This is a presentation made to perform at a conference named as ICRTET-2K20, organised by Samskruti college of engineering and technology on 7th and 8th Febrauary 2020.

1. Design of Energy Recovery Plant
form Municipal Solid Waste
Ravi Kumar GARRE,
Asst. Professor,
Department of Civil,
St. Peter’s Engineering College,
Hyderabad.

2. Contents covered
• Abstract
• MSW management
• Methods of w to E
• About Vikarabad
• MSW practices at Vikarabad
• Anaerobic digestion tank
• Design of anaerobic digestion tank
• Conclusion
• References

3. Abstract
• Due to rapid urbanization and increase in population, it became
biggest challenge with management of solid wastes.
• Due to industrialization and lack of land availability we need to have a
solid waste management system without harming environment as well
as should be economic.
• The present study mainly involved with the MSWM at Vikarabad,
Telangana.
• After preparing an assessment, it is understood that there is a
possibility to recover energy from the MSW.
• So, finally an anaerobic digestion tank has been designed to recover
biogas.
• This project will solve somehow, energy demand at Vikarabad.
Key words – Anaerobic digestion, Bio-degradable, Energy from waste,
Municipal solid waste, Vikarabad, Wet waste.

4. Introduction
• The Solid waste management associated with the control of
generation, collection, storage, transport, processing and
disposal of wastes without causing pollution.
• The composition of solid waste
i. Biodegradable – food and kitchen waste, green waste,
paper, etc.
ii. Recyclable materials – paper, plastics, metals, cloths, etc.
iii. Inert waste – construction and demolition waste, dirt,
debris, etc.
iv. Hazardous waste – biomedical, electronic, toxic, radio
active, etc.
• Among all these kinds of wastes, we can generate energy
in the form of bio gas from biodegradable wastes.

5. Waste to Energy technologies
Anaerobic digestion – in this biogas is produced from organic
matter by microorganisms in the absence of oxygen. Its
product is oxidation.
Gasification – it is a partial oxidation oxidation. Its product is
biogas.
Pyrolysis – in this wastes are heated in the absence of oxygen
at temperatures 550 to 1300 F. Its product is syngas and
heat energy.
Fermentation – fermentation is a process in which sugar
containing biomass is converted to alcohol, eg: ethanol by
metabolism of microorganisms. Fermentation is usually
anaerobic and aerobic also feasible. Its product is oils and
alcohol.

6. About Vikarabad
• It is the headquarters of Vikarabad district. It
is one of major town which is developing
under Telangana state.
• As per 2011 census: population of the town is
54,000. Population density is 1700 / sq. km.
• The total area of the town is 32 sq. km.
• As it is rapidly growing town, the Municipality
is facing lot of challenges with the
management of MSW.

7. MSW management practices at
Vikarabad
• By interviewing local people, residents, offices and some important
public and private organizations, the collected data the solid waste
management at the town is not yet perfect and not able to attend
half of the waste even.
• The challenges to the present MSWM practices are:
i. Proper segregation of wastes is not done.
ii. Open dumping is a common practice at most of the localities.
iii. Composting of organic wastes is in practice but it is not up to
satisfactory level.
iv. Recycling industries have to be established
• As a result of this survey, a decision has been taken that, the
proposal of design for anaerobic digestion to produce biogas,
which save energy demand at Vikarabad.

8. Anaerobic digestion tank
Digester is a large
container in which
substances are treated
with heat or enzymes to
promote decomposition
or to extract essential
components.

9. Stages in anaerobic digestion
• Hydrolysis – breaking of
organic matter in to
sugars and acids
• Acidogenesis – as the
result of further process
on acids ammonia,
carbon dioxide, and
hydrogen sulphide will be
evolved.
• Methanogenesis - in this
stage the gases converted
into methane and water.
• Mesophilic digestion –
takes place at 30 to 38˚C.
• Thermophilic digestion –
49 to 60˚C.

10. Design of anaerobic digester
Primary data:
S. No. Parameter Details
1 No. households 8877
2 No. of offices and
institutes
158
3 Wet waste
generated per day
11 metric tons
4 Dry waste
generated per day
8 metric tons
5 mixed waste
generated per day
10 metric tons

11. Design of anaerobic digester
Design parameters
• Primary sludge
• Solids (TS) produced = 11tonnes/day =11000kg/day
• TS concentration = 5%
• Specific gravity =1.02
• Volatile solids (VS) = 65%
• Thickened waste activated sludge TS produced = 907
kg/day
• TS concentration = 4%
• Specific gravity =1.00
• VS = 75%

12. Design of anaerobic digester
Dimensions of anaerobic digester
Volume of anaerobic digester = V1+V2+V3
Volume of anaerobic digester = Vcol+ Vgst + Vd + Vst

13. Design of anaerobic digester
• Four cylinderical digesters have been designed, with
each of 896.25 cubic meter volume.
• The volume of organic waste produced per day
(Vikarabad)= 11tonnes/day
• As per the current knowledge and practical data,
approximately about 15-25 kg of organic waste can
produce biogas of 1m3.
• Therefore, the quantity of biogas that can be generated
Waste produced from Vikarabad: Biogas produced
from daily waste = 11000/ 15-25 =733.33 to 440m3
• Biogas produced annually = 733.33 to 440m3 ×365 = 2,
67, 665.45to1, 60, 600m3

14. Conclusion
• Anaerobic digestion contributes to reducing the
greenhouse gases.
• A well- managed anaerobic digestion system will aim to
maximize methane production, but not release any gases to
the atmosphere, thereby reducing overall emissions.
• Anaerobic digestion also provides a source of energy with
no net increase in atmospheric carbon which contributes to
climate change.
• The feedstock for anaerobic digestion is a renewable
source, and therefore does not deplete finite fossil fuels.
• Energy generated through this process can help reducing
the demand for fossil fuels.
• This project will solve the energy demand at Vikarabad.

15. References
• Sreela-or, C., Plangklang, P., Imai, T., & Reungsang, A. (2011). Co-digestion of food waste and sludge
for hydrogen production by anaerobic mixed cultures: Statistical keyfactors optimization.
International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 36, 14227–14237.
• Sheng, K., Chen, X., Pan, J., Kloss, R., Wei, Y., & Yibin, Y. (2013), Effect of ammonia and nitrate on
biogas production from food waste via anaerobic digestion. Bio system Engineering, 116, 205– 212.
• Straka, F., Jenicek, P., Zabranska, J., Dohanyos, M., & Kuncarova, M. (2007). Anaerobic fermentation
of biomass and wastes with respect to sulfur and nitrogen contents in treated materials. In Sardinia
Eleventh International Waste Management and Landfill Symposium. CISA. Cagliari.
• Zhang, L., & Jahng, D. (2012). Long-term anaerobic digestion of food waste stabilized by trace
elements. Waste Management, 32, 1509–1515.
• Zupančič, G. D., Uranjek-Ževart, N., & Roš, M. (2008). Full-scale anaerobic co-digestion of organic
waste and municipal sludge. Biomass Bioenergy, 32, 162–167.
• Mao C., Feng Y., Wang X., Ren G., 2015, Review on research achievements of biogas from anaerobic
digestion. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 45, 540-555.
• Heo, N.H., Park, S.C., Lee, J.S. and Kang, H. (2003) Solubilization of Waste Activated Sludge by
Alkaline Pretreatment and Biochemical Methane (BMP) Tests for Anaerobic Co-Digestion of
Municipal Organic Waste. Water Science and Technology, 48, 211-219.

16. THANK YOU