Designofflowchartoffielfregulator(amanvahora)
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The document discusses the function and design of field regulators for DC shunt generators. Field regulators control the field current and thereby regulate the generator's terminal voltage. The terminal voltage is directly proportional to the field current. A field regulator consists of a variable resistance inserted in series with the field circuit, allowing control of the induced EMF by varying the resistance. The summary provides a flow chart that outlines the iterative design process for determining the optimal field regulator design based on input parameters and constraints to achieve the objective function.
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Design of field regulators for dc shunt generators
The field regulator in a DC shunt generator controls the field current to regulate the terminal voltage. The generated EMF is directly proportional to the field current and flux per pole. As load increases, the terminal voltage decreases slightly due to armature resistance and reaction. However, by increasing the field current, the terminal voltage can be maintained constant regardless of load. A shunt field regulator, which is a variable resistance in the field circuit, allows control of the induced EMF to regulate the terminal voltage without varying the generator speed.
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Design of field regulators for dc shunt generators
The field regulator in a DC shunt generator controls the field current to regulate the terminal voltage. The generated EMF is directly proportional to the field current and flux per pole. As load increases, the terminal voltage decreases slightly due to armature resistance and reaction. However, by increasing the field current, the terminal voltage can be maintained constant regardless of load. A shunt field regulator, which is a variable resistance in the field circuit, allows control of the induced EMF to regulate the terminal voltage without varying the generator speed.
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Missing materials will be uploaded shortly.
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The document discusses phasor diagrams and equivalent circuits of transformers. It presents phasor diagrams showing the relationship between voltages and currents for transformers under no load, unity power factor load, lagging power factor load, and leading power factor load conditions. It then derives the equivalent circuit models of transformers by representing the transformer components like winding resistances and leakage fluxes as circuit elements. The equivalent circuits are developed with parameters referred to both the primary and secondary sides. Approximate equivalent circuits neglecting the no-load current are also presented.
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After going through this session you will be able to answer the following questions.
• Which parameters are obtained from O.C test?
• Which parameters are obtained from S.C test?
• What percentage of rated voltage is needed to be applied to carry out O.C test?
• What percentage of rated voltage is needed to be applied to carry out S.C test?
• From which side of a large transformer, would you like to carry out O.C test?
• From which side of a large transformer, would you like to carry out S.C test?
Aim of conduction transformer Open Circuit & Short Circuit test
To predict its performance without actual loading.
Determination of equivalent circuit parameters
To determine parameters of a transformer like voltage regulation and efficiency
Open circuit test is carried out to determine core loss and shunt parameters.
Open circuit test is carried out at rated voltage and rated frequency . During this test, rated flux is produced in the core .
To carry out open circuit test rated voltage at rated frequency is applied to LV side of the transformer and HV side is left opened as shown in the circuit diagram.
HV side is left opened because it is easier to arrange rated voltage supply on LV side because no load current which is quite small about 2 to 5% of the rated current.
Metering instrument connected at LV side are economical & always safer to work.
The voltmeter, ammeter and the wattmeter readings are taken and suppose they are Voc , Io and Poc respectively.
Strictly speaking the wattmeter will record the core loss as well as the LV winding copper loss. But the winding copper loss is very small compared to the core loss as the flux in the core is rated.
Drives lec 17_18_Continuous and Discontinuous Operating Modes of DC Drive
Part of Lecture series on EEE-413, Electrical Drives (DC Drives) delivered by me to students of VIII Semester B.E. (Electrical), Session 2018-19.
Z. H. College of Engg. & Technology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh.
Missing materials will be uploaded shortly.
Please comment and feel free to ask anything related. Thanks!
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The document discusses the Sumpner's test, which is used to test large power transformers without actual loading. It has the following key points:
1. The Sumpner's test connects two identical transformers back to back, with their primaries in parallel and secondaries in series opposition, allowing them to be tested at full load conditions while only supplying power for losses.
2. This configuration causes the induced voltages in the secondaries to oppose each other, resulting in no net current flow between them. An auxiliary transformer is used to induce current and measure copper losses.
3. The test accurately determines total losses as they would occur in actual use, allowing efficiency and regulation to be found without full loading.
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This document discusses different methods for generating high AC and impulse voltages for testing purposes. It describes cascade transformers which can produce voltages over 300kV by connecting multiple transformer units in series. It also covers Marx circuits which charge multiple capacitors in parallel and discharge them in series to achieve high impulse voltages. Switching surges with long durations can be created using a transformer excited by a DC voltage that produces damped oscillations.
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Active Learning Assignment
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TCSC
This document provides an overview of the thyristor controlled series capacitor (TCSC). It begins with the basic TCSC scheme and equations showing how the variable inductive reactance XL can change the capacitive reactance XC. It then discusses the impedance characteristics of the TCSC and how the capacitor voltage is reversed by the thyristor controlled reactor (TCR). Next, it examines the TCSC operating in the capacitive and inductive regions and how it can provide phase advance or retard. The document also covers the attainable voltage-current characteristics and harmonic voltage generation in the TCSC. It describes the functional internal control schemes and concludes with notes on design considerations.
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The document discusses DC-DC converters, which are used to convert a fixed DC voltage to a variable DC output. It describes different types of converters like buck, boost, buck-boost, flyback and forward converters. It explains the working of these converters through their operating modes and waveforms. The document also discusses different control methods for output voltage regulation and multi-quadrant operation of DC-DC choppers. Common applications of DC-DC converters include switched mode power supplies, motor speed control, battery charging and electric vehicles.
Tan delta test for power transformers
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Impulse current
This document discusses different methods for measuring high frequency and high impulse currents, including Hall generators, Faraday generators (also called magneto-optic methods), and magnetic potentiometers (also called Rogowski coils). Hall generators measure current using the Hall effect and produce a voltage proportional to the current and magnetic field. Faraday generators use the Faraday effect to measure current based on the rotation of polarized light passing through a crystal in a magnetic field. Magnetic potentiometers measure the mutual inductance between a coil and the current-carrying conductor to produce an output voltage proportional to the rate of change of current.
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The document discusses power electronics and specifically DC-DC converters. It begins by stating that power electronics deals with controlling and converting high power applications with high efficiency. It then provides details on various types of DC-DC converters including buck, boost, buck-boost, and Cuk regulators. The document discusses the operating principles of step-down and step-up choppers, or buck and boost converters. It explains how average output voltage is controlled through varying the on and off times of the switching device.
Synchronous generator
Synchronous generators are the majority source of commercial electrical energy. They are commonly used to convert the mechanical power output of steam turbines, gas turbines, reciprocating engines and hydro turbines into electrical power for the grid.
DC MACHINE CHAPTER 8.ppt
1. DC motors use direct current and are used where wide speed variation is required like in vehicles. The types are separately excited, shunt, and series motors.
2. Speed in DC motors can be controlled by adjusting the field resistance, armature voltage, or inserting series resistance in the armature circuit. Adjusting field resistance allows control above base speed while armature voltage controls below base speed.
3. Compounded DC motors combine features of series and shunt motors, providing higher starting torque than shunt motors but less than series motors. Cumulatively compounded motors have torque characteristics between the two.
Speed Control Of DC Motor
DC machines can achieve wide range speed control through three main methods - armature resistance control to vary speed below base speed, field flux control to vary speed above base speed, and armature voltage control using systems like Ward-Leonard which combine armature and field control to achieve the widest speed range from below to above base speed. Controlled rectifiers and series-parallel configurations are also used to vary armature voltage for smooth speed regulation.
Automatic voltage regulations And V curves of alternators
This document discusses automatic voltage regulation and V-curves in alternators. It begins by defining voltage regulation as the change in terminal voltage from no-load to full-load conditions. It then describes different types of voltage regulators, including manual and automatic voltage regulators. For automatic voltage regulators, it discusses the components, circuit concept, and functions of electronic voltage regulators. Finally, it explains V-curves, which plot the variation of armature current with changes in field current, and describes the three stages of under excitation, normal excitation, and over excitation.
Speed control of dc motor
The document discusses speed control methods for DC motors. It explains that the speed of a DC motor is directly proportional to the back EMF and inversely proportional to flux. For shunt motors, speed can be controlled through flux control by adding resistance in the field winding, or through armature control by adding resistance in series with the armature. For series motors, speed is controlled through flux control using field or armature diverters or tapped field control, or through armature resistance control. Ward-Leonard control provides sensitive speed control for applications like elevators.
bjt aS AMPLIFIER.pptx
In DC amplifiers,if you increase the voltage of DC Signal then the current will drop.If you increase the current of DC signal,then the voltage will drop.You can't amplify both the voltage and current of DC signal at same time using DC to DC amplifiers.DC amplifiers involves capacitors for boosting operation.
DC MOTORS-UNIT-II.pdf
- A DC motor converts electrical energy into mechanical energy through electromagnetic principles. It has a rotor that rotates when current passes through the motor's armature winding within a magnetic field.
- The key components of a DC motor are the armature winding, field winding, commutator, and brushes. The field winding generates a magnetic field and the armature winding cuts this field to produce torque when powered.
- DC motors can be shunt wound, series wound, or compound wound depending on how the field winding is connected in relation to the armature winding. This determines the speed and torque characteristics of the motor.
Unit_-II_Components of Control Systems.pptx
The document discusses components of control systems, specifically focusing on DC servo motors. It describes how a DC servo motor is used as an actuator to drive a load. It then explains the characteristics of an armature controlled DC servo motor, including that it has a high ratio of starting torque to inertia, providing faster dynamic response. The speed is directly proportional to the armature voltage for a given torque. Finally, it shows the torque-speed characteristics of an armature controlled DC servo motor.
RGPV EX7102 UNITIV
1. The document discusses control strategies for EHV AC and DC transmission systems, including desired features of HVDC system control, control characteristics of constant current and constant extinction angle, and parallel operation of AC and DC systems.
2. Control of HVDC systems is achieved through control of current or voltage to maintain a constant voltage in the DC link. Common control modes include constant current control at the rectifier and constant extinction angle control at the inverter.
3. Parallel operation of AC and DC systems can present problems but also advantages; control coordination is needed between the two different transmission types.
Chapter 7 Application of Electronic Converters.pdf
This document discusses power electronics applications in DC and AC drives. It describes the basic characteristics and equivalent circuits of DC motors and how their speed can be controlled through various single-phase and three-phase converter configurations. It also summarizes the operation of induction motors, including cage and slip-ring types, and how their speed can be controlled through variable frequency inverters or by adjusting the slip-ring voltage. The document concludes by outlining the main components of HVDC converter stations used for long distance and asynchronous power transmission.
SIMULATION OF DC SERIES MOTOR CHARACTERISTICS
THIS REPORT IS BASED ON THE SIMULATION OF DC SERIES MOTOR CHARACTERISTICS AND THIS REPORT IS PREPARED WELL ACCORDING TO THE NORMS AND THE REPORT ALSO CONTAINS A MATLAB SIMULINK OF THE DC MOTOR DESIGN AND THE RESULTS ARE ALSO PLOTTED IN THIS REPORT AND THE DESCRIPTION ALSO ABOUT THE REPORT IS ALSO PREPARED WELL IN THIS REPORT AND THIS IS USEFUL FOR THE ENGINEERING STUDENTS
l6-dc to ac converter.ppt
This document discusses DC to AC conversion using inverters. It begins with an introduction defining inverters and their applications. It then covers single-phase inverters, output waveform generation using full-bridge topology, harmonics filtering, and variable voltage/frequency capability. The document also discusses total harmonic distortion (THD) as a measure of output waveform quality and explores Fourier analysis of square waves and quasi-square waves. It concludes with examples of calculating THD for single-phase inverters using square waves and quasi-square waves.
Transformer
A transformer is a static electrical device that transfers electrical energy between two or more circuits. A varying current in one coil of the transformer produces a varying magnetic flux, which, in turn, induces a varying electromotive force across a second coil wound around the same core. Electrical energy can be transferred between the two coils, without a metallic connection between the two circuits. Faraday's law of induction discovered in 1831 described the induced voltage effect in any coil due to changing magnetic flux encircled by the coil
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Designofflowchartoffielfregulator(amanvahora)
- 1. Name:- Aman m Vahora Topic:- Design Of Flow chart of Field Regulators 1
- 2. Function • The function of field regulators in case of DC shunt generators is to control the value of field current thereby controlling the terminal voltage of the generator. • The generated EMF in a DC generator is: A P 60 ZN Eg Eg NEg NKEg
- 4. • From the above equation, it is clear that the generated EMF is directly proportional to the product of flux per pole and speed. • If generator runs at constant speed then the generated EMF is directly proportional to the flux per pole and hence to the field current If. • The terminal voltage on load: V = E - IaRa
- 5. • With the increase in load current, terminal voltage will slightly decrease due to the ohmic drop in the armature and due to armature reaction. • This decrease in terminal voltage under load can easily be neutralized by increasing field current slightly and therefore constant terminal voltage can be maintained.
- 6. • A D.C. shunt generator should maintain a constant voltage across its terminals irrespective of the magnitude of load being supplied by it. • It is not easy to control the speed of armature in a D.C. shunt generator except by varying the speed of the prime mover.
- 7. • So, it I s undesirable to regulate the terminal voltage of a generator by variation of speed. • Therefore it is customary to vary the magnetic flux for this purpose. • This can be easily by inserting a variable or adjustable resistance in series with the main field circuit as shown in figure
- 8. • This permits a wide range of control of induced EMF. • This variable or adjustable resistance is called the shunt field regulator.
- 9. Flow chart of Field Regulator:
- 10. start Read i/p data like Kw,Lap/wave,No&width of vent.duct,iron factor,Ratio of length to pole arc,etc. Curves like B/H,Losses,Carter coefft., Tableslike Bav,q etc. Design constarin for flux densities,Current densities etc. Formulate Computer Program in corporating max&min limits Aramture velocity,no.of studs for field regulator,no.of section resistor for field regulator,current in field wdg,current volume,width of armature,cu strip,Assume suitable value for certain parameters & Define objective function
- 11. Run for ittriations with permissible ranges speed,armature current densities,Field current densities,no.of speed variations to get possible design outputs. Total no.of regulator studs Total no.of each section Resistor value in each section Design of tapping to stud of field regulator
- 12. Are design Constraints Satisfied? Go to next iterations Is objective Function Achived Y E S Print output for all Possible design Variants No No Yes
- 13. Select the optimal design Stop