and pulp.
It is a presentation in detail about the strongest structure of the oral cavity "ENAMEL". It is a simple topic but people find it difficult to learn about it. I hope my presentation is a simple method to learn about it. I would like to thank my professors for assign me this project and i learn't a lot from it and still learning my basics daily.
Denture base considerations/certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian den...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Development of tongue and its salivary glands /cosmetic dentistry coursesIndian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
recent advances in testing and evaluation in prosthodontics/fixed orthodontic...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Development of tongue and its salivary glands/prosthodontic coursesIndian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Implant supported maxillofacial prosthesis/cosmetic dentistry coursesIndian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Denture base and teeth /orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Immediate loading of implant supported over dentures using / dental implant c...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Development of tongue and its salivary glands / dental implant coursesIndian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Development of tongue and its salivary glands /certified fixed orthodontic co...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Tongue seminar presentation (2) /certified fixed orthodontic courses by India...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Similar to Development of tongue and salivary glands/endodontic courses (20)
Opportunity for Dentists (BDS/MDS )to relocate to United kingdom -Register as a DENTAL HYGIENIST/ DENTAL THERAPIST without Board exams and after approval you can register in GDC as a DH/DT and start working as a DH/DT Immediately and get paid.
You can complete the whole process in 3-4 months.Salary range for DH/DT is around 2500-3500 Pounds per month.
Eligibility / requirements-
1. An International English Language Testing System (IELTS) certificate
at the appropriate level.(Within 2 yrs of application date )
2: A recent primary dental qualification that has been taught and examined in English..(Within 2 yrs of application date )
3: A recent pass in a language test for registration with a regulatory authority in a country where the first language is English.
If you are interested Please contact us for more details.
1ST, 2ND AND 3RD ORDER BENDS IN STANDARD EDGEWISE APPLIANCE SYSTEM /Fixed ort...Indian dental academy
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals
who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry,
Periodontics and General Dentistry.
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I –Aligners are made with FDA approved transparent thermoplastic materials using 3D scanning, 3D Printing and finally Trays with Pressure vacuum formers.
Dear Doctor,
Indian Dental Academy Now offers comprehensive online Orthodontics course.
Course includes:
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4.Demo on Models
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6. subtitles in your own language
12 months unlimited access and support @350 USD only.
For Demo please visit :www.idalectures.com/preview/
For more details visit: www.idalectures.com
Please contact us for any clarifications:
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Thanks & Regards
Indian Dental Academy
--
Indian Dental Academy
Leader in continuing dental education
www.indiandentalacademy.com
skype:indiandentalacademy
+919248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Cytotoxicity of silicone materials used in maxillofacial prosthesis / dental ...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
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The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
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The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
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The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
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http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
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Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
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Development of tongue and salivary glands/endodontic courses
1. GROWTH AND
DEVELOPMENT OF TONGUE
AND SALIVARY GLANDS
INDIAN DENTAL ACADEMY
Leader in continuing Dental Education
www.indiandentalacademy.com
2. CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION
DEFINITION OF GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT
DEVELOPMENT OF TONGUE
ANOMALIES OF TONGUE
DEVELOPMENT OF SALIVARY GLANDS
ANOMALIES OF SALIVARY GLANDS
PROSTHODONTIC CONSIDERATATIONS
SUMMARY
REFERENCES
www.indiandentalacademy.com
3. Introduction
Tongue is a muscular organ in the floor of the
mouth associated with a function of taste,
speech, mastication and deglutition.
The tongue also influence the path of eruption of
teeth.
The salivary glands are important organs of oral
cavity which produces saliva, essential fluid
required for normal mastication, swallowing and
digestion.
Hence it is essential to study the growth and
development of tongue and salivary gland.
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4. Definition of growth:
Krogman : Increase in size, change in proportion
and progressive complexity.
Todd: An increase in size.
Moyers: Quantitative aspect of biological
development per unit time.
Definitions of development:
Todd: Development is progress towards maturity.
Moyers: Development refers to all the naturally
occurring unidirectional changes in the life of an
individual from its existence as a single cell to its
eloboration as a multifactorial unit terminating in
death. Thus, it encompasses the normal sequential
events between fertilization and death.
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6. During the early 4th
week of I.U.L. the lateral part
of mesoderm of ventral foregut region becomes
segmented to form a series of 5 distinct bilateral
mesenchymal swellings called as pharyngeal
arches.
Pharyngeal clefts: Arches are seperated by
deep grooves called pharyngeal clefts.
Pharyngeal pouch: are outpocketings appearing
along the most cranial part of foregut.
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8. DEVELOPMENT OF TONGUE
Tongue arises from the ventromedial wall of the
primitive oropharynx from the inner lining of the
first four branchial arches.
Development of tongue can be studied under
the following headings
Anterior 2/3rd
(or the body of tongue)
Posterior 1/3rd
(base of the tongue)
Musculature and connective tissue
Papillae and taste buds.
The nerve supply
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11. Anterior 2/3rd
of the tongue
During the 4th
week of IUL, paired lateral swellings
appear on the internal aspect of the 1st
brachial arches
Tuberculum impar is a median
eminence whose caudal end has a pit called the
foremen caecum
These lateral swellings rapidly enlarge, merge with each
other and overgrow the tuberculum impar to form the
body of the tongue
A U shaped sulcus, the linguogingival groove develops in
front of the oral part, which allows it to be free and highly
mobile except at the region of the lingual frenum where
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12. Posterior 1/3rd
of the tongue
The base of the tongue is initially indicated by two
midline elevations that develop caudal to the foremen
caecum
The copula
The hypobrachial eminence
As the tongue develops, the hypobranchial
eminence,overgrows the second branchial arch to
become continous with the body of the tongue. The
site of union b/w the the body and base of the tongue is
delineated by a V shaped groove, called the sulcus
terminalis.
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13. Musculature and connective tissue
Branchial arch mesenchyme forms the
connective tissue and the lymphatic and
the blood vessels of the tongue
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14. Tongue musculature`
During the 5th
to 7th
week of the IUL, 3-4
occipital myotomes,
migrate anteriorly to
form the musculature
of the tongue.
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15. Papillae of the tongue
Papillae are projections of mucous membrane
on the dorsum of the tongue
Circumvalate papillae
Fungiform papillae
Filliform papillae
Foliate papillae
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16. Taste buds
Taste buds are located on the dorsum of
the tongue and are associated with the
papillae
Taste buds appear around 8th
week of IUL
Taste buds arise by inductive interaction
b/w the epithelial cells and the invading
gustatory nerve cells
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17. Nerve supply of the tongue
Development of tongue from the branchial arch explains
its nerve supply
Sensory supply
Ant 2/3rd
-Lingual nerve for general sensation.chorda
tympani for the special sensation
Post 1/3r
Glossopharyngeal nerve
Posterior most part -vagus nerve
Motor supply
All the intrinsic and extrinsic muscles except the
palatoglossus are supplied by the hypoglossal nerve.
Palatoglossus –pharyngeal plexus
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19. Arterial supply:
It is chiefly derived from the lingual artery a branch of
external carotid artery. The root of the tongue is also
supplied by tonsillar and ascending pharyngeal artery.
Venous drainage:
The deep lingual vein is the principal vein of the tongue.
Lymphatic drainage:
The tip of the tongue drains into submental nodes. The
remaining part of the anterior 2/3rd
drains into the
submandibular nodes. The posterior 1/3rd
of the tongue
drains into jugulo-omohyoid nodes
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21. Structure of the tongue
The bulk of the
tongue is made of
muscles
Intrinsic muscles
Extrinsic muscles
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22. The oral part of the
dorsum of the tongue has
numerous papillae
associated with the taste
buds.
The pharyngeal part of
the dorsum of the tongue
is rich in lymphoid
follicles that is collectively
called the lingual tonsil.
Mucous glands are also
present.
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23. The inferior surface of the
tongue shows the
frenulum linguae,deep
lingual veins and the plica
fimbriata
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24. The entire tongue is in the mouth at birth .Its
post 1/3rd
desends into the pharynx by the age of
4yrs. The tongue normally doubles in
length,breadth and thickness from birth to
adolesence reaching maximal size at about
8yrs.
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25. ANOMILIES OF THE TONGUE
Aglossia
Microglossia
Macroglossia
Bifid tongue
Ankyloglossia
Lingual thyroid
Fissured tongue
Median rhomboid glossitis
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31. DEVELOPMENT OF SALIVARY GLAND
All salivary glands show a similar pattern of development
They originate from oral epithelial buds invading the
underlying mesenchyme.
The origin of epithelial bud is belived to be ectodermal in
parotid and minor saliavary gland and endodermal in
submandibular and sublingual glands.
The connective tissue stroma and blood vessels form
from the mesenchyme
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32. GLAND ORIGIN I.U.LIFE
PAROTID GLAND CORNERS OF THE
STOMODEUM
6TH
WEEK
SUBMANDIBULAR
GLAND
FLOOR OF THE
MOUTH
END OF 6TH
WEEK
SUB LINGUAL
GLAND
LATERAL TO
SUBMANDIBULAR
PRIMORDIUM
8TH
WEEK
MINOR SALIVARY
GLAND
BUCCAL
EPITHELIUM
12TH
WEEK
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36. STAGE III: Initiation
of branching in
terminal parts of
epithelial cord and
continuation of
glandular
differentiation
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41. Terminal tubules – intercalated ducts
Striated ducts
Intracalated ducts
Myoepithelial cells
Full differentiation of functional secretory
components is apparent at birth but its not
complete until the onset of solid diet and the
presence of masticatory stimuli
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43. GLAND LOCATION DUCT SECRETION
Parotid Ant to the
external acoustic
meatus
Stensons duct Purely serous
Submandibular Submandibular
triangle
Whartons duct Predominantly
serous
Sublingual Floor of the
mouth
Bartholins duct Predominantly
mucous
Minor salivary
glands
Beneath the
epithelium
Directly into the
mouth
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47. Prosthodontic considerations
Tongue plays an important role in the stability of lower
denture.
Macroglossia – Stability of the denture is
reduced,hence Surgical
trimming is indicated Microglossia –
Inadequate lingual seal. Bifid tongue
- Surgical reconstruction is required.
Ankyloglossia – Poor registration of the lingual
seal. Frenectomy is indicated.
Aplasia - Denture produces
soreness and irritation Lack
of retention of the denture www.indiandentalacademy.com
48. Tongue position is important to the prognosis of
mandibular denture:
Wright classification of tongue position:
Class I : The tongue lies in the floor of the mouth with
the tip forward and slightly below the incisal edges of the
mandibular anterior teeth. Class I position is ideal for
construction of mandibular denture.
Class II: The tongue is flattened and broadened but the
tip is in a normal position.
Class III: The tongue is retracted and depressed into the
floor of the mouth with the tip curled upward, downward
or assimilated into the body of the tongue.
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49. SUMMARY
The tongue develops from the first 4
branchial arches.
Salivary gland originate from the oral
epithelial buds invading the underlying
mesenchyme.
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50. REFERENCES
Chaurasia B.D. – Human Anatomy, 3rd Edition, 1996
James K.Avery, ‘Oral Development and Histology’, ed.1,Balteimor,
1990, B.C.Decker.
Keith L. Moore – Clinically oriented anatomy. 3rd
edition.
Moore & Persaud – The Developing Human, Clinically Oriented
Embryology, 5th Edition, 1993.
Murray Brooker – Clinical embryology: A color atlas and text.
Shafer W.G. – Text Book of Oral Pathology, 4th
Edition, 1983
Sperber G.H. – Craniofacial Embryology, 4th Edition, 1989.
Tencate A.R. – Oral Histology, 3rd Edition, 1989
Sheldon Winkler – Essentials of complete denture prosthodontics.
2nd
edition.
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