Presentation dev of-tongue/cosmetic dentistry courses
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Presentation dev of-tongue/cosmetic dentistry courses
- 1. GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF TONGUE AND SALIVARY GLANDS www.indiandentalacademy.com INDIAN DENTAL ACADEMY Leader in continuing Dental Education
- 2. CONTENTS INTRODUCTION DEFINITION OF GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT DEVELOPMENT OF TONGUE ANOMALIES OF TONGUE DEVELOPMENT OF SALIVARY GLANDS ANOMALIES OF SALIVARY GLANDS PROSTHODONTIC CONSIDERATATIONS SUMMARY REFERENCES www.indiandentalacademy.com
- 3. Introduction • Tongue is a muscular organ in the floor of the mouth associated with a function of taste, speech, mastication and deglutition. • The tongue also influence the path of eruption of teeth. • The salivary glands are important organs of oral cavity which produces saliva, essential fluid required for normal mastication, swallowing and digestion. • Hence it is essential to study the growth and development of tongue and salivary gland. www.indiandentalacademy.com
- 4. Definition of growth: • Krogman : Increase in size, change in proportion and progressive complexity. • Todd: An increase in size. • Moyers: Quantitative aspect of biological development per unit time. Definitions of development: • Todd: Development is progress towards maturity. • Moyers: Development refers to all the naturally occurring unidirectional changes in the life of an individual from its existence as a single cell to its eloboration as a multifactorial unit terminating in death. Thus, it encompasses the normal sequential events between fertilization and death.www.indiandentalacademy.com
- 6. • During the early 4th week of I.U.L. the lateral part of mesoderm of ventral foregut region becomes segmented to form a series of 5 distinct bilateral mesenchymal swellings called as pharyngeal arches. • Pharyngeal clefts: Arches are seperated by deep grooves called pharyngeal clefts. • Pharyngeal pouch: are outpocketings appearing along the most cranial part of foregut. www.indiandentalacademy.com
- 8. DEVELOPMENT OF TONGUE • Tongue arises from the ventromedial wall of the primitive oropharynx from the inner lining of the first four branchial arches. • Development of tongue can be studied under the following headings – Anterior 2/3rd (or the body of tongue) – Posterior 1/3rd (base of the tongue) – Musculature and connective tissue – Papillae and taste buds. – The nerve supply www.indiandentalacademy.com
- 11. Anterior 2/3rd of the tongue • During the 4th week of IUL, paired lateral swellings appear on the internal aspect of the 1st brachial arches Tuberculum impar is a median eminence whose caudal end has a pit called the foremen caecum • These lateral swellings rapidly enlarge, merge with each other and overgrow the tuberculum impar to form the body of the tongue • A U shaped sulcus, the linguogingival groove develops in front of the oral part, which allows it to be free and highly mobile except at the region of the lingual frenum wherewww.indiandentalacademy.com
- 12. Posterior 1/3rd of the tongue • The base of the tongue is initially indicated by two midline elevations that develop caudal to the foremen caecum • The copula • The hypobrachial eminence • As the tongue develops, the hypobranchial eminence,overgrows the second branchial arch to become continous with the body of the tongue. The site of union b/w the the body and base of the tongue is delineated by a V shaped groove, called the sulcus terminalis. www.indiandentalacademy.com
- 13. Musculature and connective tissue • Branchial arch mesenchyme forms the connective tissue and the lymphatic and the blood vessels of the tongue www.indiandentalacademy.com
- 14. • During the early 4th week of I.U.L. the lateral part of mesoderm of ventral foregut region becomes segmented to form a series of 5 distinct bilateral mesenchymal swellings called as pharyngeal arches. • Pharyngeal clefts: Arches are seperated by deep grooves called pharyngeal clefts. • Pharyngeal pouch: are outpocketings appearing along the most cranial part of foregut. www.indiandentalacademy.com
- 16. DEVELOPMENT OF TONGUE • Tongue arises from the ventromedial wall of the primitive oropharynx from the inner lining of the first four branchial arches. • Development of tongue can be studied under the following headings – Anterior 2/3rd (or the body of tongue) – Posterior 1/3rd (base of the tongue) – Musculature and connective tissue – Papillae and taste buds. – The nerve supply www.indiandentalacademy.com
- 19. Anterior 2/3rd of the tongue • During the 4th week of IUL, paired lateral swellings appear on the internal aspect of the 1st brachial arches Tuberculum impar is a median eminence whose caudal end has a pit called the foremen caecum • These lateral swellings rapidly enlarge, merge with each other and overgrow the tuberculum impar to form the body of the tongue • A U shaped sulcus, the linguogingival groove develops in front of the oral part, which allows it to be free and highly mobile except at the region of the lingual frenum wherewww.indiandentalacademy.com
- 20. Posterior 1/3rd of the tongue • The base of the tongue is initially indicated by two midline elevations that develop caudal to the foremen caecum • The copula • The hypobrachial eminence • As the tongue develops, the hypobranchial eminence,overgrows the second branchial arch to become continous with the body of the tongue. The site of union b/w the the body and base of the tongue is delineated by a V shaped groove, called the sulcus terminalis. www.indiandentalacademy.com
- 21. Musculature and connective tissue • Branchial arch mesenchyme forms the connective tissue and the lymphatic and the blood vessels of the tongue www.indiandentalacademy.com
- 22. Tongue musculature` • During the 5th to 7th week of the IUL, 3-4 occipital myotomes, migrate anteriorly to form the musculature of the tongue. www.indiandentalacademy.com
- 23. Papillae of the tongue • Papillae are projections of mucous membrane on the dorsum of the tongue Circumvalate papillae Fungiform papillae Filliform papillae Foliate papillae www.indiandentalacademy.com
- 24. Taste buds • Taste buds are located on the dorsum of the tongue and are associated with the papillae Taste buds appear around 8th week of IUL Taste buds arise by inductive interaction b/w the epithelial cells and the invading gustatory nerve cells www.indiandentalacademy.com
- 25. Nerve supply of the tongue • Development of tongue from the branchial arch explains its nerve supply Sensory supply Ant 2/3rd -Lingual nerve for general sensation.chorda tympani for the special sensation Post 1/3r Glossopharyngeal nerve Posterior most part -vagus nerve Motor supply All the intrinsic and extrinsic muscles except the palatoglossus are supplied by the hypoglossal nerve. Palatoglossus –pharyngeal plexus www.indiandentalacademy.com
- 27. Arterial supply: It is chiefly derived from the lingual artery a branch of external carotid artery. The root of the tongue is also supplied by tonsillar and ascending pharyngeal artery. Venous drainage: The deep lingual vein is the principal vein of the tongue. Lymphatic drainage: The tip of the tongue drains into submental nodes. The remaining part of the anterior 2/3rd drains into the submandibular nodes. The posterior 1/3rd of the tongue drains into jugulo-omohyoid nodeswww.indiandentalacademy.com
- 29. Structure of the tongue • The bulk of the tongue is made of muscles • Intrinsic muscles • Extrinsic muscles www.indiandentalacademy.com
- 30. • The oral part of the dorsum of the tongue has numerous papillae associated with the taste buds. • The pharyngeal part of the dorsum of the tongue is rich in lymphoid follicles that is collectively called the lingual tonsil. Mucous glands are also present. www.indiandentalacademy.com
- 31. • The inferior surface of the tongue shows the frenulum linguae,deep lingual veins and the plica fimbriata www.indiandentalacademy.com
- 32. • The entire tongue is in the mouth at birth .Its post 1/3rd desends into the pharynx by the age of 4yrs. The tongue normally doubles in length,breadth and thickness from birth to adolesence reaching maximal size at about 8yrs. www.indiandentalacademy.com
- 33. ANOMILIES OF THE TONGUE • Aglossia • Microglossia • Macroglossia • Bifid tongue • Ankyloglossia • Lingual thyroid • Fissured tongue • Median rhomboid glossitis www.indiandentalacademy.com
- 38. • The oral part of the dorsum of the tongue has numerous papillae associated with the taste buds. • The pharyngeal part of the dorsum of the tongue is rich in lymphoid follicles that is collectively called the lingual tonsil. Mucous glands are also present. www.indiandentalacademy.com
- 39. • The inferior surface of the tongue shows the frenulum linguae,deep lingual veins and the plica fimbriata www.indiandentalacademy.com
- 40. • The entire tongue is in the mouth at birth .Its post 1/3rd desends into the pharynx by the age of 4yrs. The tongue normally doubles in length,breadth and thickness from birth to adolesence reaching maximal size at about 8yrs. www.indiandentalacademy.com
- 41. ANOMILIES OF THE TONGUE • Aglossia • Microglossia • Macroglossia • Bifid tongue • Ankyloglossia • Lingual thyroid • Fissured tongue • Median rhomboid glossitis www.indiandentalacademy.com