This paper presents design, implementation and analysis of an ultra-wideband (UWB) band-pass-filter using parallel-coupled microstrip line with defective ground plane and a uniform multi mode resonator. The structure of the filter is designed on microwave substrate GML 1000 of dielectric constant 3.2 and
height is 0.762 mm. Simulation is carried out by CST MSW software and optimized structure is fabricated. The frequency response is measured on vector analyzer and measured results show close approximation with simulation results. In this article modeling of the proposed filter is also reported. The
electric model of the filter is analyzed by circuit theory and MATLAB. This model is validated by comparing the results with the CST simulation and VNA measured results. This filter is compact in size of dimension 30˟1.87 mm2 may be useful for modern wireless application of communication.
In this paper, UWB technology operating in broad
frequency range of 3.1-10.6 GHz has shown great achievement
for high- speed wireless communications. to satisfy the UWB
system requirements, a band pass filter with a broad pass
band width, low insertion loss, and high stop-band suppression.
UWB band-pass filter (BPF) with wireless local area network
(WLAN) notch at 5.8 GHz and 3-dB fractional bandwidth of
108% using a microstrip structure is presented. Initially a
two transmission pole UWB band pass filter in the frequency
range 3.1-10.6 GHz is achieved by design a parallel-coupled
microstrip line with defective ground plane structure using
GML 1000 substrate with specification: dielectric constant 3.2
and thickness 0.762 mm at centre frequency 6.85 GHz. In this
structure a ë/4 open circuited stub is introduced to achieve the
notch at 5.8 GHz to avoid the interference with WLAN
frequency with lies the desired UWB band. The design
structure was simulated on electromagnetic circuit simulation
software and fabricated by microwave integrated circuit
technique. The measured VNA results show the close
agreement with simulated results.
DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF COMPACT UWB BAND PASS FILTERijeljournal
This paper presents design, implementation and analysis of an ultra-wideband (UWB) band-pass-filter using parallel-coupled microstrip line with defective ground plane and a uniform multi-mode resonator. The structure of the filter is designed on microwave substrate GML 1000 of dielectric constant 3.2 and height is 0.762 mm. Simulation is carried out by CST MSW software and optimized structure is fabricated. The frequency response is measured on vector analyzer and measured results show close approximation with simulation results. In this article modeling of the proposed filter is also reported. The electric model of the filter is analyzed by circuit theory and MATLAB. This model is validated by comparing the results with the CST simulation and VNA measured results. This filter is compact in size of dimension 30˟1.87 mm2 may be useful for modern wireless application of communication.
A novel cross-coupled microstrip bandpass filter with hairpin-DGS resonators ...TELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
This paper introduces a new design of a cross-coupled microstrip bandpass filter (MBPF) based on hairpin defected ground structure (DGS) resonators using accurate coupling matrix (CM) technique for microwave communication systems. The article presents the equivalent circuit of the suggested MBPF based on the DGS equivalent circuit model derived from the equivalent inductance and capacitance that occurs despite the presence of the slots disrupting the current in the ground layer. The paper investigates also the different external coupling mechanisms that the feed configuration affects significantly the filter response. In this paper, a four order Chebyshev topology has been adopted for designing the filter to suppress harmonics and achieve a very compact size and a wide stopband with two transmission zeros.
In this paper, UWB technology operating in broad
frequency range of 3.1-10.6 GHz has shown great achievement
for high- speed wireless communications. to satisfy the UWB
system requirements, a band pass filter with a broad pass
band width, low insertion loss, and high stop-band suppression.
UWB band-pass filter (BPF) with wireless local area network
(WLAN) notch at 5.8 GHz and 3-dB fractional bandwidth of
108% using a microstrip structure is presented. Initially a
two transmission pole UWB band pass filter in the frequency
range 3.1-10.6 GHz is achieved by design a parallel-coupled
microstrip line with defective ground plane structure using
GML 1000 substrate with specification: dielectric constant 3.2
and thickness 0.762 mm at centre frequency 6.85 GHz. In this
structure a ë/4 open circuited stub is introduced to achieve the
notch at 5.8 GHz to avoid the interference with WLAN
frequency with lies the desired UWB band. The design
structure was simulated on electromagnetic circuit simulation
software and fabricated by microwave integrated circuit
technique. The measured VNA results show the close
agreement with simulated results.
DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF COMPACT UWB BAND PASS FILTERijeljournal
This paper presents design, implementation and analysis of an ultra-wideband (UWB) band-pass-filter using parallel-coupled microstrip line with defective ground plane and a uniform multi-mode resonator. The structure of the filter is designed on microwave substrate GML 1000 of dielectric constant 3.2 and height is 0.762 mm. Simulation is carried out by CST MSW software and optimized structure is fabricated. The frequency response is measured on vector analyzer and measured results show close approximation with simulation results. In this article modeling of the proposed filter is also reported. The electric model of the filter is analyzed by circuit theory and MATLAB. This model is validated by comparing the results with the CST simulation and VNA measured results. This filter is compact in size of dimension 30˟1.87 mm2 may be useful for modern wireless application of communication.
A novel cross-coupled microstrip bandpass filter with hairpin-DGS resonators ...TELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
This paper introduces a new design of a cross-coupled microstrip bandpass filter (MBPF) based on hairpin defected ground structure (DGS) resonators using accurate coupling matrix (CM) technique for microwave communication systems. The article presents the equivalent circuit of the suggested MBPF based on the DGS equivalent circuit model derived from the equivalent inductance and capacitance that occurs despite the presence of the slots disrupting the current in the ground layer. The paper investigates also the different external coupling mechanisms that the feed configuration affects significantly the filter response. In this paper, a four order Chebyshev topology has been adopted for designing the filter to suppress harmonics and achieve a very compact size and a wide stopband with two transmission zeros.
Design and optimization of microstrip filtering antenna with modified shaped ...TELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
This paper presents a new compact microstrip filtering antenna with modified shaped slots to improve the impedance bandwidth. The proposed microstrip filtering antenna consists of three parts; the monopole radiating patch antenna, the SIR filter, and the feeding microstrip line. The design structure is achieved on one sided glass epoxy FR-4 substrate with dielectric constant ε_r = 4.4 and thickness of h = 1.6 mm. The design procedures of the proposed filtering antenna starts from the second order Chebyshev low pass filter prototype. The simulation results throughout this article are done by a computer simulation technology (CST) software. The simulated results have been achieved show good performance of S11-parameter and broad side antenna gain on +z-direction. This design has two transmission zeros at 5.4 GHz and 7.7 GHz, and bandwidth (B.W) of about 1.66 GHz so; it is suitable for high speed data communication. This design has good skirt selectivity.
Design and Fabrication of the Novel Miniaturized Microstrip Coupler 3dB Using...TELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
In this work, a novel miniaturized compact coupler using the shunt-stubs artificial transimission
lines with high and low impedances is presented. Design of the proposed coupler is accomplished by
modifying the length and impedance of the branch lines in the conventional structure with the planar
resonators in order to achieve branch line coupler with compact size and improvement of the
performances. First part of this work is focusing on the theorical study of the proposed resonators where
the equations are obtained. Secondly, the proposed coupler is designed on FR4 susbtrate, and simulated
by using the EM Solver (ADS from Agilent technologies and CST microwave studio) in order to operate in
the ISM band. The obtained results show good agreement with the simulations and the coupler shows a
good perfo6rmance in the hole bandwidth. The size of the proposed coupler is reduced around 50%
compared to the conventional design. The last part conerns the fabrication and test of the proposed
coupler. The measurement and simulation results are in good agreements.
A Low Power down Conversion CMOS Gilbert Mixer for Wireless CommunicationsIJERA Editor
In this paper a design of low power 2.4GHz (RF) down conversion Gilbert Cell mixer, implemented in 0.18μm
CMOS technology with 1.8V supply voltage is presented. The obtained result shows a conversion gain equal to
6.7dB and third order Input intercept point -1db, power consumption of 3.86mW at 1.8V supply voltage. The
50Ω matched impedance condition is applicable. Result shows a good potential of this CMOS mixer and justify
its use for low-power wireless communications.
Average Channel Capacity of Amplify-and-forward MIMO/FSO Systems Over Atmosph...IJECEIAES
In amplify-and-forward (AF) relay channel, when the direct link between source and destination terminals is deeply faded, the signal from the source terminal to the destination terminal propagates through the relay terminals, each of which relays a signal received from the previous terminal to the next terminal in series. This paper, we theoretically analyze the performance of multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) AF free-space optical (FSO) systems. The AF-MIMO/FSO average channel capacity (ACC), which is expressed in terms of average spectral efficiency (ASE) is derived taking into account the atmospheric turbulence effects on the MIMO/FSO channel. They are modeled by log-normal and the gamma-gamma distributions for the cases of weak-to-strong turbulence conditions. We extract closed form mathematical expression for the evaluation of the ACC and we quantitatively discuss the influence of turbulence strength, link distance, different number of relay stations and different MIMO configurations on it.
Theoretical Analysis of a two-stage Sagnac loop filter Using Jones Matrices IJECEIAES
In this work, a theoretical analysis of a Sagnac loop filter (SLF) with twostage polarization maintaining fibers (PMFs) and polarization controllers (PCs) is presented. The transmission function of this two-stage SLF is calculated in detail by using Jones matrix. The calculation is performed in order to investigate the filtering characteristics. The theoretical results show that the wavelength interval is depending on the dynamic settings of the length of the PMFs and the polarization angle of the PCs. By changing the polarization angle of the PCs, a multiple of single, dual or triple wavelength in each channel can be achieved. Based on this study, a flat multiwavelength spectrum can be obtained by adjusting the PMFs and the PCs in the twostage SLF. This finding significantly contributes to the generation of multiwavelength fiber laser (MWFL) that can be used for many optical applications.
This paper relates the new topology and simulations of a fully differential CMOS active filter for mm wave band applications. The advantages of the differential topology over the single ended one are discussed and the quality factor is tuned to insure application requirements, including narrow bandwidth and high selectivity due to a differential negative resistance that reuses the filter’s current. Using this topology enables independent tuning of the quality factor and low power consumption while compensating the resistive loss of the filter. Very high filter performance was obtained with the simulated active inductor based active filter that was designed using CMOS 0.35 µm technology from AMS foundry and that resonates at 30 GHz with a high quality factor of Q > 500.
This paper presents the verification of soft switching condition for three-phase AC to DC current injection hybrid resonant converter (CIHRC) with wireless power transfer (WPT) function. Details on the operation of current injection technique with the lossless zero voltage switching (ZVS) condition on shaping the high power factor of supply current waveforms are presented. With a suitable high switching frequency operation, the proposed resonant converter is capable to operate with ZVS conditions, thus, allowing reduction in the size of inductive and magnetic components. Selected results are also presented to verify the lossless ZVS condition for three-phase AC-DC CIHRC with WPT function.
Review on High Gain and High Performance N Polar GaN MIS HEMT at 30 GHzijtsrd
The GaN HEMTs are well suited for receiver applications. But non linearities, such as third order inter modulation products can lead to signal distortion. Such non linearities are dominated by transconductance and its derivatives. A modified device structure of N polar GaN MIS HEMTs designed for high gain, have excellent linearity performance for low power receiver applications at 30 GHz. An OIP3 PDC of up to 15dB is demonstrated at 30 GHz using a vector receiver load pull system. Padmam Gopinath Kaimal "Review on High Gain and High Performance N-Polar GaN MIS-HEMT at 30 GHz" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-1 , December 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd38158.pdf Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/38158/review-on-high-gain-and-high-performance-npolar-gan-mishemt-at-30-ghz/padmam-gopinath-kaimal
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Digital signal processing techniques for lti fiber impairment compensationeSAT Journals
Abstract Coherent detection is one of the active research areas for the development of high speed, high spectral efficient optical communication network. Digital signal processing is the important technique for compensating the fiber transmission impairments because of number of advantages such as signal can be amplified, delayed, splitted and manipulated without degrading the signal quality. This paper presents DSP compensation algorithms for linear time invariant (LTI) impairment such as chromatic dispersion (CD) and polarization mode dispersion (PMD) in optical fiber communication. We presented a mathematical framework for compensation of LTI fiber impairments. This paper also focuses the different compensation methods both in time and frequency domain for chromatic dispersion compensation. These DSP techniques confirm that coherent detection with high data rates will become feasible in future for compensating transmission impairments. Keywords: Coherent Detection, Chromatic Dispersion, Polarization Mode Dispersion
A Fault Detection and Classification Method for SC Transmission Line Using Ph...paperpublications3
Abstract: In this paper, fault detection and classification for Series Compensated Line (SCL) using phasor measurement unit is presented. The algorithm presented in this paper uses the PMU synchronized measurements and not depends on the data to be provided by the electricity utility. The compensated line parameters and Thevenin’s equivalent (TE) of the system at SCL terminals are calculated online, using three independent sets of pre-fault phasor measurements. The accuracy of fault location is performed with respect to fault location/position, types of fault, fault angle. The accuracy of the algorithm is simulated in MATLAB for 9-bus transmission system.
Carbon nano tube based delay model for high speed energy efficient on chip da...elelijjournal
Speed is a major concern for high density VLSI networks. In this paper the closed form delay model for current mode signalling in VLSI interconnects has been proposed with resistive load termination.RLC interconnect line is modelled using characteristic impedance of transmission line and inductive effect.The inductive effect is dominant at lower technology node is modelled into an equivalent resistance. In this model first order transfer function is designed using finite difference equation, and by applying the boundary conditions at the source and load termination. It has been observed that the dominant pole determines system response and delay in the proposed model. Using CNIA tool (carbon nanotube interconnect analyzer) the interconnect line parameters has been estimated at 45nm technology node. The novel proposed current mode model superiority has been validated for CNT type of material. It superiority factor remains to 66.66% as compared to voltage mode signalling. And current mode dissipates 0.015pJ energy where as VM consume 0.045pJ for a single bit transmission across the interconnect over CNT
material. Secondly the damping factor of a lumped RLC circuit is shown to be a useful figure of merit.
This paper presents the design and analysis of a relatively new wireless power transfer technique using capacitive coupling, named Capacitive power transfer (CPT). In general, CPT system has been introduced as an attractive alternative to the former inductive coupling method. This is because CPT uses lesser number of components, simpler topology, enhanced EMI performance and better strength to surrounding metallic elements. In this work, aluminium sheet is used as a capacitive coupling at transmitter and receiver side. Moreover, a Class-E resonant inverter together with π1a impedance matching network has been proposed because of its ability to perform the dc-to-ac inversion well. It helps the CPT system to achieve maximum power transfer. The CPT system is designed and simulated by using MATLAB/Simulink software. The validity of the proposed concept is then verified by conducting a laboratory experimental of CPT system. The proposed system able to generate a 9.5W output power through a combined interface capacitance of 2.44nF, at an operating frequency of 1MHz, with 95.10% efficiency. The proposed CPT system with impedance matching network also allows load variation in the range of 20% from its nominal value while maintaining the efficiency over 90%.
This paper presents a new structure to implement compact narrowband high-rejection microstrip band-stop filter (BSF). This structure is the combination of two traditional BSFs: Spurline filter and BSF using defected ground structure (DGS). Due to inherently compact characteristics of both Spurline and interdigital capacitance (used as DGS), the proposed filter shows a better rejection performance than Spurline filter and open stub conventional BSF without increasing the circuit size. From, the proposed BSF has a rejection of better than 20dB and the maximum rejection level of 41dB.
Design and optimization of microstrip filtering antenna with modified shaped ...TELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
This paper presents a new compact microstrip filtering antenna with modified shaped slots to improve the impedance bandwidth. The proposed microstrip filtering antenna consists of three parts; the monopole radiating patch antenna, the SIR filter, and the feeding microstrip line. The design structure is achieved on one sided glass epoxy FR-4 substrate with dielectric constant ε_r = 4.4 and thickness of h = 1.6 mm. The design procedures of the proposed filtering antenna starts from the second order Chebyshev low pass filter prototype. The simulation results throughout this article are done by a computer simulation technology (CST) software. The simulated results have been achieved show good performance of S11-parameter and broad side antenna gain on +z-direction. This design has two transmission zeros at 5.4 GHz and 7.7 GHz, and bandwidth (B.W) of about 1.66 GHz so; it is suitable for high speed data communication. This design has good skirt selectivity.
Design and Fabrication of the Novel Miniaturized Microstrip Coupler 3dB Using...TELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
In this work, a novel miniaturized compact coupler using the shunt-stubs artificial transimission
lines with high and low impedances is presented. Design of the proposed coupler is accomplished by
modifying the length and impedance of the branch lines in the conventional structure with the planar
resonators in order to achieve branch line coupler with compact size and improvement of the
performances. First part of this work is focusing on the theorical study of the proposed resonators where
the equations are obtained. Secondly, the proposed coupler is designed on FR4 susbtrate, and simulated
by using the EM Solver (ADS from Agilent technologies and CST microwave studio) in order to operate in
the ISM band. The obtained results show good agreement with the simulations and the coupler shows a
good perfo6rmance in the hole bandwidth. The size of the proposed coupler is reduced around 50%
compared to the conventional design. The last part conerns the fabrication and test of the proposed
coupler. The measurement and simulation results are in good agreements.
A Low Power down Conversion CMOS Gilbert Mixer for Wireless CommunicationsIJERA Editor
In this paper a design of low power 2.4GHz (RF) down conversion Gilbert Cell mixer, implemented in 0.18μm
CMOS technology with 1.8V supply voltage is presented. The obtained result shows a conversion gain equal to
6.7dB and third order Input intercept point -1db, power consumption of 3.86mW at 1.8V supply voltage. The
50Ω matched impedance condition is applicable. Result shows a good potential of this CMOS mixer and justify
its use for low-power wireless communications.
Average Channel Capacity of Amplify-and-forward MIMO/FSO Systems Over Atmosph...IJECEIAES
In amplify-and-forward (AF) relay channel, when the direct link between source and destination terminals is deeply faded, the signal from the source terminal to the destination terminal propagates through the relay terminals, each of which relays a signal received from the previous terminal to the next terminal in series. This paper, we theoretically analyze the performance of multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) AF free-space optical (FSO) systems. The AF-MIMO/FSO average channel capacity (ACC), which is expressed in terms of average spectral efficiency (ASE) is derived taking into account the atmospheric turbulence effects on the MIMO/FSO channel. They are modeled by log-normal and the gamma-gamma distributions for the cases of weak-to-strong turbulence conditions. We extract closed form mathematical expression for the evaluation of the ACC and we quantitatively discuss the influence of turbulence strength, link distance, different number of relay stations and different MIMO configurations on it.
Theoretical Analysis of a two-stage Sagnac loop filter Using Jones Matrices IJECEIAES
In this work, a theoretical analysis of a Sagnac loop filter (SLF) with twostage polarization maintaining fibers (PMFs) and polarization controllers (PCs) is presented. The transmission function of this two-stage SLF is calculated in detail by using Jones matrix. The calculation is performed in order to investigate the filtering characteristics. The theoretical results show that the wavelength interval is depending on the dynamic settings of the length of the PMFs and the polarization angle of the PCs. By changing the polarization angle of the PCs, a multiple of single, dual or triple wavelength in each channel can be achieved. Based on this study, a flat multiwavelength spectrum can be obtained by adjusting the PMFs and the PCs in the twostage SLF. This finding significantly contributes to the generation of multiwavelength fiber laser (MWFL) that can be used for many optical applications.
This paper relates the new topology and simulations of a fully differential CMOS active filter for mm wave band applications. The advantages of the differential topology over the single ended one are discussed and the quality factor is tuned to insure application requirements, including narrow bandwidth and high selectivity due to a differential negative resistance that reuses the filter’s current. Using this topology enables independent tuning of the quality factor and low power consumption while compensating the resistive loss of the filter. Very high filter performance was obtained with the simulated active inductor based active filter that was designed using CMOS 0.35 µm technology from AMS foundry and that resonates at 30 GHz with a high quality factor of Q > 500.
This paper presents the verification of soft switching condition for three-phase AC to DC current injection hybrid resonant converter (CIHRC) with wireless power transfer (WPT) function. Details on the operation of current injection technique with the lossless zero voltage switching (ZVS) condition on shaping the high power factor of supply current waveforms are presented. With a suitable high switching frequency operation, the proposed resonant converter is capable to operate with ZVS conditions, thus, allowing reduction in the size of inductive and magnetic components. Selected results are also presented to verify the lossless ZVS condition for three-phase AC-DC CIHRC with WPT function.
Review on High Gain and High Performance N Polar GaN MIS HEMT at 30 GHzijtsrd
The GaN HEMTs are well suited for receiver applications. But non linearities, such as third order inter modulation products can lead to signal distortion. Such non linearities are dominated by transconductance and its derivatives. A modified device structure of N polar GaN MIS HEMTs designed for high gain, have excellent linearity performance for low power receiver applications at 30 GHz. An OIP3 PDC of up to 15dB is demonstrated at 30 GHz using a vector receiver load pull system. Padmam Gopinath Kaimal "Review on High Gain and High Performance N-Polar GaN MIS-HEMT at 30 GHz" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-1 , December 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd38158.pdf Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/38158/review-on-high-gain-and-high-performance-npolar-gan-mishemt-at-30-ghz/padmam-gopinath-kaimal
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Digital signal processing techniques for lti fiber impairment compensationeSAT Journals
Abstract Coherent detection is one of the active research areas for the development of high speed, high spectral efficient optical communication network. Digital signal processing is the important technique for compensating the fiber transmission impairments because of number of advantages such as signal can be amplified, delayed, splitted and manipulated without degrading the signal quality. This paper presents DSP compensation algorithms for linear time invariant (LTI) impairment such as chromatic dispersion (CD) and polarization mode dispersion (PMD) in optical fiber communication. We presented a mathematical framework for compensation of LTI fiber impairments. This paper also focuses the different compensation methods both in time and frequency domain for chromatic dispersion compensation. These DSP techniques confirm that coherent detection with high data rates will become feasible in future for compensating transmission impairments. Keywords: Coherent Detection, Chromatic Dispersion, Polarization Mode Dispersion
A Fault Detection and Classification Method for SC Transmission Line Using Ph...paperpublications3
Abstract: In this paper, fault detection and classification for Series Compensated Line (SCL) using phasor measurement unit is presented. The algorithm presented in this paper uses the PMU synchronized measurements and not depends on the data to be provided by the electricity utility. The compensated line parameters and Thevenin’s equivalent (TE) of the system at SCL terminals are calculated online, using three independent sets of pre-fault phasor measurements. The accuracy of fault location is performed with respect to fault location/position, types of fault, fault angle. The accuracy of the algorithm is simulated in MATLAB for 9-bus transmission system.
Carbon nano tube based delay model for high speed energy efficient on chip da...elelijjournal
Speed is a major concern for high density VLSI networks. In this paper the closed form delay model for current mode signalling in VLSI interconnects has been proposed with resistive load termination.RLC interconnect line is modelled using characteristic impedance of transmission line and inductive effect.The inductive effect is dominant at lower technology node is modelled into an equivalent resistance. In this model first order transfer function is designed using finite difference equation, and by applying the boundary conditions at the source and load termination. It has been observed that the dominant pole determines system response and delay in the proposed model. Using CNIA tool (carbon nanotube interconnect analyzer) the interconnect line parameters has been estimated at 45nm technology node. The novel proposed current mode model superiority has been validated for CNT type of material. It superiority factor remains to 66.66% as compared to voltage mode signalling. And current mode dissipates 0.015pJ energy where as VM consume 0.045pJ for a single bit transmission across the interconnect over CNT
material. Secondly the damping factor of a lumped RLC circuit is shown to be a useful figure of merit.
This paper presents the design and analysis of a relatively new wireless power transfer technique using capacitive coupling, named Capacitive power transfer (CPT). In general, CPT system has been introduced as an attractive alternative to the former inductive coupling method. This is because CPT uses lesser number of components, simpler topology, enhanced EMI performance and better strength to surrounding metallic elements. In this work, aluminium sheet is used as a capacitive coupling at transmitter and receiver side. Moreover, a Class-E resonant inverter together with π1a impedance matching network has been proposed because of its ability to perform the dc-to-ac inversion well. It helps the CPT system to achieve maximum power transfer. The CPT system is designed and simulated by using MATLAB/Simulink software. The validity of the proposed concept is then verified by conducting a laboratory experimental of CPT system. The proposed system able to generate a 9.5W output power through a combined interface capacitance of 2.44nF, at an operating frequency of 1MHz, with 95.10% efficiency. The proposed CPT system with impedance matching network also allows load variation in the range of 20% from its nominal value while maintaining the efficiency over 90%.
This paper presents a new structure to implement compact narrowband high-rejection microstrip band-stop filter (BSF). This structure is the combination of two traditional BSFs: Spurline filter and BSF using defected ground structure (DGS). Due to inherently compact characteristics of both Spurline and interdigital capacitance (used as DGS), the proposed filter shows a better rejection performance than Spurline filter and open stub conventional BSF without increasing the circuit size. From, the proposed BSF has a rejection of better than 20dB and the maximum rejection level of 41dB.
In this paper, a low pass filter based on T-Shaped resonator is presented. The T-Shaped resonator consists of meandered lines and rectangular patches. Also, the LC model and transfer function of the proposed resonator is presented. For suppression of spurious harmonics, a bandstop structure consists of hexangular patches and open stubs has been utilized. Finally, the wide stopband microstrip lowpass filter with cutoff frequency 2.72 GHz has been simulated, fabricated and measured. The LPF has good characteristics such as wide stopband and insertion loss lower than 0.18 dB in the passband region. The rejection level is less than -20 dB from 2.98 up to 21.3 GHz. The filter size is 10.5 mm×12.7 mm, or 0.131 λg× 0.158 λg, where λg is the guided wavelength. The measured and simulated results of the filter is in good agreement with each other, which show the merits of low insertion loss and wide stopband.
MICROSTRIP COUPLED LINE FILTER DESIGN FOR ULTRA WIDEBAND APPLICATIONSjmicro
A compact microstrip parallel coupled line filter for ultra wide band applications by means of combining a network of coupled line and defected ground is proposed. The design equations for three and five interconnected networks are derived and implemented. Simulations for three different configurations for filters are optimized. Then three prototype circuits are constructed, a bandpass filter with center frequency 2.25 GHz and two different bandpass filters (in terms of perturbations) with center frequencies 2.33GHz.
For 2.25 GHz circuit wide fractional bandwidth of about 90% is obtained but undesired high return loss existed. For 2.33GHz circuit with grooves in sides fractional bandwidth of about 60% is obtained at about 3.4 GHz center frequency. However undesired return loss existed for this circuit whereas good out off or 2.33GHz circuit with grooves in whole sections the center frequency got shifted to about 3.4 GHz and about 50% fractional bandwidth is obtained with very good out off band performance observed.
3.4-3.9GHz Parallel Coupled Bandpass Filter with High Stopband Rejection and ...IJERA Editor
This paper presents the design, fabrication, and measurement of 3.4-3.9 GHz parallel coupled microstrip
bandpass filter. The EM simulation results indicate that the insertion loss varies between -1dB and -0.795dB at
the desired frequency band. Both input and output VSWRs show the maximum value of 1.28. More than 40dB
rejections out of band are witnessed at the stopbands of DC-2.7GHz and 4.85-7.45GHz. In contrast, the
measured insertion loss is a little poorer, changing from -1.87dB to -2.59dB, and above 40dB suppression is also
recorded at the same stopbands. A little higher input and output VSWRs, 1.415 and 1.404 are achieved in the
fabricated filter. These results demonstrate that the developed filter can be applied in 3.4-3.9GHz
communication systems.
3.4-3.9GHz Parallel Coupled Bandpass Filter with High Stopband Rejection and ...IJERA Editor
This paper presents the design, fabrication, and measurement of 3.4-3.9 GHz parallel coupled microstrip
bandpass filter. The EM simulation results indicate that the insertion loss varies between -1dB and -0.795dB at
the desired frequency band. Both input and output VSWRs show the maximum value of 1.28. More than 40dB
rejections out of band are witnessed at the stopbands of DC-2.7GHz and 4.85-7.45GHz. In contrast, the
measured insertion loss is a little poorer, changing from -1.87dB to -2.59dB, and above 40dB suppression is also
recorded at the same stopbands. A little higher input and output VSWRs, 1.415 and 1.404 are achieved in the
fabricated filter. These results demonstrate that the developed filter can be applied in 3.4-3.9GHz
communication systems.
A LOW POWER, LOW PHASE NOISE CMOS LC OSCILLATORIJEEE
In this paper a Double Cross Coupled Inductor capacitor based Voltage Control Oscillator (LC-VCO) is designed. In the proposed circuit the phase noise, tuning range with respect to control voltage, output power and the power dissipation of the circuit is analysed. Phase noise of approximate -96 dBc/Hz at frequency of 1MHz, frequency tuning range of 4.8 to 8.3 GHz (corresponding to 53.0% tuning range) obtained by varying the control voltage from 0 to 2.0 V, Output power of circuit -8.92 dBm at 50 Ohm resistance terminal and the power consumption of Circuit is 3.8 mW. This VCO are designed for 5.5 GHz. The circuit is designed on the UMC 180nm CMOS technology and all the simulation results are obtained using cadence SPECTRE Simulator.
Inter-connected coupled lines resonator topology for bandpass filter applicat...IJECEIAES
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Design and analysis of compact uwb band pass filter
1. International Journal of Electromagnetic ( IJEL ), Vol 2, No 1
1
DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF COMPACT UWB BAND
PASS FILTER
Satish Chand Gupta, Mithilesh Kumar and Ramswaroop Meena
University college of Engineering,
Rajasthan Technical University, Kota, Rajasthan, India
ABSTRACT
This paper presents design, implementation and analysis of an ultra-wideband (UWB) band-pass-filter
using parallel-coupled microstrip line with defective ground plane and a uniform multi-mode resonator.
The structure of the filter is designed on microwave substrate GML 1000 of dielectric constant 3.2 and
height is 0.762 mm. Simulation is carried out by CST MSW software and optimized structure is
fabricated. The frequency response is measured on vector analyzer and measured results show close
approximation with simulation results. In this article modeling of the proposed filter is also reported. The
electric model of the filter is analyzed by circuit theory and MATLAB. This model is validated by
comparing the results with the CST simulation and VNA measured results. This filter is compact in size of
dimension 30˟1.87 mm2 may be useful for modern wireless application of communication.
KEYWORDS
Multi-mode resonator (MMR), Fractional bandwidth (FBW), Ultra-wide band (UWB), Band pass filter
(BPF), Parallel-coupled microstrip line (PCML).
1. INTRODUCTION
In 2002, Federal Communication Commission (FCC) released Ultra-wide band (UWB) system
from 3.1 GHz to 10.6 GHz for the use of indoor and hand-held systems. Ultra- wideband
(UWB) band pass filters play a key role in the development of UWB systems [1]. After the
release of UWB, there were lot of challenges to design such a band pass filter, with a pass band
of the frequency range (3.1 GHz - 10.6 GHz), and a fractional bandwidth of 110% by
conventional method of filter design. Initially broad band filters were designed, and covered
only 30 to 40 % of UWB not the whole UWB [2].In [3-7] many researchers reported various
techniques, like aperture compensation, microstrip-coplanar waveguide structure design, ground
plane aperture technique and multiple-mode resonator were used to design UWB filters. Many
new techniques [8-13], like U-shaped slot coupling [8], asymmetric parallel-coupled lines [9],
right/left-handed transmission line [10], differential- mode wide band BPF using two stage
branch-line structures with open circuited stubs [11], tunable harmonic stepped-impedance
resonators [12] and parallel coupled line microstrip structure [13] were used to design the UWB
filters.
In this paper a design and analysis of a compact UWB filter is presented. In section 2, design
and development of the UWB filter using double PCML, MMR and DGS is demonstrated.
Small size stubs at input and output end are used for impedance matching to improve the
performance of the filter. The electrical analysis of the filter is mentioned in section 3. Finally
paper is concluded in section 4.
2. International Journal of Electromagnetic ( IJEL ), Vol 2, No 1
2
2. DESIGN OF UWB FILTER
The layout of the proposed structure is shown in Fig.1 which consists two parallel coupled
microstrip line (PCML) of quarter wave length with a rectangular shaped DGS and a uniform
multi-mode resonator (MMR). The designed structure of filter is simulated and optimized by
using CST Microwave Studio software by using microwave laminate GML 1000 of dielectric
constant 3.2, height h = 0.762 mm and loss tangent 0.001. The design parameters of the
proposed filter are mentioned in Table I.
Fig.1 Schematic of UWB filter
Table I: Design parameters of the UWB filter
Notation Parameters of the filter Dimensions
in( mm)
b Width of the feed line 1.83
a Length of the feed line 10.5
c Width of the stub 0.32
d Length of the stub 1.87
e Width of the PCML 1.71
f Length of PCML 6.94
g Length of MMR 11.32
h Width of MMR 1.71
i Length of DGS 6.74
j Height of DGS 6.5
k Spacing between PCML 0.11
The optimized filter is fabricated by conventional photo lithographic process and the photograph
of the fabricated filter is shown in Fig.2. The frequency response of the fabricated filter is
measured on Agilent Tech. E5071C ENA Vector Network Analyzer. The measured frequency
response is compared with the simulated frequency response which is shown in Fig.3.The
comparison results shown in Fig.3 are in close approximation to each other. The measured
results show insertion loss S21 of value better than -2.0 dB and return loss better than -10.0 dB
in the frequency range from 3.1 GHz to 10.6 GHz. A slight mismatch between measurement and
simulation result is due to the imperfection in measurement, fabrication process and the quality
of the substrate used.
3. International Journal of Electromagnetic ( IJEL ), Vol 2, No 1
3
(a) (b)
Fig.2 Photo graph of fabricated filter (a) Top view (b) bottom view
Fig.3 Comparison of frequency responses
3. ELECTRICAL ANALYSIS OF THE UWB FILTER
The electrical analysis of the proposed filter is carried out by making electrical equivalent of the
filter. The S-parameters of the electrical equivalent circuit is obtained by circuit theory. The
frequency response of this electrical equivalent is obtained by MATLAB and, it is compared
with the simulation results to justify the topology used to make the equivalent circuit of the
filter. The parallel coupled microstrip line with DGS, MMR and feed lines are the basic
components of the filter circuit. The overall electrical equivalent of this UWB filter can be
obtained by combing the equivalent circuit of individual components of the filter circuit.
4. International Journal of Electromagnetic ( IJEL ), Vol 2, No 1
4
3.1 Equivalnt Circuit of Feed Line
Microstrip line 50 ohm transmission line can be represented by distributed R, L, C and G
elements. At very high frequency in GHz range, resistive and conductive components can be
neglected and line is represented by reactive elements. A small section of feed line of 50 ohm
impedance can be represented by an inductance. Simulation results of physical line are
compared with its equivalent circuit simulation results is shown in Fig.4.
(c)
Fig.4 (a) Small section of feed line 50 ohm (b) Equivalent circuit of feed line of L0=0.8215 nH (c)
Comparison of results
3.2 Equivalent Circuit of Pcml
Parallel coupled microstrip line equivalent circuit can be explained by two mutually coupled
inductors and capacitors between line and ground [13]. L1 & L2 are self-inductance of the lines
and K12 is coupling coefficient between the lines. Capacitance between the line and ground are
indicated by C1 & C2 values. Comparison between the circuit simulation and physical line
simulation results is shown in Fig.5.
5. International Journal of Electromagnetic ( IJEL ), Vol 2, No 1
5
(a) (b)
(c)
Fig.5 (a) Physical line (b) Electrical Equivalent circuit of PCML(L1 = L2 = 3.58nH and K12 = 0.613) (c)
Comparison of results
The multi-mode resonator in microstrip structure is represented by an inductor. The overall
equivalent circuit of the UWB filter can determine by including the equivalent circuit of the
individual components of the filter, and it is shown in Fig.6
Fig.6 Electrical equivalent circuit of the UWB filter where L3 is assumed of value 1.81nH
6. International Journal of Electromagnetic ( IJEL ), Vol 2, No 1
6
The electrical equivalent circuit of the filter shown in Fig.6 is simulated on SERENIDE SV
8.5 circuit simulator and its frequency response is shown in Fig.7.The equivalent circuit shown
in Fig.7 can be simplified by considering two circuits connected in cascade fashion shown in
Fig.8.
Fig.7 Frequency response of electrical equivalent circuit of UWB filter.
3.3 Electrical Analysis of the Uwb Filter
The equivalent circuit of the UWB filter shown in Fig.6 can be analyzed by simple network
theory. The overall equivalent circuit is divided into two symmetrical circuits by splitting the
middle inductor into half of its value which is shown in Fig.7 the simplified version of the
equivalent circuit is shown in Fig.9.
Fig.8 Symmetrical equivalent circuit of UWB filter
7. International Journal of Electromagnetic ( IJEL ), Vol 2, No 1
7
Fig.9 Simplified equivalent circuit of UWB filter
The circuit shown in Fig.8 can be considered as cascaded connection of two networks. Overall
[ABCD] parameters of the circuit are calculated by matrix multiplication of [ABCD] parameters
of each network.
Fig.10 Network Equivalent circuit of the UWB filter
The overall ABCD parameters obtained by equation 1 are converted into S-parameters by
the following equations
The S-parameters obtained from equation 2&3 are calculated by using MATLAB and
simulation results are compared with CST simulation results and the SERENIDE circuit
simulation results. The close resemblance among the results shown in Fig.11 verifies the
proposed method of obtaining equivalent circuit of the filter.
8. International Journal of Electromagnetic ( IJEL ), Vol 2, No 1
8
(a)
(b)
Fig.11 Comparison of results (a) Return loss (S11) (b) Insertion Loss (S21)
4. CONCLUSIONS
A microstrip line UW BPF filter using parallel coupled microstrip line and multi-mode
resonator is presented in this paper. For demonstration the UWB BPF is designed, simulated
and fabricated. The measured frequency response of the filter shows band pass behavior in
frequency range from 3.1 GHz to 10.6 GHz with insertion loss less than -2.0 dB and return loss
better than -10.0 dB. The electrical equivalent circuit of the filter is also reported is this paper.
The proposed filter may be useful for wireless communication systems.
9. International Journal of Electromagnetic ( IJEL ), Vol 2, No 1
9
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