A research proposal outlines the key elements of a proposed research study, including the problem statement, literature review, hypotheses, methodology, and timeline. It provides a basis for evaluation of the proposed project and guidance for the researcher. The main components of a research proposal are an introduction outlining the problem, a literature review, statement of hypotheses, definition of key terms, methodology describing the design, sample, data collection and analysis, timeline, budget, and bibliography. A good proposal is informative, self-sufficient, addresses ethical issues, and presents a sound analysis plan with a realistic budget and timeline.

1. TO
WRITING RESEARCH PROPOSAL
BY
Dr.M.BALASUBRAMANIAM
Assistant Professor,
Bharathiar University

2. INTRODUCTION
 A written research proposal is
offen required when the study
isundertaken.Before the research,
proposal is prepared, it may helpful to
tryout proposed procedure on a few
subjects.

3. RESEARCH PROPOSAL
Research proposal is a plan of
actions.
The research proposal is comparable
to the blueprint which the architect
prepares before the bids are let and
building commences.

4. NEED FOR R.PROPOSAL
It provides a basis for evaluation of
the proposed project.
It gives the advisor or guide a basis
for providing guidance and help.
It provides a systematic plan of
procedure for the researcher.

5. THE OUTLINE
Emergence of the
problem.
Statement of the
problem.
Review of related
literature.
Title
Statement of
hypothesis.
Definition of terms.
Assumptions and
Limitations.
The sample.
Research design.
Data analysis.
Time schedule.
Funds and
budgets.
Bibliography.

6. EMERGENCE OF THE PROPLEM
The background of the problem is
described.
It may proceed with quotation from
authoritative sources with a view to
provide a frame of reference.

7. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
This is often a declarative statement
but may be in question form.
It gives the direction to the research
process.
It must be limited enough in scope to
make a definite conclusion possible.

8. REVIEW OF RELATED
LITERATURE
A brief summary of previous research
and writing of recognized experts.
It provides evidence for what is
already known and what is still
unknown.
It helps in avoiding duplication.
It also helps in the formulation of
hypothesis and in the selection of
methods.

9. TITLE
The title of the thesis can do not
more than name the topic.
The title of the thesis, statement of
the problem is not exactly same

10. STATEMENT OF THE
HYPOTHESIS
The hypothesis are
stated in the form of
declarative
sentences.
The hypothesis gives
the direction to the
research.
All subsequent plans
for the research
project depend on the
statement of the

11. CHARACTERSTICS OF
HYPOTHESIS
The stated hypothesis must be
 Reasonable
 Consistent with known facts and
proved theories
 Verifiable
 Simple positive form or null form

12. DEFINITION OF TERMS
A brief operational of the
independent,dependent,moderator
and control variables is to be given.
This definition helps to establish the
frame of reference with which the
researcher approaches the problem.

13. ASSUMPTIONS AND
LIMITATIONS
The assumptions that the researcher
believes the facts and
The restrictions and limitations that
he recognizes must be stated.

14. THE SAMPLE
 The proposal must include a
description of the population of
concern in the study.
 The size of the sample along with the
method to be used for its selection is
given in the precise terms.

15. RESEARCH DESIGN
It describes what must be
done, how it will be done, what data
will be needed, what specific data
gathering tools will used and how the
data will be selected.

16. DATA ANALYSIS
Data analysis is the
important step.
First describe or
summarize the
data collected from
the sample
studied.
Then estimate the
reliability of the
interferences and

17. DATA ANALYSIS CONTI….
Generalizations made from the
sample findings to the total
population.
Before that one should select the
appropriate statistical methods.

18. TIME SCHEDULE
A schedule should be prepared so
that the researcher may budget his
time and energy effectively.
Dividing the project into parts and
assigning dates for the completion of
each part.
It helps to systematize the project.

19. FUNDS AND BUDJET
The researcher state the total
budgets of their research work.
It should be mentioned
approximately.

20. BIBLIOGRAPHY
References that the researcher used
must be listed here.
The experts can check out a few of
the studies.
Internet and web based resources
should also be listed.

21. QUALITY OF THE PROPOSAL
 Informative title
 Self-sufficient and convincing
abstract.
 Clear research question.
 Relevant previous work.
 Appropriate measurement and
intervention method.
 Quality control

22. QUALITY CONTI…..
 Adequate sample size.
 Sound analysis plan.
 Ethical issues well addressed.
 Tight budget.
 Realistic time table.

23. QUALITY OF PRESENTATION
Clear, concise and well-organized.
Helpful table of contents and
subheadings.
Good schematic diagrams and tables.
Neat and free of errors.