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Biomass and biogas
Biomass is obtained from plant and animal matter and waste. Pakistan generates a large amount of waste daily from its large population, including 54,888 tons of municipal solid waste. Biomass and waste-to-energy plants can generate electricity from this biomass and waste, reducing fossil fuel usage and greenhouse gas emissions compared to landfilling. However, there are also challenges to widespread adoption of biomass energy, such as the high cost of biogas plants, need for continuous biomass supply, and potential diversion of food crops for fuel.
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Biomass and biogas
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- 2. Biomass is obtainedfrom any plant, animal or human derived organic matter. • Wood from trees, agricultural waste, wood factory waste and the construction industry. • Burnt wood from fossil fires. • Animals and its droppings.
- 3. • Pakistan isa thickly populated country. The overall population of Pakistan is about 173.593 million. • Out of which 66% people live in rural areas and 34% live in urban areas. • The wasted generated by this huge population is also in a very large amount. • About 54,888 tons of waste is generated daily. • Approximately 225,000 tons of crop residues and over 1 million tons of animal manure are produced daily.
- 4. • Biomass andwaste to energy plants conserve fossil fuels by generating electricity. one ton of MSW combusted reduces oil use by about 45 gallons; or coal use by about 0.28 tons. • It has been estimated that one ton of MSW combusted rather than land filled reduces greenhouse gas emissions by 1.2 tons of carbon dioxide. • Biomass and waste to energy plants do not have the aqueous emissions that may be experienced in landfills, either now or in the distant future. • Biomass and waste to energy plants save the space required for land filling. • Biomass/Waste to Energy projects have the benefits over conventional energy resources projects that they do not emit any effluents, pollutants and residues. These are considered to be most environmental friendly technologies which are very much supportive in reducing emissions and developing healthy environment. All over the world, renewable energy
- 5. • projects havebeen implemented to avoid dependency over the conventional resources which have been a source of effluent emissions and endangering the environment. The international organizations and institutes including financing organization have been encouraging such projects which utilize renewable energy technologies for the generation of power.
- 6. • Cost ofconstruction of biogas plant is high, so only rich people can use it. • Continuous supply of biomass is required to generate biomass energy. • Some people don’t like to cook food on biogas produced from sewage waste. • Biogas plant requires space and produces dirty smell. • Due to improper construction many biogas plants are working inefficiently. • It is difficult to store biogas in cylinders. • Transportation of biogas through pipe over long distances is difficult. • Many easily grown grains like corn, wheat are being used to make ethanol. This can have bad consequences if too much of food crop is diverted for use as fuel. • Crops which are used to produce biomass energy are seasonal and are not available over whole year.
- 7. • 12 MWBiomass to Energy Power Plant at Jhang, Punjab. • 12 MW Biomass to Energy Power Plant at MirwahGorchani Town, Mirpurkhas, Sindh. • LoI issued to Pak Ethanol (Pvt) Ltd. For Setting Up to 09 MW Biogas Power Plant at Pak Ethanol, Matli, Sindh. • LoI Issued to M/S Biomass Power Generation Ltd for Setting Up 12 MW Biomass to Energy Project at Faisalabad, Punjab. • LoI Issued to M/S Greensure Environmental Solutions (Pvt) Ltd for Setting Up 12 MW Waste to Energy Project at Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa.