This document outlines the typical design methodology for digital circuits, including design specification, partitioning, behavioral modeling, simulation, synthesis, placement and routing, validation, and sign-off. It discusses different implementation technologies like full custom VLSI, standard cells, and FPGAs. The methodology involves specification, behavioral modeling, simulation, synthesis, physical design, validation, and sign-off. Technologies include full custom, standard cells, and FPGAs, with tradeoffs around cost, speed, and time to market.
What are the different opportunities for a VLSI Front end Verification engineer? What career path exists and how to build a career path in Verification of VLSI chip designs?
Sharing my experiences and Career journey as Verification Engineer
Advances in Verification - Workshop at BMS College of EngineeringRamdas Mozhikunnath
Day 1 of workshop at BMS college of Engineering
Covers SystemVerilog language fundamentals - Language constructs, building blocks, Arrays, Process, Classes
Introduction to SOC Verification Fundamentals and System Verilog language coding. Explains concepts on Functional Verification methodologies used in industry like OVM, UVM
Functional verification is one of the key bottlenecks in the rapid design of integrated circuits. It is estimated that verification in its entirety accounts for up to 60% of design resources, including duration, computer resources and total personnel. The three primary tools used in logic and functional verification of commercial integrated circuits are simulation (at various levels), emulation at the chip level, and formal verification.
What are the different opportunities for a VLSI Front end Verification engineer? What career path exists and how to build a career path in Verification of VLSI chip designs?
Sharing my experiences and Career journey as Verification Engineer
Advances in Verification - Workshop at BMS College of EngineeringRamdas Mozhikunnath
Day 1 of workshop at BMS college of Engineering
Covers SystemVerilog language fundamentals - Language constructs, building blocks, Arrays, Process, Classes
Introduction to SOC Verification Fundamentals and System Verilog language coding. Explains concepts on Functional Verification methodologies used in industry like OVM, UVM
Functional verification is one of the key bottlenecks in the rapid design of integrated circuits. It is estimated that verification in its entirety accounts for up to 60% of design resources, including duration, computer resources and total personnel. The three primary tools used in logic and functional verification of commercial integrated circuits are simulation (at various levels), emulation at the chip level, and formal verification.
Working in teams is more effective than individual work, But the main obstacle that any corporate faces is the synchronization between each team, One of the functions that is affected by this obstacle is 'Coding', Working on massive and multidisciplinary projects which need the contribution of several teams specially at the coding phase is opposed by the miss coordination when running the mother code.
So corporate developed some tools to overcome this situation using code version control and Tracker System.
• Overall 5 years of IT Experience which include experience in the field of RBT in HSIT (Hardware software integration testing), SWI (Software integration testing), UT (Unit testing) Experienced in the Software Verification activities for safety critical systems in compliance with DO-178B standards
SystemVerilog based OVM and UVM Verification MethodologiesRamdas Mozhikunnath
Introduction to System Verilog based verification methodologies - OVM and UVM concepts
For more online courses and resources follow http://verificationexcellence.in/
Working in teams is more effective than individual work, But the main obstacle that any corporate faces is the synchronization between each team, One of the functions that is affected by this obstacle is 'Coding', Working on massive and multidisciplinary projects which need the contribution of several teams specially at the coding phase is opposed by the miss coordination when running the mother code.
So corporate developed some tools to overcome this situation using code version control and Tracker System.
• Overall 5 years of IT Experience which include experience in the field of RBT in HSIT (Hardware software integration testing), SWI (Software integration testing), UT (Unit testing) Experienced in the Software Verification activities for safety critical systems in compliance with DO-178B standards
SystemVerilog based OVM and UVM Verification MethodologiesRamdas Mozhikunnath
Introduction to System Verilog based verification methodologies - OVM and UVM concepts
For more online courses and resources follow http://verificationexcellence.in/
The increasing demand for computing power in fields such as biology, finance, machine learning is pushing the adoption of reconfigurable hardware in order to keep up with the required performance level at a sustainable power consumption. Within this context, FPGA devices represent an interesting solution as they combine the benefits of power efficiency, performance and flexibility. Nevertheless, the steep learning curve and experience needed to develop efficient FPGA-based systems represents one of the main limiting factor for a broad utilization of such devices.
In this talk, we present CAOS, a framework which helps the application designer in identifying acceleration opportunities and guides through the implementation of the final FPGA-based system. The CAOS platform targets the full stack of the application optimization process, starting from the identification of the kernel functions to accelerate, to the optimization of such kernels and to the generation of the runtime management and the configuration files needed to program the FPGA.
Traditional vs. SoC FPGA Design Flow A Video Pipeline Case StudyAltera Corporation
This presentation compares the impact of traditional FPGA engineering design flow to one employed with an SoC FPGA. The two approaches will be contrasted in terms of their impacts on system architecture design, debugging, risk mitigation, system integration, bring-up, feature enhancements, design obsolescence, and engineering effort. A case study is presented that explores these impacts within a video pipeline development effort.
eInfochips proven physical design flow, methodologies, and rich experience helps us to deliver physical design implementation with superior performance across 180 -16nm technology node. Our comprehensive internal checklist for Sign off ensures Netlist to GDSII in < 3 iterations.
Mirabilis_Design AMD Versal System-Level IP LibraryDeepak Shankar
Mirabilis Design provides the VisualSim Versal Library that enable System Architect and Algorithm Designers to quickly map the signal processing algorithms onto the Versal FPGA and define the Fabric based on the performance. The Versal IP support all the heterogeneous resource.
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty,
International FDP on Fundamentals of Research in Social Sciences
at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
By Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
A workshop hosted by the South African Journal of Science aimed at postgraduate students and early career researchers with little or no experience in writing and publishing journal articles.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptxEduSkills OECD
Francesca Gottschalk from the OECD’s Centre for Educational Research and Innovation presents at the Ask an Expert Webinar: How can education support child empowerment?
Executive Directors Chat Leveraging AI for Diversity, Equity, and InclusionTechSoup
Let’s explore the intersection of technology and equity in the final session of our DEI series. Discover how AI tools, like ChatGPT, can be used to support and enhance your nonprofit's DEI initiatives. Participants will gain insights into practical AI applications and get tips for leveraging technology to advance their DEI goals.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Safalta Digital marketing institute in Noida, provide complete applications that encompass a huge range of virtual advertising and marketing additives, which includes search engine optimization, virtual communication advertising, pay-per-click on marketing, content material advertising, internet analytics, and greater. These university courses are designed for students who possess a comprehensive understanding of virtual marketing strategies and attributes.Safalta Digital Marketing Institute in Noida is a first choice for young individuals or students who are looking to start their careers in the field of digital advertising. The institute gives specialized courses designed and certification.
for beginners, providing thorough training in areas such as SEO, digital communication marketing, and PPC training in Noida. After finishing the program, students receive the certifications recognised by top different universitie, setting a strong foundation for a successful career in digital marketing.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
1. CS 150 – Fall 2005 - Lec #25 –
Design Methodology – 1
Digital Design Methodology (Revisited)
Design Methodology
Design Specification
Verification
Synthesis
Technology Options
Full Custom VLSI
Standard Cell ASIC
FPGA
2. CS 150 – Fall 2005 - Lec #25 –
Design Methodology – 2
Design Methodology: Big Picture
Design Specification
Design Partition
Design Entry
Behavioral Modeling
Simulation/Functional
Verification
Pre-Synthesis
Sign-Off
Synthesize and Map
Gate-level Net List
Postsynthesis
Design Validation
Postsynthesis
Timing Verification
Test Generation and
Fault Simulation
Cell Placement/Scan
Insertation/Routing
Verify Physical and
Electrical Rules
Synthesize and Map
Gate-level Net List
Design Integration
And Verification
Design Sign-Off
3. CS 150 – Fall 2005 - Lec #25 –
Design Methodology – 3
Design Specification
Written statement of functionality, timing, area,
power, testability, fault coverage, etc.
Functional specification methods:
State Transition Graphs
Timing Charts
Algorithm State Machines (like flowcharts)
HDLs (Verilog and VHDL)
4. CS 150 – Fall 2005 - Lec #25 –
Design Methodology – 4
Design Partition
Partition to form an Architecture
Interacting functional units
Control vs. datapath separation
Interconnection structures within datapath
Structural design descriptions
Components described by their behaviorals
Register-transfer descriptions
Top-down design method exploiting hierarchy and reuse of
design effort
5. CS 150 – Fall 2005 - Lec #25 –
Design Methodology – 5
Design Entry
Primary modern method: hardware description language
Higher productivity than schematic entry
Inherently easy to document
Easier to debug and correct
Easy to change/extend and hence experiment with alternative
architectures
Synthesis tools map description into generic technology
description
E.g., logic equations or gates that will subsequently be mapped into
detailed target technology
Allows this stage to be technology independent (e.g., FPGA LUTs or
ASIC standard cell libraries)
Behavioral descriptions are how it is done in industry today
6. CS 150 – Fall 2005 - Lec #25 –
Design Methodology – 6
Simulation and Functional Verification
Simulation vs. Formal Methods
Test Plan Development
What functions are to be tested and how
Testbench Development
Testing of independent modules
Testing of composed modules
Test Execution and Model Verification
Errors in design
Errors in description syntax
Ensure that the design can be synthesized
The model must be VERIFIED before the design methodology can
proceed
7. CS 150 – Fall 2005 - Lec #25 –
Design Methodology – 7
Design Integration and Verification
Integrate and test the individual components that
have been independently verified
Appropriate testbench development and integration
Extremely important step and one that is often the
source of the biggest problems
Individual modules thoroughly tested
Integration not as carefully tested
Bugs lurking in the interface behavior among modules!
8. CS 150 – Fall 2005 - Lec #25 –
Design Methodology – 8
Presynthesis Sign-off
Demonstrate full functionality of the design
Make sure that the behavior specification meets the
design specification
Does the demonstrated input/output behavior of the HDL
description represent that which is expected from the
original design specification
Sign-off only when all functional errors have been
eliminated
9. CS 150 – Fall 2005 - Lec #25 –
Design Methodology – 9
Gate-Level Synthesis and Technology
Mapping
Once all syntax and functional errors have been eliminated,
synthesize the design from the behavior description
Optimized Boolean description
Map onto target technology
Optimizations include
Minimize logic
Reduce area
Reduce power
Balance speed vs. other resources consumed
Produces netlist of standard cells or database to configure
target FPGA
10. CS 150 – Fall 2005 - Lec #25 –
Design Methodology – 10
Postsynthesis Design Validation
Does gate-level synthesized logic implement the same
input-output function as the HDL behavioral
description?
Verilog
Behavioral Desc
Gate-Level Desc
Logic
Synthesis
Stimulus
Generator
Testbench for Postsynthesis
Design Validation
Response
Comparator
11. CS 150 – Fall 2005 - Lec #25 –
Design Methodology – 11
Postsynthesis Timing Verification
Are the timing specifications met?
Are the speeds adequate on the critical paths?
Can’t accurately be determined until actual physical layout is
understood and analyzed—length of wires, relative placement
of sources and sinks, number of switch matrix crosspoints
traversed, etc.
Resynthesis may be required to achieve timing goals
Resize transistors
Modify architecture
Choose a different target device or technology
12. CS 150 – Fall 2005 - Lec #25 –
Design Methodology – 12
Test Generation and Fault Simulation
This is NOT about debugging the design!
Design should be correct at this stage, so …
Determine set of test vectors to test for inherent fabrication
flaws
Need a quick method to sort out the bad from the good chips
More exhaustive testing may be necessary for chips that pass the
first level
More relevant for ASIC design than FPGAs
Avoiding this step is one of the advantages of using the FPGA approach
Fault simulation is used to determine how complete are the test
vectors
13. CS 150 – Fall 2005 - Lec #25 –
Design Methodology – 13
Placement and Routing
ASIC Standard Cells
Select the cells and placement them on the mask
Interconnect the placed cells
Choose implementation scheme for critical signals
E.g., Clock distribution trees to minimize skew
Insert scan paths
FPGAs
Placing functions into particular CLBs/Slices and committing
interconnections to particular wires in the switch matrix
14. CS 150 – Fall 2005 - Lec #25 –
Design Methodology – 14
Physical and Electrical Design Rule Check
Applies to ASICs primarily
Are mask geometries correct to insure high probability of
successful fabrication?
Fan-outs correct? Crosstalk signals within specification?
Current drops within specification? Noise levels ok? Power
dissipation acceptable?
Many of these issues are not significant at a chip level
for an FPGA but may be an issue for the system that
incorporates the FPGA
15. CS 150 – Fall 2005 - Lec #25 –
Design Methodology – 15
Parasitic Extraction
Extract geometric information from design to
determine capacitance
Yields a much more realistic model of signal
performance and delay
Are the speed (timing) and power goals of the design
still met?
Could trigger another redesign/resythesize cycle if
not met
16. CS 150 – Fall 2005 - Lec #25 –
Design Methodology – 16
Design Sign-off
All design constraints have been met
Timing specifications have been met
Mask set ready for fabrication
17. CS 150 – Fall 2005 - Lec #25 –
Design Methodology – 17
SIA Roadmap—Technology Trends
Transistor
Gate Length
Transistors
per cm2
Chip Size
1999
0.14 µm
14 million
800 mm2
2001
0.12 µm
16 million
850 mm2
2003
0.10 µm
24 million
900 mm2
2006
0.07 µm
40 million
1000 mm2
2009
0.05 µm
64 million
1100 mm2
2012
0.035 µm
100 million
1300 mm2
18. CS 150 – Fall 2005 - Lec #25 –
Design Methodology – 18
Alternative Technologies
Standard Chips
Commonly used logic functions
Small amount of circuitry, order 100 transistors
Popular through the early 1980s
Programmable Logic Devices
Generalized structure with programmable switches to allow
(re)configuration in many different ways
PALs, PLAs, FPGAs
FPGAs go up 10+ million transistors
Widely used today
Custom-Designed Chips
Semi-custom: Gate Arrays, Standard Cells
Full-custom
19. CS 150 – Fall 2005 - Lec #25 –
Design Methodology – 19
Comparison of Implementation
Technologies
Full Custom Chips
Largest number of logic gates and highest speed
Microprocessors and memory chips
Created from scratch as a custom layout
Significant design effort and design time
Standard Cell (ASIC) Variation
Gate arrays: prefab’d gates and routing channels
Can be stockpiled
Customization comes from completing the wiring layer
Library cells: predesigned logic, custom placed and routed
All process layers are fabricated for a given design
Design time is accelerated, but implementation time is still slow
20. CS 150 – Fall 2005 - Lec #25 –
Design Methodology – 20
Comparison of Implementation Technologies
Field Programmable Gate Arrays
Combines advantages of ASIC density with fast
implementation process
Nature of the programmable interconnect leads to slower
performing designs than that possible with other approaches
Appropriate for prototyping, where speed to implementation
is the key factor (CS 150!)
Or where density is important but the unit volumes are not
large enough to justify the design effort and costs
associated with custom-designed approaches
21. CS 150 – Fall 2005 - Lec #25 –
Design Methodology – 21
Alternative Technologies for IC
Implementation
Market Volume
to Amortize
Time to
Prototype
Nonrecurring engineering cost
Process Complexity
Density, speed, complexity
PLDs
FGPAs
Gate Arrays
Standard
Cells
Full Custom
IC
22. CS 150 – Fall 2005 - Lec #25 –
Design Methodology – 22
Die Photos: Vertex vs. Pentium IV
FGPA Vertex chip looks remarkably well structured
Very dense, very regular structure
Full Custom Pentium chip somewhat more random in
structure
Large on-chip memories (caches) are visible