ABSTRACT : In this paper an attempt is made in designing vibration test fixture for opto-electronic equipment. It can be achieved by formulating basic or preliminary 3D CAD assembled model followed by attaching material to its components. The analysis carried by defining the contact conditions of every part of it, defining the fixing conditions, applying loads virtually, good quality meshing, followed by optimization of the same by taking concurrence from the results of Linear Harmonic Structural Vibration Analysis. SolidworksSimulation premium software is used for modelling and solving the Linear Harmonic Structural vibration analysis for all Environmental Stress Screening (ESS) tests like vibration, shock for elimination of failures before physical testing. The comparison between experimental results and simulation results are presented in this paper.
Endurance Testing of Aircraft Electro-Hydraulic Actuator Using LabVIEWWaqas Tariq
In Aerospace Industry, Automated Test System at the qualification and certification laboratory improves characterization accuracy and plays a vital role to prove the airworthiness of the aircraft components. It is very helpful in achieving high quality standards of aircraft components by meeting the predefined qualification and certification test criteria. This paper outlines a comprehensive design and development of an Endurance Automated Test System for performing qualification and certification testing of Electro-Hydraulic (EH) Aircraft Actuator uses LabVIEW Graphical Test Software platform. This method is aimed at replacing the tedious and time consuming traditional method of performing the endurance testing for Aircraft Actuators.
Vibration Analysis of Industrial Drive for Broken Bearing Detection Using Pro...IAES-IJPEDS
A reliable monitoring of industrial drives plays a vital role to prevent from the performance degradation of machinery. Today’s fault detection system mechanism uses wavelet transform for proper detection of faults, however it required more attention on detecting higher fault rates with lower execution time. Existence of faults on industrial drives leads to higher current flow rate and the broken bearing detected system determined the number of unhealthy bearings but need to develop a faster system with constant frequency domain. Vibration data acquisition was used in our proposed work to detect broken bearing faults in induction machine. To generate an effective fault detection of industrial drives, Biorthogonal Posterior Vibration Signal-Data Probabilistic Wavelet Neural Network (BPPVS-WNN) system was proposed in this paper. This system was focused to reducing the current flow and to identify faults with lesser execution time with harmonic values obtained through fifth derivative. Initially, the construction of Biorthogonal vibration signal-data based wavelet transform in BPPVS-WNN system localizes the time and frequency domain. The Biorthogonal wavelet approximates the broken bearing using double scaling and factor, identifies the transient disturbance due to fault on induction motor through approximate coefficients and detailed coefficient. Posterior Probabilistic Neural Network detects the final level of faults using the detailed coefficient till fifth derivative and the results obtained through it at a faster rate at constant frequency signal on the industrial drive. Experiment through the Simulink tool detects the healthy and unhealthy motor on measuring parametric factors such as fault detection rate based on time, current flow rate and execution time.
Condition Monitoring of Rotating Equipment Considering the Cause and Effects ...IJMERJOURNAL
ABSTRACT: This paper attempts to summarise and review the recent research and developments in diagnostics and prognostics of mechanical systems implementing Condition Monitoring with emphasis on models, algorithms and technologies for data processing and maintenance decision-making. Realising the increasing trend of using multiple sensors in condition monitoring, the authors also discuss different techniques for multiple sensor data fusion. The paper concludes with a brief discussion on current practices, possible future trends of Condition Monitoring with a brief outline on the novelty of the current research work.
Training: Principles of Full Matrix Capture (FMC) and Total Focusing Method (...Zetec Inc.
This course provides a fundamental basis of full matrix capture (FMC) and total focusing method (TFM) technology. The training covers the underlying concept, capabilities and limitations.
Design and simulation of radio frequencyeSAT Journals
Abstract
Present day guided weapon systems, especially tactical class missiles use RF seeker, for target tracking towards terminal engagement. The seeker system including its antenna assembly will be onboard the missile. Due to the missile trajectory corrections, the seeker antenna pointing to the target may get disturbed resulting in track loss. To avoid this track loss, it becomes necessary to stabilize the antenna system in two planes. The fundamental role of stabilization loop in seeker application is to precisely follow the angular rate of the target. In order to achieve this requirement, it is essential to highly isolate the gimbaled antenna from the missile body motion due to the maneuvering of target or low frequency vibration during flight. However, the isolation ratio and stability margin of stabilization loop adopting the gimbaled platform with both low stiffness and heavy inertia are limited by mechanical characteristic such as low resonance frequency and its high magnitude. The selection of proper feedback sensors, modeling of the total system are key features of this project. In the end, the performance and the stability of designed stabilization loop are demonstrated using simulation in both frequency and time domain. The Hardware for the system is under realization by the Industry. The whole scheme is simulated in MATLAB off-line for this project.
Keywords: Missile, RF seeker, Track loss, Stabilization loop, Angular Rate Command, Bore-Sight Error, Maneuvering and Gimbaled Platform.
Endurance Testing of Aircraft Electro-Hydraulic Actuator Using LabVIEWWaqas Tariq
In Aerospace Industry, Automated Test System at the qualification and certification laboratory improves characterization accuracy and plays a vital role to prove the airworthiness of the aircraft components. It is very helpful in achieving high quality standards of aircraft components by meeting the predefined qualification and certification test criteria. This paper outlines a comprehensive design and development of an Endurance Automated Test System for performing qualification and certification testing of Electro-Hydraulic (EH) Aircraft Actuator uses LabVIEW Graphical Test Software platform. This method is aimed at replacing the tedious and time consuming traditional method of performing the endurance testing for Aircraft Actuators.
Vibration Analysis of Industrial Drive for Broken Bearing Detection Using Pro...IAES-IJPEDS
A reliable monitoring of industrial drives plays a vital role to prevent from the performance degradation of machinery. Today’s fault detection system mechanism uses wavelet transform for proper detection of faults, however it required more attention on detecting higher fault rates with lower execution time. Existence of faults on industrial drives leads to higher current flow rate and the broken bearing detected system determined the number of unhealthy bearings but need to develop a faster system with constant frequency domain. Vibration data acquisition was used in our proposed work to detect broken bearing faults in induction machine. To generate an effective fault detection of industrial drives, Biorthogonal Posterior Vibration Signal-Data Probabilistic Wavelet Neural Network (BPPVS-WNN) system was proposed in this paper. This system was focused to reducing the current flow and to identify faults with lesser execution time with harmonic values obtained through fifth derivative. Initially, the construction of Biorthogonal vibration signal-data based wavelet transform in BPPVS-WNN system localizes the time and frequency domain. The Biorthogonal wavelet approximates the broken bearing using double scaling and factor, identifies the transient disturbance due to fault on induction motor through approximate coefficients and detailed coefficient. Posterior Probabilistic Neural Network detects the final level of faults using the detailed coefficient till fifth derivative and the results obtained through it at a faster rate at constant frequency signal on the industrial drive. Experiment through the Simulink tool detects the healthy and unhealthy motor on measuring parametric factors such as fault detection rate based on time, current flow rate and execution time.
Condition Monitoring of Rotating Equipment Considering the Cause and Effects ...IJMERJOURNAL
ABSTRACT: This paper attempts to summarise and review the recent research and developments in diagnostics and prognostics of mechanical systems implementing Condition Monitoring with emphasis on models, algorithms and technologies for data processing and maintenance decision-making. Realising the increasing trend of using multiple sensors in condition monitoring, the authors also discuss different techniques for multiple sensor data fusion. The paper concludes with a brief discussion on current practices, possible future trends of Condition Monitoring with a brief outline on the novelty of the current research work.
Training: Principles of Full Matrix Capture (FMC) and Total Focusing Method (...Zetec Inc.
This course provides a fundamental basis of full matrix capture (FMC) and total focusing method (TFM) technology. The training covers the underlying concept, capabilities and limitations.
Design and simulation of radio frequencyeSAT Journals
Abstract
Present day guided weapon systems, especially tactical class missiles use RF seeker, for target tracking towards terminal engagement. The seeker system including its antenna assembly will be onboard the missile. Due to the missile trajectory corrections, the seeker antenna pointing to the target may get disturbed resulting in track loss. To avoid this track loss, it becomes necessary to stabilize the antenna system in two planes. The fundamental role of stabilization loop in seeker application is to precisely follow the angular rate of the target. In order to achieve this requirement, it is essential to highly isolate the gimbaled antenna from the missile body motion due to the maneuvering of target or low frequency vibration during flight. However, the isolation ratio and stability margin of stabilization loop adopting the gimbaled platform with both low stiffness and heavy inertia are limited by mechanical characteristic such as low resonance frequency and its high magnitude. The selection of proper feedback sensors, modeling of the total system are key features of this project. In the end, the performance and the stability of designed stabilization loop are demonstrated using simulation in both frequency and time domain. The Hardware for the system is under realization by the Industry. The whole scheme is simulated in MATLAB off-line for this project.
Keywords: Missile, RF seeker, Track loss, Stabilization loop, Angular Rate Command, Bore-Sight Error, Maneuvering and Gimbaled Platform.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Product System Design for Automation:
Laser Micromachining System Design;
Live Video Microscopy for Feature Measurement;
Integrated Machine Vision for feature detection, pattern matching, part orientation, presence/absence, rotation correction, etc;
Modular Motion Control Design & Programming for Multi-Axis Motion, i.e., Pick-n-Place, Indexing, etc.;
Human Machine Interface (copyrighted) allows for Programmer-less config and operation of machine vision, motion control & laser micromachining.
PROCESS PARAMETER OPTIMISATION IN WEDM OF HCHCR STEEL USING TAGUHI METHOD AND...IAEME Publication
Wire Electrical Discharge Machining (WEDM) is used as a valuable machining tool in the world of non-traditional machining due to various features which includes higher degree of accuracy, fine surface quality and good productivity. WEDM consists of large number of process parameters,
thus it is difficult to obtain a combination of optimum parameters which provides higher accuracy. Optimization of a single response is often carried out with the well known technique Taguchi method. This method results in the solution which gives optimum value of each response
M. Nagahara, D. E. Quevedo, J. Ostergaard, T. Matsuda, and K. Hayashi,
Sparse Command Generator for Remote Control,
The 9th IEEE International Conference on Control & Automation (ICCA), pp. 1055-1059, Dec., 2011.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
EDM machining is used for very hard and complex cutting of conducting materials with
higher surface finish and close dimensions. EDM process parameters are affected by both electrical
and non electrical parameters. In this paper, cutting of hard material Stainless steel 316 is done on
electro discharge machine with copper as cutting tool electrode. This paper presents the effect of
control factors (i.e., current, pulse on time, pulse off time, fluid pressure) for maximum material
removal rate (MRR) and minimum electrode wear rate (EWR) for die sinking Electric Discharge
Machine. In this paper both the electrical factors and non electrical factors has been focused which
governs MRR and EWR. Paper is based on Design of experiment and optimization of EDM process
parameters. The technique used is Taguchi technique which is a statistical decision making tool helps
in minimizing the number of experiments and the error associated with it. The research showed that
the Pulse off time, Current has significant effect on material removal rate and electrode wear rate
respectively
SIGNAL PROCESSING TECHNIQUES USED FOR GEAR FAULT DIAGNOSISJungho Park
The slides are about signal processing techniques widely used for gear fault diagnosis (also the techniques could be used for other various rotating machine diagnosis such as bearing, rotor, motor, etc.). The techniques include wavelet transform, EMD (empirical mode decomposition), HHT (Hilbert-Huang transform), AR-MED filter, Spectral kurtosis, and cyclo-stationary analysis.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
EMIC's testing system can evaluate a function, performance, reliability and quality of various industrial products and are testing facilities providing relief and safety.
Vibration test and combined environmental test are used for evaluating products at the designing and experimental stage of products
https://www.n-denkei.com/singapore/inquiry/
Assessment of Gearbox Fault DetectionUsing Vibration Signal Analysis and Acou...IOSR Journals
Maintenance is a set of organised activities that are carried out in order to keep an item in its best
operational condition with minimum cost acquired. Predictive maintenance (PdM) is one of the maintenance
program that recommends maintenance decisions based on the information collected through condition
monitoring techniques, statistical process control or equipment performance for the purpose of early detection
and elimination of equipment defects that could lead to unplanned downtime of machinery or unnecessary
expenditures. Particularly Gears and rolling element bearings are critical elements in rotating machinery, so
predictive maintenance is often applied to them. Fault signals of gearboxes or rolling-element bearings are nonstationary.
This paper concludes with a brief discussion on current practices of PDM methodologies such as
vibration analysis and Acoustic Emission analysis, which are widely used as they offers a complimentary tool
for health monitoring or assessment of gears in rotating machineries
ER Publication,
IJETR, IJMCTR,
Journals,
International Journals,
High Impact Journals,
Monthly Journal,
Good quality Journals,
Research,
Research Papers,
Research Article,
Free Journals, Open access Journals,
erpublication.org,
Engineering Journal,
Science Journals,
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Product System Design for Automation:
Laser Micromachining System Design;
Live Video Microscopy for Feature Measurement;
Integrated Machine Vision for feature detection, pattern matching, part orientation, presence/absence, rotation correction, etc;
Modular Motion Control Design & Programming for Multi-Axis Motion, i.e., Pick-n-Place, Indexing, etc.;
Human Machine Interface (copyrighted) allows for Programmer-less config and operation of machine vision, motion control & laser micromachining.
PROCESS PARAMETER OPTIMISATION IN WEDM OF HCHCR STEEL USING TAGUHI METHOD AND...IAEME Publication
Wire Electrical Discharge Machining (WEDM) is used as a valuable machining tool in the world of non-traditional machining due to various features which includes higher degree of accuracy, fine surface quality and good productivity. WEDM consists of large number of process parameters,
thus it is difficult to obtain a combination of optimum parameters which provides higher accuracy. Optimization of a single response is often carried out with the well known technique Taguchi method. This method results in the solution which gives optimum value of each response
M. Nagahara, D. E. Quevedo, J. Ostergaard, T. Matsuda, and K. Hayashi,
Sparse Command Generator for Remote Control,
The 9th IEEE International Conference on Control & Automation (ICCA), pp. 1055-1059, Dec., 2011.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
EDM machining is used for very hard and complex cutting of conducting materials with
higher surface finish and close dimensions. EDM process parameters are affected by both electrical
and non electrical parameters. In this paper, cutting of hard material Stainless steel 316 is done on
electro discharge machine with copper as cutting tool electrode. This paper presents the effect of
control factors (i.e., current, pulse on time, pulse off time, fluid pressure) for maximum material
removal rate (MRR) and minimum electrode wear rate (EWR) for die sinking Electric Discharge
Machine. In this paper both the electrical factors and non electrical factors has been focused which
governs MRR and EWR. Paper is based on Design of experiment and optimization of EDM process
parameters. The technique used is Taguchi technique which is a statistical decision making tool helps
in minimizing the number of experiments and the error associated with it. The research showed that
the Pulse off time, Current has significant effect on material removal rate and electrode wear rate
respectively
SIGNAL PROCESSING TECHNIQUES USED FOR GEAR FAULT DIAGNOSISJungho Park
The slides are about signal processing techniques widely used for gear fault diagnosis (also the techniques could be used for other various rotating machine diagnosis such as bearing, rotor, motor, etc.). The techniques include wavelet transform, EMD (empirical mode decomposition), HHT (Hilbert-Huang transform), AR-MED filter, Spectral kurtosis, and cyclo-stationary analysis.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
EMIC's testing system can evaluate a function, performance, reliability and quality of various industrial products and are testing facilities providing relief and safety.
Vibration test and combined environmental test are used for evaluating products at the designing and experimental stage of products
https://www.n-denkei.com/singapore/inquiry/
Assessment of Gearbox Fault DetectionUsing Vibration Signal Analysis and Acou...IOSR Journals
Maintenance is a set of organised activities that are carried out in order to keep an item in its best
operational condition with minimum cost acquired. Predictive maintenance (PdM) is one of the maintenance
program that recommends maintenance decisions based on the information collected through condition
monitoring techniques, statistical process control or equipment performance for the purpose of early detection
and elimination of equipment defects that could lead to unplanned downtime of machinery or unnecessary
expenditures. Particularly Gears and rolling element bearings are critical elements in rotating machinery, so
predictive maintenance is often applied to them. Fault signals of gearboxes or rolling-element bearings are nonstationary.
This paper concludes with a brief discussion on current practices of PDM methodologies such as
vibration analysis and Acoustic Emission analysis, which are widely used as they offers a complimentary tool
for health monitoring or assessment of gears in rotating machineries
ER Publication,
IJETR, IJMCTR,
Journals,
International Journals,
High Impact Journals,
Monthly Journal,
Good quality Journals,
Research,
Research Papers,
Research Article,
Free Journals, Open access Journals,
erpublication.org,
Engineering Journal,
Science Journals,
Engineering Research Publication
Best International Journals, High Impact Journals,
International Journal of Engineering & Technical Research
ISSN : 2321-0869 (O) 2454-4698 (P)
www.erpublication.org
We supply Various Performance, Fatigue Test Machine,
Automotive, Bike, Vehicle Parts Test Facilities
Bearing, Gear, Joint, Coupling, Transmission Test Bench
Dynamometer: for Electric Motor, Engine, Generator Brake Test
Hydraulic Testing Equipments: Pump, Valve, Pipe Test
Shaking Table, Seismic Simulator
Automatic Assembly Line
Proportional integral derivative controller based on ant colony optimization...IJECEIAES
Flexible plate structure provides many benefits as compared to their rigid counterparts including lower energy consumption, effective, lightweight, and quick response. However, the vibration easily affects the flexible plate structure resulting in structural damage. This study introduces the modelling of a flexible plate structure based on a system identification technique known as ant colony optimization (ACO) algorithm for vibration control. Firstly, the input-output vibration data that represent the actual structure of flexible plate was achieved from the experiment. Next, the acquired vibration data was used to develop a dynamic model of the flexible plate structure. The performances of the ACO algorithm were assess based on mean squared error (MSE), pole-zero plot and correlation test in order to get a precise and reliable outcome. The results show that ACO algorithm achieved the minimum MSE which was 6.7613 × 10−6 , high stability of pole-zero plot and excellent correlation test. Subsequently, the best model of ACO was chosen to create controller based on an active vibration control technique. It was noticed that the controller managed to obtain a 6.19 dB reduction at the first mode vibration in which the percentage of attenuation of the controller was 10.63% for sinusoidal disturbances and 9.64% for multiple sinusoidal disturbances.
Autotuning of pid controller for robot arm and magnet levitation planteSAT Journals
Abstract
One of the most essential work of the control engineer is tuning of controller. Majority of the controller used in industry are of the
PID type. An auto tuning is one of the method of controller tuning in which tuning of the parameters of controller is done
automatically and possibly, without any user interaction expect from initiating the operation. Present study emphasis on the relay
based auto tuning of PID controller. An auto-tuning method is implemented based on a relay experiment to determine the ultimate
gain and the ultimate period, with which the PID parameters are obtained using the Ziegler-Nichols tuning rules. An auto tuning
of robot arm model and magnet levitation model are carried out. Performance of relay based auto tuning on the basis of integral
square error is better than artificial neural network.
Keywords: Relay auto tuning, PID, FOPDT, SOPDT, Integral square error.
Similar to Design of Vibration Test Fixture for Opto-Electronic Equipment (20)
Modeling And Simulation Swash Plate Pump Response Characteristics in Load Sen...IJMERJOURNAL
ABSTRACT: Fluid Power is widely employed in applications required high loads such as tractors, cranes, and airplanes. In load sensing hydraulic systems, loads are controlled by adjusting a pump-valve arrangement. In this paper, the swash plate pump hydraulic characteristics will be determined, the pump and its fluid gains will be derived to obtain the pump overall transfer function. Firstly, the swash plate pump mechanism is analyzed and its dynamic model is constructed; the pump pressure and flow rate are plotted and the possible improvement is introduced. The load sensing unit parameters such as orifice width, orifice area, maximum passage area, and piston area at X and Y will be examined to identify their influence on the pump characteristics; and the optimum parameters will be introduced. All results are developed and simulated numerically.
Generation of Electricity Through A Non-Municipal Solid Waste Heat From An In...IJMERJOURNAL
ABSTRACT: Energy production, waste disposal, and pollution minimization are key problems that must be addressed for sustainable cities of the environment. Waste management has become a major concern worldwide, and incineration is now being used increasingly to treat waste that cannot be recycled economically. The total heat content of non- municipal waste varies from countries to countries. The tonnage of generation in Nigeria is expected to soar over the next few years and the exploitation of this renewable energy locked up in urban solid municipal waste into grid energy can be taken advantage off.The heat generated from this incinerated plant can be used to generate electricity which will reduce overdependence on fossil fuel and the use of generator which in turn reduces pollution disposal of this waste is incinerated plant for the production of electricity. Hence, this paper intends to review the nonmunicipal waste potential in Nigeria, evaluate its environment and economic cost, and energy content of municipal solid waste deposits in Nigeria.
A New Two-Dimensional Analytical Model of Small Geometry GaAs MESFETIJMERJOURNAL
ABSTRACT : In this paper, a simple and exact analytical model for Small Geometry GaAs MESFET is developed to determine the potential distribution along the channel of the device. The model is based on the exact solution of two-dimensional Poisson’s equation in the depletion region under the gate. Then the obtained model is used to study the channel potential and threshold voltage of the device. Using the analytical model, the effect of the device parameter and bias conditions on performance of the device is investigated. The obtained results are graphically exhibited and discussed. In order to verification of the analytical results, TCAD device simulator is used and good accordance is observed.
Design a WSN Control System for Filter Backwashing ProcessIJMERJOURNAL
ABSTRACT: Day by day, there is a higher rate of need for accurate automation system to be used in industries and environment monitoring and control. In water treatment plants during the filtration phase, there is a process called backwashing, which particles suspended in the filter basin are removed. in this process the water are forcedly pumped through the filter in upward direction at enough speed to expand the filter media. Therefore, various types of valves used, which are opened and closed in a time sequencing manner. The paper proposed an automation control system for the backwashing process to be initiated and completed automatically using PLC, level sensors and valves installed inside the filter basin. Practically, a control system has been applied which all valves are opened and closed according to wireless signals coming from PLCs on its suitable time. In summary, the control in the process demonstrated that the proposed system is efficient, effective, and able to be reliable. Besides, the results increase the productivity at a low-cost mode.
Application of Customer Relationship Management (Crm) Dimensions: A Critical ...IJMERJOURNAL
ABSTRACT”: Customer relationship management is crucial due to the competitive environment. For this reason, it has become a widely implemented strategy across the hotel industry in retaining customers and maintaining good relationships with them. It also promotes customer satisfaction and loyalty which lead to the achievement of competitive business performance. However, due to the ever-increasing competition and the continuous changing customers’ needs in the hotel industry, the ability to achieve customer satisfaction is becoming a major challenge. Using 40 respondents from 20 hotels, this paper, therefore, explores the managers’ perspective into how the application of CRM dimensions impact on the performance of hotels and also examines the relationships between them since studies evaluating their relationships are limited. It studies CRM from the hotels’ perceptive as Guest Services Managers and Marketing Managers were the respondents. This study employed an exploratory research design and quantitative technique. The survey was conducted in New Delhi and simple random sampling was the sampling technique used to select respondents. With the study’s objectives in mind, the developed research hypotheses constructed were tested using multiple regression analysis as the statistical tool. Through the results, it has been revealed that CRM dimensions are positively related to the performance of hotels. Finally, CRM dimensions are highly recommended as a competitive strategic tool to enhance competitiveness.
Comparisons of Shallow Foundations in Different Soil ConditionIJMERJOURNAL
ABSTRACT: Soil is considered by the engineer as a complex material produced by weathering of the solid rock. Footings are structural elements that transmit column or wall loads to the underlying soil below the structure. Footings are designed to transmit these loads to the soil without exceeding its safe bearing capacity. Each building demands the need to solve a problem of foundation on different types of soil. The main aim of this project is to design the appropriate foundation as per size and shape on cohesive, non-cohesive and rocky soil. In this paper different foundation are studied for a middle side and corner column of a building with different bearing capacities. Based on the study and judicial judgment the type of foundation is decided as per depth, quantity of steel and quantity of concrete and try to find which shape of the foundation is more stable, economical and ways to reduce the ease of construction of the building
Place of Power Sector in Public-Private Partnership: A Veritable Tool to Prom...IJMERJOURNAL
ABSTRACT: Public Private Partnership involves private sector engagement in infrastructural development. Though in the past, the country infrastructure had been experiencing a decline in the system, this is because, government had been the sole contributor to infrastructural finance and had often taken responsibility for implementation, operations and maintenance as well. This decline in the system is caused by escalating population growth depending on available infrastructure, decaying of existing power infrastructure, political instability and corruption in the system. The ongoing reform is about bringing the system to a lime light. Hence, Public Private Partnership participation in the infrastructural development in Nigeria, will create favorable environment for an investors, provide job opportunities, long time policy, decision making and efficient use of the available resources. This paper therefore dwells on overview of the public private partnership with regards to energy and other infrastructural development of Nigeria. Challenges of the partnership and possible solutions towards subduing the problems are proffered.
Study of Part Feeding System for Optimization in Fms & Force Analysis Using M...IJMERJOURNAL
ABSTRACT: This paper describes the development of a flexible and vibratory bowl feeding system which is suitable for use in a flexible manufacturing system. The vibratory bowl feeder for automatic assembly, presents a geometric model of the feeder, and develops force analysis, leading to dynamical modeling of the vibratory feeder. Based on the leaf-spring modeling of the three legs of the symmetrically arranged bowl of the feeder, and equating the vibratory feeder to a three-legged parallel mechanism, the paper reveals the geometric property of the feeder. The effects of the leaf-spring legs are transformed to forces and moments acting on the base and bowl of the feeder. Resultant forces are obtained based upon the coordinate transformation, and the moment analysis is produced based upon the orthogonality of the orientation matrix. This reveals the characteristics of the feeder, that the resultant force is along the z-axis and the resultant moment is about the z direction and further generates the closed-form motion equation.
Investigating The Performance of A Steam Power PlantIJMERJOURNAL
ABSTRACT: The performance analysis of Shobra El-Khima power plant in Cairo, Egypt is presented based on energy and exergy analysis to determine the causes , the sites with high exergy destruction , losses and the possibilities of improving the plant performance. The performance of the plant was evaluated at different loads (Full, 75% and, 50 %). The calculated thermal efficiency based on the heat added to the steam was found to be 41.9 %, 41.7 %, 43.9% , while the exergetic efficiency of the power cycle was found to be 44.8%, 45.5% and 48.8% at max, 75% and, 50 % load respectively. The condenser was found to have the largest energy losses where (54.3%, 55.1% and 56.3% at max, 75% and, 50 % load respectively) of the added energy to the steam is lost to the environment. The maximum exergy destruction was found to be in the turbine where the percentage of the exergy destruction was found to be (42%, 59% and 46.1% at max, 75% and, 50 % load respectively). The pump was found to have the minimum exergy destruction. It was also found that the exergy destruction in feed water heaters and in the condenser together represents the maximum exergy destruction in the plant (about 52%). This means that the irreversibilities in the heat transfer devices in the plant have a significant role on the exergy destruction. So, it is thought that the improvement in the power plant will be limited due to the heat transfer devices.
Study of Time Reduction in Manufacturing of Screws Used in Twin Screw PumpIJMERJOURNAL
ABSTRACT: This paper gives the characteristics of Time reduction in manufacturing of screws for Twin screw pumps. Screws are playing a vital role in the performance of pumps, because pumps give the fluids transfer rate with the help of screws. There is a gap in screws which shows its positiveness. This indicates that we are studying about positive displacements pumps. Positive displacements pumps having no point of contact between screws, because of that there will be no any friction formation. Automation is best for development of product to reduce time in manufacturing of any product. In this paper we also tried to explain this feature of Automation to help reduction of time to manufacture of product to increase productivity.
Mitigation of Voltage Imbalance in A Two Feeder Distribution System Using IupqcIJMERJOURNAL
ABSTRACT: Proliferation of electronic equipment in commercial and industrial processes has resulted in increasingly sensitive electrical loads to be fed from power distribution system which introduce contamination to voltage and current waveforms at the point of common coupling of industrial loads. The unified power quality conditioner (UPQC) is connected between two different feeders (lines), hence this method of connection of the UPQC is called as Interline UPQC (IUPQC).This paper proposes a new connection for a UPQC to improve the power quality of two feeders in a distribution system. Interline Unified Power Quality Conditioner (IUPQC), specifically aims at the integration of series VSC and Shunt VSC to provide high quality power supply by means of voltage sag/swell compensation, harmonic elimination in a power distribution network, so that improved power quality can be made available at the point of common coupling. The structure, control and capability of the IUPQC are discussed in this paper. The efficiency of the proposed configuration has been verified through simulation using MATLAB/ SIMULINK.
Adsorption of Methylene Blue From Aqueous Solution with Vermicompost Produced...IJMERJOURNAL
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In present era, the scopes of information technology growing with a very fast .We do not see any are untouched from this industry. The scope of information technology has become wider includes: Business and industry. Household Business, Communication, Education, Entertainment, Science, Medicine, Engineering, Distance Learning, Weather Forecasting. Carrier Searching and so on.
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Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacks
Design of Vibration Test Fixture for Opto-Electronic Equipment
1. International
OPEN ACCESS Journal
Of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER)
| IJMER | ISSN: 2249–6645 www.ijmer.com | Vol. 7 | Iss. 4 | Apr. 2017 | 32 |
Design of Vibration Test Fixture for Opto-Electronic
Equipment
Pulivarthi Srinivas1
, Tadepalli Ravikumar2
1
Post Graduate Student, DepartmentofMechanical Engineering (M. Tech- Machine Design), DMSSVH College
ofEngineering, Machilipatnam, India
2
Associate Professor, DepartmentofMechanical Engineering, DMSSVH College ofEngineering, Machilipatnam,
India
I. INTRODUCTION
Vibration is the most important mode of failure in equipment. The equipment induced into the field has
to withstand high vibrations. As vibration equipment cannot be placed directly on the vibration machine shaker
table, a mechanic structure called fixture is placed between the equipment and the machine. The equipment
under the test has to withstand excitation with a well-defined frequency range. These fixtures are generally used
for supporting opto-electronic equipment. The fixture also to be designed such that the equipment under test
shall experience exact range of base excitation or within certain tolerance. The same is achieved by providing
the feedback device placing on equipment under test. The best, suitable model of vibration fixture is designed as
per the requirement, once it is analyzed by using finite element analysis.
The equipment, without isolator, shall be fastened to the vibration table, either directly or by means of
mounting fixtures, by means of attachments otherwise stated in the relevant Opto electronic equipment. The test
equipment is Sinusoidal (sine) Vibration System. Sinusoidal Vibration is a special class of vibration. The
structure is excited by a forcing function that is a pure tone with a single frequency. Sinusoidal vibration is not
common in nature, but it provides an excellent engineering tool that enables us to understand complex vibrations
by breaking them down into simple one tone vibrations. The motion of any point on the structure can be
described as a sinusoidal function of time. When performing a sine test, one frequency is exited at each time.
During sine vibration test each part of a complex structure is resonating at a different frequency. The basic
motion shall be sinusoidal and such that all the fixing points of the equipment are moving substantially in phase
and in straight parallel lines. The characteristics required of the vibration generator and fixture when loaded for
the conditioning process.
As per the norms of JSSStandards%5CJSS 55555 -2000 testing fixture and equipment are used in the
following cases: 1) Equipment Installed in Tracked Vehicles. 2) Equipment installed in Wheeled Vehicles and
Trailers Shipborne Equipment. 3)(a) Equipment Installed in Major Warships. 3) b) Equipment Installed in
Minor Warships. 4) Equipment Installed in Submarines. The equipment used in the current work is the one used
in Tracked Vehicles. Its frequency ranges between 5-350Hz.The mounting fixtures shall enable the specimen to
be vibrated along the various axes specified for conditioning. The relevant equipment specification shall state
whether the effect of gravitational force is important. In this case the equipment shall be mounted on fixture,
then the force acts in the same direction as it would be in use.
There have been many researchers using finite element method to analyze thefixtures.Avitable [1] P-
Space Launch Vehicles are subjected to rigorous dynamic environment during lift-off and ascent phase of
launch.Noonan. Edward [2] F-Unlike traditional vibration test controllers that rely heavily on an external
ABSTRACT : In this paper an attempt is made in designing vibration test fixture for opto-electronic
equipment. It can be achieved by formulating basic or preliminary 3D CAD assembled model followed
by attaching material to its components. The analysis carried by defining the contact conditions of
every part of it, defining the fixing conditions, applying loads virtually, good quality meshing, followed
by optimization of the same by taking concurrence from the results of Linear Harmonic Structural
Vibration Analysis. SolidworksSimulation premium software is used for modelling and solving the
Linear Harmonic Structural vibration analysis for all Environmental Stress Screening (ESS) tests like
vibration, shock for elimination of failures before physical testing. The comparison between
experimental results and simulation results are presented in this paper.
Keywords: Accelerometer(bob), Frequency display monitor, Opto-electronic Equipment, Vibration
test machine, vibration test fixture.
2. Design Of Vibration Test Fixture For Opto-Electronic Equipment
| IJMER | ISSN: 2249–6645 www.ijmer.com | Vol. 7 | Iss. 4 | Apr. 2017 | 33 |
computer for real-time operation. The Spider-81 is the first vibration controller that directly integrates time-
synchronized Ethernet connectivity with embedded DSP technology. C. D. Pengelley[3] Curtiss- Wright
Corporation-the dynamics of a rigid body having two degrees of freedom is presented with the complete
solution for nodal and coupled frequency.Crede [4] Charles E-way to identity some critical developments that
provide tools that accelerated advanced shock and vibration technology. Harrison[5] T- The launch vehicles are
manufactured at different environmental conditions and exposed to extreme environmental conditions during
liftoff and ascent phase. Scarton[6] TD- Space Launch Vehicles are subjected to rigorous dynamic
environmental conditions during launch.
In this paper, acceleration is calculated numerically by using SolidworksSimulation Premium
softwareand experimentally using vibration test bed and suitable fixture is taken for experimentation.
Acceleration is calculated on Opto-electronic equipmentwith frequency range of 5 to 350Hz.
II. DESIGN AND ANALYSIS
Vibration test fixture was designed inSolidworksSimulation Premium software is used to determine the
acceleration on fixture and opto-electronic equipment. The dimensions of the Vibration test fixtureare show in
the “Fig.1”. The properties of the Vibration test fixture are shown in below table. In this, Linear Elastic Isotropic
Properties are along three axes (x, y, z)
Fig.1 Dimension of vibration test fixture
Table 1:Linear Elastic Isotropic properties
Yield strength 2.75 x 108
N/𝐦 𝟐
Tensile strength 3.1x 108
N/𝐦 𝟐
Elastic modulus 6.9 x 1010
N/𝐦 𝟐
Poisson’s ratio ( VXY ),VYZ ),(VXZ ) 0.33
Shear modulus ( GXY ), ( GYZ ), ( GXZ ) 2.6 x 1010
N/𝐦 𝟐
Density (𝜌 ) 2700kg/m3
Thermal expansion coefficient 2.4x 105
/Kelvin
The modeling of fixture is done using Solidworks Simulation Premium software and analysis is done
on FEA approach using the same software. The basis of FEA relies on the decomposition of the domain into a
finite number of sub-domains (elements) for which the systematic approximate solution is constructed by
applying the variable or weighted residual methods. In effect, FEA reduces problem to that of a finite number of
unknowns by dividing the domain into elements and by expressing the unknown field variable in terms of the
assumed approximating functions within each element. These functions (also called interpolation functions) are
defined in terms of the values of the field variables at specific points, referred to as nodes. The finite element
method is a numerical procedure that can be used to obtain solutions to a large class of engineering problems
involving stress analysis, vibration analysis heat transfer, electro-magnetism, and fluid flow.
3. Design Of Vibration Test Fixture For Opto-Electronic Equipment
| IJMER | ISSN: 2249–6645 www.ijmer.com | Vol. 7 | Iss. 4 | Apr. 2017 | 34 |
Figure2: Modeling of test fixture Figure 3: Meshing analysis of test fixture
III. EXPERIMENTATION
An experimental test setup is required to conduct environmental vibration testing fixture on Opto-
electronic equipment. The existing vibration test facility is having capability to produce a force of 16ton by
using single shaker system. The facility is modified to meet the short fixture. As part of the modification, a
single control system is commissioned to operate the single shaker system. A load bearing platform which acts
as a platform for specimen is used to make different axis’s test setup. A large slip table of size 3.0m x 3.4m is
commissioned to the test specimen for horizontal testing. In addition to these modifications two new power
amplifiers are also commissioned to get higher efficiency.
Test Setup Configuration: The test setup configuration for simulation and control vibration levels on
Opto electronic equipment is shown in the “Fig.4”“Fig.5”. It is basically a closed loop feedback control system.
It consistsof sub-systems like vibration controller, power amplifiers, single mode controller, control
accelerometers and data acquisition.
Figure 4: Vibration test machine Figure 5: Vibration test fixture with
courtesy:Labtone test equipment Opto-electronic
co,ltdequipment
The required test profile is programmed into PC based control system. The vibration controller
generates and feeds a low level signal into the power amplifier based on the test specifications. This signal is
amplified by the power amplifier and drives the armature of the shaker in case of single shaker mode. The
power amplifier is an air-compressor, modular type with very high efficiency. The power amplifier output is
connected voltage meter through display monitor.Asingle control system is used,which consists of Single
Amplifier Controller (SAC), Phase Control Unit (PCU) and Current Monitoring Unit (CMU). The SAC allows
operation of maximum of 4 numbers of shale shakers. The SMU monitors in the load currents (armature
currents) through CMUs and in conjunction with the PCU. It corrects the amplitude and phase of the
4. Design Of Vibration Test Fixture For Opto-Electronic Equipment
| IJMER | ISSN: 2249–6645 www.ijmer.com | Vol. 7 | Iss. 4 | Apr. 2017 | 35 |
singleshaker load currents within the specified tolerances. Ultimately, the SAC allows a smooth and
synchronized operation of Single amplifiers, in turn the operation of Shale shaker systems.
Finally, the feedback signals from the shakers and test specimen via vibration test fixture through opto
electronic equipment reach a control accelerometer. From there the signals with increased the frequency ranges
reach the vibration controller. During the vibration testing, the effects caused by the fixture are important.
Vibration test fixtures exhibit resonant frequencies in the test frequency range due to the mass/stiffness
characteristics. The resonant frequencies cause significant problem when conducting vibration tests. However,
vibration controller controls the shaker input through a feedback accelerometer and controls the level of
vibration input into the test specimen. But, the control accelerometer controls the level of vibration where the
control accelerometer is bonded. This indicates that the resonant behavior of the vibration fixture is dependent
on the fixture itself. Thus opto electronic equipment vibration testing poses a challenge to design and realize a
good vibration fixture. The feedback signal is measured, digitized and compared with the specified control
spectrum. Then the drive signal is adjusted, if any corrections are required, to change the input signal to the
shaker through power amplifier to maintain the required /specified test profile.
IV. RESULT
Modal analysis is done using SolidworksSimulation Premium software and experimentation is done
using Vibration test bed (shale shaker)for the fixture withopto electronic equipment having frequency ranges
5to350 Hz. The acceleration is calculated by changing frequency from 5 to 350 Hz. Later the analysis is
continued by varying the frequencies along the three axes (x, y, z) to meet different military required frequency
conditions. Frequency curves for different conditions are shown below through
“FIg.12,Fig.13,Fig.14,Fig.15,Fig.16,Fig.17”.
Figure 6: Harmonic vibration X-displacementFigure 7: Harmonic vibration X-acceleration
Figure 8: Harmonic vibration Y-displacement Figure 9: Harmonic vibration Y-acceleration
Figure 10: Harmonic vibration Z-displacement Figure 11: Harmonic vibration Z-acceleration
6. Design Of Vibration Test Fixture For Opto-Electronic Equipment
| IJMER | ISSN: 2249–6645 www.ijmer.com | Vol. 7 | Iss. 4 | Apr. 2017 | 37 |
Figure 14: Experimental of frequency Vs Figure 15: Simulation of Frequency Vs
Acceleration curve along Y-axis Acceleration curve along Y-axis
Figure 16: Experimental of frequency Vs Figure 17: Simulation of Frequency Vs
Acceleration curve along Z-axis Acceleration curve along Z-axis
V. CONCLUSION
Harmonic analysis is carried out by using SOLIDWORKS Simulation Premium software and
experimentation is done by using vibration testfixture. The acceleration is calculated at deferent frequency
ranges from 5 to 350 Hz in x,y,z axes. The acceleration results in x,y,z directions by using Experimentation
and simulation are compared.
REFERENCES
[1]. Avitable P (1999) Why you can’t ignore those vibration fixture resonances. Sound Vibration.No.3, 20-26.
[2]. Noonan, Edward F., Environmental Vibration Testing for Shipboard Equipment, Shock and Vibration Bulletin 23,
1956
[3]. C. D. Pengelley, Curtiss- Wright Corporation., “Ground Vibration Tests” Journal of The Aeronautical Sciences, Vol
9, No. 13, Nov 1942
[4]. Crede, Charles E., “Concepts and Trends in Simulation,” Shock and Vibration Bulletin 23, 1956. [5] Harrison T
(2009) Basic fixture design. LDS Customer Training Notes.
[5]. Scarton TD (1969) Development of impedance simulation fixtures for spacecraft vibration tests. NASA CR1351
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