While New Zealand recognises that people with disabilities have human rights, access in online courses has not yet garnered the attention it has in other countries. Raymond Rose has more than two decades of experience designing and delivering online learning, and having helped create the first virtual high school in the US. He has been an advocate of access and equity in online learning for all that time. He recently researched the US case law about access and equity in online for a publication and has presented at local, regional, and national conferences on the topic.

1. Raymond Rose
Rose & Smith Associates
Port Aransas, TX
Slides available at: http://www.slideshare.net/RaymondRose
This work by Raymond Rose is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Webinar for University of Otago 18 July 2016
Designing Digital Materials
That are Accessible for All Learners
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2. http://www.inacol.org/resource/access-and-equity-for-all-learners-
in-blended-and-online-education/
Access and Equity for All Learners
in Blended and Online Education
2014iNACOL
http://tinyurl.com/accessandequityforall
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3. https://www.hrc.co.nz/your-rights/people-disabilities/your-rights/
The Human Rights Act of 1993 covers disabilities, which
people have presently, have had in the past, or which they are
believed to have.
The Human Rights Act of 1993 makes discrimination unlawful
when it occurs in:
• public education and health services
• and access to education.
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4. Accessibility:
OCR’s Operational Definition
“those with a disability are able to
acquire the same information and
engage in the same interactions —
and within the same time frame — as
those without disabilities.”
OCR Compliance Review 11-11-2128, 06121583,
paraphrased from 11-13-5001, 10122118, 11-11-6002
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5. Web Content Accessibility Guidelines
(WCAG) Overview
WCAG 2.0 is a stable, referenceable technical standard. It has
12 guidelines that are organized under 4 principles:
perceivable, operable, understandable, and robust. For each
guideline, there are testable success criteria, which are
at three levels: A, AA, and AAA.
https://www.w3.org/WAI/intro/wcag
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6. Common OCR Findings
1.Lack of Alternative Text on All Images
2.Documents Not Posted in an Accessible
Format
3.Lack of Captions on All Videos and the
Inability to Operate Video Controls Using
Assistive Technology
4.Improperly Structured Data Tables
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7. Common OCR Findings
5.Improperly Formatted and Labeled Form
Fields
6.Improper Contrast Between Background
and Foreground Colors
7.Frames Not Titled with Text that
Facilitates Frame Identification and
Navigation
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8. Website & Online Course Design
Recommendations (1of2):
Color selection does not impede students with color blindness.
There is no use of graphical eye-candy.
All graphics have meaningful, learning-related Alt Tags.
All content in PDFs is searchable (if a graphic, follow
requirements for graphics).

9. Website & Online Course Design Recommendations (2of2):
All audio is accompanied by text transcripts.
All video includes synchronized captioning.
Course navigation is possible without the use of a mouse.
Content at all external links meets the same accessibility
standards.
Courses are reviewed with access by a screen reader in mind.

10. Universal Design for Learning (UDL)
• Principle I: Provide Multiple Means of Representation (the “what”
of learning)
• Principle II: Provide Multiple Means of Action and Expression (the
“how” of learning)
• Principle III: Provide Multiple Means of Engagement (the “why” of
learning)
National Center on UDL
http://www.udlcenter.org/
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11. Contact Info
Raymond Rose
ray@rose-smith.com
Presentation slides on this topic are
available at SlideShare.net under
http://www.slideshare.net/RaymondRose
And at my blog: rmrose.blogspot.com
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12. Resources
The following compilation of resources can be helpful when
developing accessible online courses and websites.
This is not intended to be a comprehensive list.
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13. Step 1. Check* your website
FREE website accessibility test sites
http://CynthiaSays.com
http://WAVE.webaim.org
http://achecker.ca/checker/index.php
* Not comprehensive and will not check all accessibility issues but is a good quick check of the basic issues.
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14. AInspector Sidebar
1.0.0-beta.1 for FireFox
WAVE Evaluation Tool for
Google Chrome
Resource: Browser Based
Accessibility Tools*
* Not comprehensive and will not check all accessibility issues but is a good quick check of the basic issues.14

15. Vendor Guide to Web Accessibility for Higher
Education Customers
By the Committee on Institutional Cooperation (CIC, Big 10 Universities
+ University of Chicago)
http://tinyurl.com/j6crq63
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16. TxDLA
Piloted 2016
Online Accessibility Certificate
Will be offered again 2017
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17. Universal Design for Learning (UDL)
• Principle I: Provide Multiple Means of Representation (the “what” of
learning)
• Principle II: Provide Multiple Means of Action and Expression (the
“how” of learning)
• Principle III: Provide Multiple Means of Engagement (the “why” of
learning)
http://www.udlcenter.org/ 17

18. Resources
HHS Section 508 Accessiblity checklists
http://www.hhs.gov/web/section-
508/making-files-accessible/checklist

19. Resource
Color Blindness Simulator
http://www.seewald.at/en/2012/01/color_
blindness_correction_and_simulator
See through the eyes of your red, green or
blue colorblind student.
Android only

20. Resources
Color advice for cartography
http://colorbrewer2.org/
Vischeck simulates colorblind vision.
http://www.vischeck.com/
Daltonize corrects images for colorblind viewers.
http://www.vischeck.com/daltonize/
More Color Blindness Tools

21. Resources
Colour Contrast Analyzer
for Mac and Windows
https://www.paciellogroup.com/resources/contrastanalyser/
More Color Blindness Tools

22. Resources
1 page accessibility resources for a variety of
applications including MS Office and Adobe
http://ncdae.org/resources/cheatsheets/
Cheatsheets

23. Resources
Tools and Tips for creating accessible digital
images
http://diagramcenter.org/
Diagram Center

24. Resources
FREE Video Captioning Apps
NCAM.wgbh.org
MAGpie
CC for FLASH
How to add closed captions to YouTube
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9K4WJs94
FfY

25. Resources
Adobe and Accessibility website (PDF info)
www.adobe.com/accessibility.html
Creating Accessible Tables and Data Tables
http://webaim.org/techniques/tables/
http://webaim.org/techniques/tables/data

26. Resources
10 Free Screen Readers
http://usabilitygeek.com/10-free-screen-
reader-blind-visually-impaired-users/

27. NVDA
http://www.nvaccess.org/
NVDA (NonVisual Desktop Access) is a free “screen reader”
which enables blind and vision impaired people to use
computers. It reads the text on the screen in a computerized
voice. You can control what is read to you by moving the cursor
to the relevant area of text with a mouse or the arrows on your
keyboard.
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FREE Screen Reader

28. Accessibility White Papers on Web
Accessibility and Captioning
http://www.3playmedia.com/how-it-works/white-papers/inars/
Resource

29. Raymond Rose
ray@rose-smith.com
Presentation slides on this topic are available at:
http://www.slideshare.net/RaymondRose
And at my blog:
http://rmrose.blogspot.com
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