Describe how specific nucleosome positioning can promote transcri.pdf
•
0 likes•2 views
Describe how specific nucleosome positioning can promote transcriptional activation, or, alternatively, prevent it. If you wanted to precisely position a nucleosome on a given stretch of DNA, how could you do it? Describe how specific nucleosome positioning can promote transcriptional activation, or, alternatively, prevent it. If you wanted to precisely position a nucleosome on a given stretch of DNA, how could you do it? Solution Answer: Eukaryotes often possess complex euchromatin & heterochromatic organization with histone protein coiled around DNA so that a variety of enzymes may modify structure finally causes either gene expression by deacetylation or demethylation. Sometimes, high-uninterrupted gene expression may lead to due to methylation or epigenetic changes so that there are multiple level are there to exhibit gene regulation. DNA unwinding and template formation for coding mRNA from histone proteins; Eukaryotic cells possess increased levels of DNA binding proteins as transcriptional activators and gene repressors as well. Specific nucleosome positioning can promote transcriptional activation, or, alternatively, prevent it becuase the close proximity of DNA to either exit or entry points may have high likelihood to uncoil finally to undergo transcription from the DNA stretch using protein-nucleosomal remodeling complexes. The energy is used in the form of ATP to promote \"disruption of histone-DNA association\" finally promote gene expression. If you wanted to precisely position a nucleosome on a given stretch of DNA, it is crucial to ensue the accessibility of a binding site on \"histone-DNA binding point\" where it is the most critical point for \"activator or repressor\" to bind. We can change these positions on nucleosomes, using “DNA-binding proteins” to promote either transcription or repress transcription. Histone Acetylation only promotes gene expression but histone methylation inhibits gene expression During transcription regulation synergy can also achieved by binding one factor that change the structure of the chromatin thereby another binding site is going to be available more easily and readily or less readily. Initially, “transcription activating factor” is going to recruit a coactivator, which is followed by a histone acetyltransferase by acetylation associate with pulling chromatin apart. Regulatory domains of most activators interact with TFIID (transcription factor complexes) TFIIC, and TFIID to initiate transcription. Later repressor is going to recruit a corepressor, which is followed by a histone deacetylase that enable to squish the chromatin together. Synergy enable switching the genes on and off based on the DNA binding specificity finally promote integration of different transcription possible signals..
Report
Share
Report
Share
Download to read offline
Recommended
Revised- Gene regulatiion Eukaryotics.pdf
Gene regulation allows eukaryotic cells to control which genes are expressed and when. It occurs at multiple levels, including epigenetic, transcriptional, post-transcriptional, translational, and post-translational control. Epigenetic gene regulation involves DNA methylation and histone modification, which influence chromatin structure and accessibility. Transcriptional control involves transcription factors binding to promoters and enhancers to regulate RNA polymerase recruitment and transcription initiation. Post-transcriptional mechanisms include alternative splicing of pre-mRNA and regulation by microRNAs. Gene regulation enables cellular differentiation and response to environmental changes.
Gene regulation eukaryote spptx
The document discusses gene regulation in eukaryotic cells at multiple levels, including the genome, transcription, RNA processing, translation, and post-translational modification. It provides details on mechanisms that control gene expression, such as chromatin remodeling, DNA methylation, histone modification, and the roles of enhancers and transcription factors. Gene expression patterns differ between cell types due to differential regulation of specific gene sets in each tissue.
Regulation of gene expression saranya
regulation of gene expression in eukaryotes is a complex mechanism involved many factors. out of many levels of regulations, chromosomal and transcription level of regulation are discussed in this slides.
Epigenetics
Chromatin organization involves multiple levels of DNA packaging within the cell nucleus. The basic repeating unit is the nucleosome, which consists of 146bp of DNA wrapped around an octamer of histone proteins. Nucleosomes further compact into higher order structures like the 30nm fiber. Chromatin remodeling and epigenetic modifications like DNA methylation, histone acetylation and methylation regulate gene expression by altering chromatin structure and accessibility. These heritable changes in gene expression do not involve alterations to the underlying DNA sequence.
Gene silencing for crop improvement
This document provides an overview of gene silencing and the mechanisms involved. It discusses transcriptional gene silencing which can occur through genomic imprinting, paramutation, histone modifications, transgene silencing, position effects, and RNA-directed DNA methylation. It also discusses post-transcriptional gene silencing mechanisms like RNA interference, nonsense mediated decay, and small interfering RNAs. Some key cellular components that enable gene silencing are also described, such as microRNAs, Dicer, and RISC complex.
Epigenetics
1) The document discusses various epigenetic mechanisms including DNA methylation, covalent histone modifications, chromatin remodeling, and non-coding RNA. It describes how these mechanisms regulate gene expression without changing DNA sequences.
2) Key epigenetic processes discussed are RNA interference, X-chromosome inactivation, and genomic imprinting. Misregulation of epigenetic patterns are observed in many human diseases and cancers.
3) Techniques for studying epigenetics include sodium bisulfite conversion, methylation-sensitive restriction enzymes, MeDIP, ChIP, and whole genome sequencing. Integrating these with epigenomic data analysis provides tools to investigate epigenetic processes.
Chromatin remodeling
Chromatin remodeling involves modifying chromatin structure through two main classes of protein complexes: covalent histone-modifying complexes and ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling complexes. Covalent histone-modifying complexes catalyze addition or removal of elements like acetyl groups on histone tails, loosening or tightening DNA binding. ATP-dependent complexes use energy from ATP hydrolysis to move, eject, or restructure nucleosomes, exposing DNA for transcription. Chromatin remodeling plays a central role in gene expression regulation by providing dynamic access to the packaged genome.
Transcription factors and machinery
Transcription factors are proteins that regulate gene expression by binding to DNA and controlling the transcription of genes. They activate or repress transcription by interacting with RNA polymerase and other transcription factors at promoter and enhancer regions. This allows for precise control of which genes are expressed in different cell types and developmental stages. Transcription factors play a key role in cellular logic and decision-making by integrating various signals to determine whether a gene should be transcribed.
Recommended
Revised- Gene regulatiion Eukaryotics.pdf
Gene regulation allows eukaryotic cells to control which genes are expressed and when. It occurs at multiple levels, including epigenetic, transcriptional, post-transcriptional, translational, and post-translational control. Epigenetic gene regulation involves DNA methylation and histone modification, which influence chromatin structure and accessibility. Transcriptional control involves transcription factors binding to promoters and enhancers to regulate RNA polymerase recruitment and transcription initiation. Post-transcriptional mechanisms include alternative splicing of pre-mRNA and regulation by microRNAs. Gene regulation enables cellular differentiation and response to environmental changes.
Gene regulation eukaryote spptx
The document discusses gene regulation in eukaryotic cells at multiple levels, including the genome, transcription, RNA processing, translation, and post-translational modification. It provides details on mechanisms that control gene expression, such as chromatin remodeling, DNA methylation, histone modification, and the roles of enhancers and transcription factors. Gene expression patterns differ between cell types due to differential regulation of specific gene sets in each tissue.
Regulation of gene expression saranya
regulation of gene expression in eukaryotes is a complex mechanism involved many factors. out of many levels of regulations, chromosomal and transcription level of regulation are discussed in this slides.
Epigenetics
Chromatin organization involves multiple levels of DNA packaging within the cell nucleus. The basic repeating unit is the nucleosome, which consists of 146bp of DNA wrapped around an octamer of histone proteins. Nucleosomes further compact into higher order structures like the 30nm fiber. Chromatin remodeling and epigenetic modifications like DNA methylation, histone acetylation and methylation regulate gene expression by altering chromatin structure and accessibility. These heritable changes in gene expression do not involve alterations to the underlying DNA sequence.
Gene silencing for crop improvement
This document provides an overview of gene silencing and the mechanisms involved. It discusses transcriptional gene silencing which can occur through genomic imprinting, paramutation, histone modifications, transgene silencing, position effects, and RNA-directed DNA methylation. It also discusses post-transcriptional gene silencing mechanisms like RNA interference, nonsense mediated decay, and small interfering RNAs. Some key cellular components that enable gene silencing are also described, such as microRNAs, Dicer, and RISC complex.
Epigenetics
1) The document discusses various epigenetic mechanisms including DNA methylation, covalent histone modifications, chromatin remodeling, and non-coding RNA. It describes how these mechanisms regulate gene expression without changing DNA sequences.
2) Key epigenetic processes discussed are RNA interference, X-chromosome inactivation, and genomic imprinting. Misregulation of epigenetic patterns are observed in many human diseases and cancers.
3) Techniques for studying epigenetics include sodium bisulfite conversion, methylation-sensitive restriction enzymes, MeDIP, ChIP, and whole genome sequencing. Integrating these with epigenomic data analysis provides tools to investigate epigenetic processes.
Chromatin remodeling
Chromatin remodeling involves modifying chromatin structure through two main classes of protein complexes: covalent histone-modifying complexes and ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling complexes. Covalent histone-modifying complexes catalyze addition or removal of elements like acetyl groups on histone tails, loosening or tightening DNA binding. ATP-dependent complexes use energy from ATP hydrolysis to move, eject, or restructure nucleosomes, exposing DNA for transcription. Chromatin remodeling plays a central role in gene expression regulation by providing dynamic access to the packaged genome.
Transcription factors and machinery
Transcription factors are proteins that regulate gene expression by binding to DNA and controlling the transcription of genes. They activate or repress transcription by interacting with RNA polymerase and other transcription factors at promoter and enhancer regions. This allows for precise control of which genes are expressed in different cell types and developmental stages. Transcription factors play a key role in cellular logic and decision-making by integrating various signals to determine whether a gene should be transcribed.
Transcription factors and machinery
Transcription factors are proteins that regulate gene expression by binding to DNA and controlling the transcription of genes. They activate or repress transcription by interacting with RNA polymerase and other transcription factors at promoter and enhancer regions. This allows for precise control of which genes are expressed in different cell types and developmental stages. Transcription factors play a key role in cellular logic and decision-making by integrating various signals to determine whether a gene should be transcribed.
Gene Silencing by Histone Modification
Gene silencing can occur through histone modifications that create heterochromatin, making DNA inaccessible for transcription. Histone acetylation and methylation correlate with transcriptional activity. Acetylation reduces the affinity of histone tails for nucleosomes, affecting chromatin structure. Methylation recruits silencing proteins that bind methylated histones. In yeast, silencing involves deacetylation and methylation mediated by SIR proteins. DNA methylation can recruit histone deacetylases and methylases to modify nucleosomes and switch off gene expression in mammals. Epigenetic modifications are inherited as they recruit enzymes to propagate the same modifications to daughter chromosomes.
Eukaryotic Gene Regulation
Eukaryotic gene regulation involves complex organization and packaging of DNA into chromatin. Gene expression is controlled at multiple levels, including chromatin modification, transcription initiation, and post-transcriptional mechanisms. Transcription factors play a key role in regulating transcription by binding to enhancer and promoter elements to recruit RNA polymerase and initiate transcription of specific genes.
Activation of gene expression by transcription factors
in eukaryotic cells, environmental stimuli commonly lead to activation of transcription factors and alteration of gene expression levels1. ... For example, the interaction between a transcription factor and DNA can be perturbed by either a change in DNA sequence or a change in the accessibility of the DNA by nucleosomes
Regulation of gene expression in eukaryotes- An over view
Gene regulation is more complex in eukaryotes than prokaryotes due to larger and more complex eukaryotic genomes. Eukaryotic gene regulation involves chromatin remodeling, histone modifications, enhancers, repressors, locus control regions, insulators, gene amplification, rearrangement, alternative RNA processing, class switching, and mRNA stability regulation. Key mechanisms include histone acetylation/deacetylation, DNA methylation, transcription factor binding, and alternative splicing. Combinatorial control allows regulatory proteins to have different effects depending on cellular context.
Gene structure L2.pdf
The document discusses nuclear organization and gene structure. It begins by describing chromosomal DNA, nucleosomes, and the modern concept of gene organization. It then shows examples of DNA and RNA sequences, labeling promoters, coding regions, and ends. It explains components of eukaryotic genes such as promoters, transcription regions, exons, and introns. Finally, it discusses histone modification and its role in regulating gene expression and chromatin structure.
Mugdha's seminar msc sem 2
Mugdha Rangnath's seminar topic is on epigenetics. The document defines epigenetics as heritable changes in gene expression that do not involve changes to DNA sequence. It discusses several epigenetic mechanisms including DNA methylation, histone modifications, and non-coding RNA pathways. DNA methylation involves adding methyl groups to cytosine bases and can lead to gene silencing or activation. Histone modifications like acetylation and methylation can increase or decrease gene expression. Non-coding RNAs like miRNAs regulate genes by binding to mRNA. These epigenetic changes influence gene expression and cellular differentiation.
Gene_Expression.pdf
This document summarizes the process of gene expression in eukaryotic cells. It involves transcription of DNA into RNA, processing of the initial RNA transcript, transport of the processed mRNA to the cytoplasm, and translation of mRNA into protein. Transcription is the initial step and involves RNA polymerase recognizing promoter sequences on DNA and transcribing the gene into mRNA. Multiple transcription factors bind to promoter and enhancer sequences to help initiate transcription in a regulated manner.
Genome organization of prokaryotic and eukaryotic.ppt
Prokaryotic cells do not contain nuclei or other membrane-bound organelles.
The nucleoid is the area of a prokaryotic cell in which the chromosomal DNA is located.
Chromosome is several orders of magnitude larger than the cell itself.
So, if bacterial chromosomes are so huge, how can they fit comfortably inside a cell—much less in one small corner of the cell?
Most prokaryotes do not have histones (except some species of Archaea).
Thus, one way prokaryotes compress their DNA into smaller spaces is through supercoiling.
Most bacterial genomes are negatively supercoiled during normal growth.
Multiple proteins act together to fold and condense prokaryotic DNA.
One most abundant protein HU, found in the nucleoid, works with topoisomerase I to bind DNA and introduce sharp bends in the chromosome, Generating the tension necessary for negative supercoiling.
Recent studies… other proteins like integration host factor (IHF), can bind to specific sequences within the genome and introduce additional bends.
The folded DNA is then organized into a variety of conformations that are supercoiled and wound around tetramers of the HU protein, much like eukaryotic chromosomes are wrapped around histones.
Lecture_Chromatin remodelling_slideshare.pdf
1. Chromatin remodeling complexes use ATP hydrolysis to modify nucleosome structure and expose DNA for gene expression. The main classes are ATP-independent complexes and ATP-dependent complexes like ISWI and SWI/SNF.
2. Post-translational modifications of histone tails like acetylation, methylation, and phosphorylation can affect chromatin structure and transcription by altering DNA-histone interactions.
3. Chromatin remodeling is important for differential gene expression in specialized cell types and controlling DNA accessibility for transcription.
Transcription regulatory elements
This document discusses various classes of transcriptional regulatory elements. It begins by introducing transcriptional regulation and the basic transcriptional machinery. It then discusses the different elements that make up promoters, including the core promoter and proximal promoter elements. It also covers distal regulatory elements such as enhancers, silencers, insulators, and locus control regions. Enhancers can activate transcription from far away and silencers can repress it. Insulators protect genes from neighboring influences. Locus control regions coordinate expression of entire gene clusters.
about Epigenetic and Dana and every happend
Epigenetics refers to chemical modifications of DNA and histones that regulate gene expression without altering the underlying DNA sequence. There are several key epigenetic mechanisms:
1. Histone modifications such as acetylation and methylation can open or close chromatin and thereby activate or repress genes.
2. DNA methylation involves adding methyl groups to cytosine bases in CpG islands in gene promoters, repressing gene expression.
3. Non-coding RNAs can regulate genes as signals, decoys, guides, or scaffolds.
Epigenetic modifications are important for normal development and can be influenced by environmental factors. They regulate processes like X-chromosome inactivation and genomic imprinting, where genes are expressed based
Epigenetics- Transcription regulation of gene expression
This document provides information about epigenetics and histone modifications. It defines epigenetics as heritable changes in gene function that do not involve changes to the underlying DNA sequence. It discusses how histone modifications such as acetylation and methylation regulate gene expression by altering chromatin structure and recruiting other proteins. DNA methylation is also described as an important epigenetic modification that typically represses transcription. Several families of enzymes that establish these modifications, such as DNA methyltransferases and histone methyltransferases/acetyltransferases, are outlined.
Gene regulation in prokaryotes
This document discusses gene regulation in prokaryotes. It begins by introducing gene regulation and how prokaryotes regulate gene expression mainly through transcription. It then discusses two key examples - the lac operon and tryptophan operon. For the lac operon, it describes the structure of the operon, how the lac repressor binds to DNA in the absence of lactose to prevent transcription, and how lactose or allolactose binding induces a conformational change allowing transcription. It also discusses the positive role of cAMP and CAP protein in transcriptional activation of the lac operon.
Molbiol 2011-12-eukaryotic gene-expression
The document discusses gene expression and regulation in eukaryotes. It covers several key points in 3 sentences:
Eukaryotic genes require complex regulatory systems involving chromatin remodeling and transcription factors to initiate expression, unlike bacterial genes which can be transcribed without regulatory proteins. Development in multicellular organisms is controlled by signaling between cells using hormones and diffusible receptors which act as transcriptional regulators. Gene expression patterns in fruit flies establish polarity, segment the body, and determine segment identities through maternal, segmentation, and homeotic genes, providing insights into human developmental gene regulation.
Braj
Regulation of gene expression in eukaryotes can occur at multiple levels:
(1) The genome level through chromatin remodeling, DNA methylation, and gene amplification or rearrangement.
(2) The transcription level where transcription factors and cis-acting elements like promoters, enhancers, and silencers regulate RNA polymerase binding and activity.
(3) Post-transcriptional processing of transcripts through RNA editing, alternative splicing, and transcript degradation which expands proteomic complexity.
Bacterial transposable elements
Transposable elements are DNA sequences that can change their position within a genome. They are common in bacteria and include insertion sequences (IS elements) and larger transposons. IS elements are short sequences that can insert into bacterial chromosomes, while transposons are composed of IS elements flanking additional genes. Transposition occurs via either replicative or conservative mechanisms, with replicative resulting in duplication of the transposable element. Transposition can cause mutations but also increases genome flexibility and is useful for genetic engineering applications like insertional mutagenesis.
DNA Presentation
This document covers DNA replication, transcription, translation and gene expression. It discusses how DNA is copied through semi-conservative replication involving enzymes like DNA polymerase and how genes are expressed through transcription of DNA to mRNA and translation of mRNA to proteins. It also summarizes control of gene expression in prokaryotes through operons and in eukaryotes at multiple stages. Finally, it briefly touches on gene mutations, cancer and genetic modification of plants.
S15
The tight packing of chromatin can prevent gene transcription in several ways: by preventing transcription factors from binding DNA, preventing RNA polymerase from binding or forming an open complex, and preventing DNA looping which is necessary for activation. Iron regulatory protein (IRP) can affect gene expression at the RNA level in two ways: by inhibiting or increasing mRNA stability depending on whether it binds to the iron response element in the 5'UTR or 3'UTR. Eukaryotic response elements are orientation independent and can function in different locations through DNA looping bringing regulatory proteins and transcription factors together. Promoter bashing involves deleting segments of the upstream region of a gene to identify regulatory elements like enhancers and silencers based on their effects on reporter gene expression.
Transcription in prokaryotes and eukaryotes.pdf
1. Transcription is the process of copying DNA into mRNA, which carries genetic information from DNA in the nucleus to the cytoplasm for protein production. RNA polymerase copies one DNA strand into a complementary mRNA strand.
2. In prokaryotes, RNA polymerase initiates transcription by binding to promoter sequences upstream of genes. It then elongates the mRNA as it moves along the DNA template. Termination occurs via rho-dependent or rho-independent signals.
3. In eukaryotes, transcription requires transcription factors to recruit RNA polymerase to the promoter. The initial pre-mRNA product undergoes processing before becoming a mature mRNA for translation.
________ are characterized by small incisors and large premolars wit.pdf
________ are characterized by small incisors and large premolars with sharp crests.
a. Insectivores
b. Folivores
c. Faunivores
d. Frugivores
Solution
Folivores are characterized by small incisors and large premolar with sharp crest
Because they are basically herbivores taking cellulose rich leafs and plant stems so they need
proper chewing for digesting that.
Because of that usually they have large premolar and molar teeth and small or no incisors teeth..
Write a Java program that opens the file, reads all the Grade from t.pdf
The Java program opens a file, reads grades within it, and uses a method to calculate and display:
1) The grades with their letter values (A, B, C, etc.)
2) The sum of all grades in the file
3) The average of all grades in the file
More Related Content
Similar to Describe how specific nucleosome positioning can promote transcri.pdf
Transcription factors and machinery
Transcription factors are proteins that regulate gene expression by binding to DNA and controlling the transcription of genes. They activate or repress transcription by interacting with RNA polymerase and other transcription factors at promoter and enhancer regions. This allows for precise control of which genes are expressed in different cell types and developmental stages. Transcription factors play a key role in cellular logic and decision-making by integrating various signals to determine whether a gene should be transcribed.
Gene Silencing by Histone Modification
Gene silencing can occur through histone modifications that create heterochromatin, making DNA inaccessible for transcription. Histone acetylation and methylation correlate with transcriptional activity. Acetylation reduces the affinity of histone tails for nucleosomes, affecting chromatin structure. Methylation recruits silencing proteins that bind methylated histones. In yeast, silencing involves deacetylation and methylation mediated by SIR proteins. DNA methylation can recruit histone deacetylases and methylases to modify nucleosomes and switch off gene expression in mammals. Epigenetic modifications are inherited as they recruit enzymes to propagate the same modifications to daughter chromosomes.
Eukaryotic Gene Regulation
Eukaryotic gene regulation involves complex organization and packaging of DNA into chromatin. Gene expression is controlled at multiple levels, including chromatin modification, transcription initiation, and post-transcriptional mechanisms. Transcription factors play a key role in regulating transcription by binding to enhancer and promoter elements to recruit RNA polymerase and initiate transcription of specific genes.
Activation of gene expression by transcription factors
in eukaryotic cells, environmental stimuli commonly lead to activation of transcription factors and alteration of gene expression levels1. ... For example, the interaction between a transcription factor and DNA can be perturbed by either a change in DNA sequence or a change in the accessibility of the DNA by nucleosomes
Regulation of gene expression in eukaryotes- An over view
Gene regulation is more complex in eukaryotes than prokaryotes due to larger and more complex eukaryotic genomes. Eukaryotic gene regulation involves chromatin remodeling, histone modifications, enhancers, repressors, locus control regions, insulators, gene amplification, rearrangement, alternative RNA processing, class switching, and mRNA stability regulation. Key mechanisms include histone acetylation/deacetylation, DNA methylation, transcription factor binding, and alternative splicing. Combinatorial control allows regulatory proteins to have different effects depending on cellular context.
Gene structure L2.pdf
The document discusses nuclear organization and gene structure. It begins by describing chromosomal DNA, nucleosomes, and the modern concept of gene organization. It then shows examples of DNA and RNA sequences, labeling promoters, coding regions, and ends. It explains components of eukaryotic genes such as promoters, transcription regions, exons, and introns. Finally, it discusses histone modification and its role in regulating gene expression and chromatin structure.
Mugdha's seminar msc sem 2
Mugdha Rangnath's seminar topic is on epigenetics. The document defines epigenetics as heritable changes in gene expression that do not involve changes to DNA sequence. It discusses several epigenetic mechanisms including DNA methylation, histone modifications, and non-coding RNA pathways. DNA methylation involves adding methyl groups to cytosine bases and can lead to gene silencing or activation. Histone modifications like acetylation and methylation can increase or decrease gene expression. Non-coding RNAs like miRNAs regulate genes by binding to mRNA. These epigenetic changes influence gene expression and cellular differentiation.
Gene_Expression.pdf
This document summarizes the process of gene expression in eukaryotic cells. It involves transcription of DNA into RNA, processing of the initial RNA transcript, transport of the processed mRNA to the cytoplasm, and translation of mRNA into protein. Transcription is the initial step and involves RNA polymerase recognizing promoter sequences on DNA and transcribing the gene into mRNA. Multiple transcription factors bind to promoter and enhancer sequences to help initiate transcription in a regulated manner.
Genome organization of prokaryotic and eukaryotic.ppt
Prokaryotic cells do not contain nuclei or other membrane-bound organelles.
The nucleoid is the area of a prokaryotic cell in which the chromosomal DNA is located.
Chromosome is several orders of magnitude larger than the cell itself.
So, if bacterial chromosomes are so huge, how can they fit comfortably inside a cell—much less in one small corner of the cell?
Most prokaryotes do not have histones (except some species of Archaea).
Thus, one way prokaryotes compress their DNA into smaller spaces is through supercoiling.
Most bacterial genomes are negatively supercoiled during normal growth.
Multiple proteins act together to fold and condense prokaryotic DNA.
One most abundant protein HU, found in the nucleoid, works with topoisomerase I to bind DNA and introduce sharp bends in the chromosome, Generating the tension necessary for negative supercoiling.
Recent studies… other proteins like integration host factor (IHF), can bind to specific sequences within the genome and introduce additional bends.
The folded DNA is then organized into a variety of conformations that are supercoiled and wound around tetramers of the HU protein, much like eukaryotic chromosomes are wrapped around histones.
Lecture_Chromatin remodelling_slideshare.pdf
1. Chromatin remodeling complexes use ATP hydrolysis to modify nucleosome structure and expose DNA for gene expression. The main classes are ATP-independent complexes and ATP-dependent complexes like ISWI and SWI/SNF.
2. Post-translational modifications of histone tails like acetylation, methylation, and phosphorylation can affect chromatin structure and transcription by altering DNA-histone interactions.
3. Chromatin remodeling is important for differential gene expression in specialized cell types and controlling DNA accessibility for transcription.
Transcription regulatory elements
This document discusses various classes of transcriptional regulatory elements. It begins by introducing transcriptional regulation and the basic transcriptional machinery. It then discusses the different elements that make up promoters, including the core promoter and proximal promoter elements. It also covers distal regulatory elements such as enhancers, silencers, insulators, and locus control regions. Enhancers can activate transcription from far away and silencers can repress it. Insulators protect genes from neighboring influences. Locus control regions coordinate expression of entire gene clusters.
about Epigenetic and Dana and every happend
Epigenetics refers to chemical modifications of DNA and histones that regulate gene expression without altering the underlying DNA sequence. There are several key epigenetic mechanisms:
1. Histone modifications such as acetylation and methylation can open or close chromatin and thereby activate or repress genes.
2. DNA methylation involves adding methyl groups to cytosine bases in CpG islands in gene promoters, repressing gene expression.
3. Non-coding RNAs can regulate genes as signals, decoys, guides, or scaffolds.
Epigenetic modifications are important for normal development and can be influenced by environmental factors. They regulate processes like X-chromosome inactivation and genomic imprinting, where genes are expressed based
Epigenetics- Transcription regulation of gene expression
This document provides information about epigenetics and histone modifications. It defines epigenetics as heritable changes in gene function that do not involve changes to the underlying DNA sequence. It discusses how histone modifications such as acetylation and methylation regulate gene expression by altering chromatin structure and recruiting other proteins. DNA methylation is also described as an important epigenetic modification that typically represses transcription. Several families of enzymes that establish these modifications, such as DNA methyltransferases and histone methyltransferases/acetyltransferases, are outlined.
Gene regulation in prokaryotes
This document discusses gene regulation in prokaryotes. It begins by introducing gene regulation and how prokaryotes regulate gene expression mainly through transcription. It then discusses two key examples - the lac operon and tryptophan operon. For the lac operon, it describes the structure of the operon, how the lac repressor binds to DNA in the absence of lactose to prevent transcription, and how lactose or allolactose binding induces a conformational change allowing transcription. It also discusses the positive role of cAMP and CAP protein in transcriptional activation of the lac operon.
Molbiol 2011-12-eukaryotic gene-expression
The document discusses gene expression and regulation in eukaryotes. It covers several key points in 3 sentences:
Eukaryotic genes require complex regulatory systems involving chromatin remodeling and transcription factors to initiate expression, unlike bacterial genes which can be transcribed without regulatory proteins. Development in multicellular organisms is controlled by signaling between cells using hormones and diffusible receptors which act as transcriptional regulators. Gene expression patterns in fruit flies establish polarity, segment the body, and determine segment identities through maternal, segmentation, and homeotic genes, providing insights into human developmental gene regulation.
Braj
Regulation of gene expression in eukaryotes can occur at multiple levels:
(1) The genome level through chromatin remodeling, DNA methylation, and gene amplification or rearrangement.
(2) The transcription level where transcription factors and cis-acting elements like promoters, enhancers, and silencers regulate RNA polymerase binding and activity.
(3) Post-transcriptional processing of transcripts through RNA editing, alternative splicing, and transcript degradation which expands proteomic complexity.
Bacterial transposable elements
Transposable elements are DNA sequences that can change their position within a genome. They are common in bacteria and include insertion sequences (IS elements) and larger transposons. IS elements are short sequences that can insert into bacterial chromosomes, while transposons are composed of IS elements flanking additional genes. Transposition occurs via either replicative or conservative mechanisms, with replicative resulting in duplication of the transposable element. Transposition can cause mutations but also increases genome flexibility and is useful for genetic engineering applications like insertional mutagenesis.
DNA Presentation
This document covers DNA replication, transcription, translation and gene expression. It discusses how DNA is copied through semi-conservative replication involving enzymes like DNA polymerase and how genes are expressed through transcription of DNA to mRNA and translation of mRNA to proteins. It also summarizes control of gene expression in prokaryotes through operons and in eukaryotes at multiple stages. Finally, it briefly touches on gene mutations, cancer and genetic modification of plants.
S15
The tight packing of chromatin can prevent gene transcription in several ways: by preventing transcription factors from binding DNA, preventing RNA polymerase from binding or forming an open complex, and preventing DNA looping which is necessary for activation. Iron regulatory protein (IRP) can affect gene expression at the RNA level in two ways: by inhibiting or increasing mRNA stability depending on whether it binds to the iron response element in the 5'UTR or 3'UTR. Eukaryotic response elements are orientation independent and can function in different locations through DNA looping bringing regulatory proteins and transcription factors together. Promoter bashing involves deleting segments of the upstream region of a gene to identify regulatory elements like enhancers and silencers based on their effects on reporter gene expression.
Transcription in prokaryotes and eukaryotes.pdf
1. Transcription is the process of copying DNA into mRNA, which carries genetic information from DNA in the nucleus to the cytoplasm for protein production. RNA polymerase copies one DNA strand into a complementary mRNA strand.
2. In prokaryotes, RNA polymerase initiates transcription by binding to promoter sequences upstream of genes. It then elongates the mRNA as it moves along the DNA template. Termination occurs via rho-dependent or rho-independent signals.
3. In eukaryotes, transcription requires transcription factors to recruit RNA polymerase to the promoter. The initial pre-mRNA product undergoes processing before becoming a mature mRNA for translation.
Similar to Describe how specific nucleosome positioning can promote transcri.pdf (20)
Activation of gene expression by transcription factors
Activation of gene expression by transcription factors
Regulation of gene expression in eukaryotes- An over view
Regulation of gene expression in eukaryotes- An over view
Genome organization of prokaryotic and eukaryotic.ppt
Genome organization of prokaryotic and eukaryotic.ppt
Epigenetics- Transcription regulation of gene expression
Epigenetics- Transcription regulation of gene expression
More from fashiionbeutycare
________ are characterized by small incisors and large premolars wit.pdf
________ are characterized by small incisors and large premolars with sharp crests.
a. Insectivores
b. Folivores
c. Faunivores
d. Frugivores
Solution
Folivores are characterized by small incisors and large premolar with sharp crest
Because they are basically herbivores taking cellulose rich leafs and plant stems so they need
proper chewing for digesting that.
Because of that usually they have large premolar and molar teeth and small or no incisors teeth..
Write a Java program that opens the file, reads all the Grade from t.pdf
The Java program opens a file, reads grades within it, and uses a method to calculate and display:
1) The grades with their letter values (A, B, C, etc.)
2) The sum of all grades in the file
3) The average of all grades in the file
why do Private offices have a high sensible heat ratioSolution.pdf
why do Private offices have a high sensible heat ratio?
Solution
the private offives where the high concentration is demanded the high sensible heat ratio is
because to maintain the humidity in summer
SHR=SENSIBLE HEAT/TOTAL HEAT so if sensible heat ratio will high then total heat will
low and so in office temperature is maintain.
Why is payback and IRR more frequently used than NPV when it comes t.pdf
Why is payback and IRR more frequently used than NPV when it comes to evaluating projects?
Solution
Payback is very simple to understand and cheap to implement and can be done very quickly to
give an idea.
IRR gives return in terms of percentage and management would like to see the returns because
then they are not biased with the size of the project. But NPV is biased with the size of the
project..
What general environmental condition is represented by this assemblag.pdf
What general environmental condition is represented by this assemblage - marine or nonmarine?
(b) Based on the fossil assemblage, describe the energy of each environment (e.g. turbulent wave
environment, calm offshore or lagoon) Shale: Sandstone: Limestone: (c) Which unit shows the
greatest biological diversity?
Solution
b. Shale - Shale is said to be deposited by the lower to outer shelf below wave base under low
energy conditions. Black shale containing fossil plants represents swamp environments.
Sandstone - Siliclastic carbonate sandstone contains deposition from shallow marine with high
energy near shore depositional environment . Pebbly sand stone also contains high energy
environments of the shore face. The cross bed sandstone which is deposited in the upper part also
is deposited by high energy environment like storm.
Limestone - limestone units of packstone - rudstone are high energy deposits whereas
wackestone - floatstone are deposits of low energy below wave base. Limestone composed of
float stone to rug stone deposition indicates its transition from low to high energy deposition.
Sandy lime stone contains deposits of high energy.
c. Limestone contains calcium carbonate and it gives the property to the rock for identification. It
has greater biodiversity compared to other types of rocks..
What are some of the basic features of Excavates Discuss the differe.pdf
What are some of the basic features of Excavates? Discuss the difference among major classes
of organisms found in this. For the toolbar press ALT +F10 (PC) or ALT + FN + F10 (Mac)
Solution
Excavates are a diverse group of unicellular Protists with Flagella.These protists are so named
because many have a deep, or excavated, oral groove. Unlike other protists, excavates have
atypical, greatly modified mitochondria. Many excavates are endosymbionts and live in anoxic
(without oxygen) environment. These excavates do not carry out aerobic respiration; they obtain
energy by the anaerobic pathway of glycolysis (presumably by fermentation).
The representatives protest clades are dipplomonads and parabasalids with the key characters of
two or more flagella; ventral oral (feeding) groove and Euglenoids and trypanosomes with the
key characters of some with plastids; crystalline red in flagella
Example: SEM of Trichomonas vaginalis, a parabasalid.
Currently, excavates include dipomonads, parabasalids, euglenoids, and trypanosomes. The
inclusion of these organisms inti single superfamily is somewhat controversial because their
relationship to one another are uncertain. Additional studies will be needed to determine if the
excavates as currently presented are monophyletic group.
Diplomonads are small mostly parasitic flagellates
Diplomonads are excavates that have one or two nuclei, no functional mitochondria, no Golgi
complex, and up to eight flagella. Example: Giardia is a parasitic diplomonad. Interestingly,
Giardia has two haploid nuclei, each of which contains a complete copy of giardia’s genome.
Giardia lacks functional mitochondria, although it contains certain genes that code for proteins
associated with mitochondria in other organism. Giardia also has reduced structures that
somewhat resembles mitochoindria.
Giardia intestinalis is a major cause of water-borne diarrhea through the world. Giardia is
eliminated as a resistant cyst in the feces of many vertebrate animals. These cysts are common
contaminant in untreated drinking water.
Parabasilids are anaerobic endosymbionts that live in animals
Parabasilids are anaerobic, flagellated excavates that often live in animals. Trichonymphs and
trichomonads are examples of parabasilids. Trichonymphs, which have hundreds of flagella, live
in the guts of termites and wood-eating cockroaches. The trichonymphs rely on endosymbiotic
bacteria to digest cellulose in the wood. The insects, trichonymphs, and bacteria all obtain their
nutrients from this source. This is excellent example of mutualism..
True or False Disulfides are essential for cone-snail venoms acti.pdf
True or False: Disulfides are essential for cone-snail venom\'s activity
Solution
Answer:
True:
Cone snails are marine metazoans mainly they are going to catch they prey by generating toxins
or venoms to inactivate their prey. These venom components are composed of disulfide bonds, in
which hypervariable disulfide-rich structural domains going to inactivate the protein folding in
the prey so that disulfides in venome proteins are essential for cone-snail venom\'s activity.
To what extent do GUI editors generally allow developers to modify H.pdf
To what extent do GUI editors generally allow developers to modify HTML code manually?
Solution
GUI HTML editors allow you to create Web pages. In most cases, you enter and edit text similar
to the way you would in a word-processing application. Images, tables, links,bookmarks and so
forth can be created easily because the application writes the HTML code automatically
GUI Web site management editors provide both Web page creation and site management
functionality. They allow teams of designers and developers to work in an integrated
environment to design, build and manage Web site and Internet applications. In addition to
creating the Web pages, team members can manage the entire Web site with this type of
application, both during and after development. Site management includes task automation and
workflow integration with other programs (such as Microsoft Office and Web applications) in a
production environment.
GUI HTML editors such as KompoZer, Sea Monkey Composer, Dreamweaver and
Expression Web present the following advantages for Web page authors:
• GUI HTML editor to develop Web pages can save you time.
• GUI editors place code into files for you, which enables you to create pages quickly by simply
clicking your mouse.
• Most GUI editors allow you to modify your code manually At the time of this writing, HTML5
was not supported by any open-source GUI or WYSIWYG HTML editors. Instead, an HTML5
template was required in KompoZer to produce the HTML5 declaration. Once the code is
complete, it must be validated and updated as needed.
The diagram shows a cell during the anaphase stage of mitosis. How wo.pdf
The diagram shows a cell during the anaphase stage of mitosis. How would this diagram be
different if it showed anaphase I of meiosis instead of anaphase of mitosis? Each chromosome
would still have two chromatids together. The chromosomes would look the same as in mitosis.
You would be able to see DNA in the chromosomes during meiosis. Homologous chromosomes
would be moving to the same end of the cell.
Solution
Answer is A
Each chromosome still have two chromatids together, which will further divide in anaphase II.
Thus giving 4 daughter cells..
Thank you for your helpful answer! Consider the following meth.pdf
Thank you for your helpful answer!
Consider the following method: bool hasDuplicates(int V[], int n) {for (int i=0; i
Solution
1)
So we can see that the total number of times the sequence of statements executes is:
N + N-1 + N-2 + ... + 3 + 2 + 1. the total is O(N2).
2)
Use count array to store frequency of each element in an array
traverse the entire array and find maximum element
create an array with size of maximum element and instantiate to zero
now traverse count array and see if it has value 2 for any index
if it has then array has duplicates
else no
O(n) complexityValue of iNumber of iterations of inner loop0N1N-12N-2......N-22N-11.
State whether the following statement is true or false The graph of t.pdf
State whether the following statement is true or false The graph of the reciprocal function f(x)
=1/x has a break and is composed of two distinct branches Choose the correct answer below
True False
Solution
The function : y = 1/x
x<0 : y = -1/x
x> 0 ; y = 1/x
The function is not defined at x= 0
so, there are two distinct functions
Option True.
Should Maria’s ethical responsibility to Linda lead her to keep thes.pdf
Should Maria’s ethical responsibility to Linda lead her to keep these concerns to herself and
allow the recommendation to stand?
Solution
Ethical responsibility mainly is used to follow the right path. Here, the actions of an individual
must benefit the whole society. So a person should speak up for the right thing. Every individual
is accountable for fulfilling their civic duty, even small business owners also have ethical
responsibilities to their employees, customers and society as a whole.
So if Maria feels there is something that would affect their customers, environment, business and
society as a whole, she should not keep her concerns to herself.
Revolution in Egypt With 83 million people, Egypt is the most populou.pdf
Revolution in Egypt With 83 million people, Egypt is the most populous Arab state. On the face
of it, c Egypt made significant economic progress during the 2000s. In 2004, the gov- emment of
Hosni Mubarak enacted a series of economic reforms that included calling for Mo and he step
that included reins of pow to dem trade liberalization, cuts in import tarifs, tax cuts, deregulation,
and changes in tion to dem on a s investment regulations that allowed for more foreign direct
investment in the voted on a Egyptian economy. As a consequence, economic growth, which had
been in way for the the 2 to 4 percent range during the early 2000s, accelerated to around 7 per-
Egyptians cent a year. Exports almost tripled, from $9 billion in 2004 to more than $25 bi Doest
lion by 2010. Foreign direct investment increased from $4 billion in 2004 to state with $11
billion in 2008, while unemployment fell from 11 percent to 8 percent. erate Isla By 2008, Egypt
seemed to be displaying many of the features of other country emerging economies. On Cairo\'s
outskirts, clusters of construction cranes Mohame could be seen where gleaming new offices
were being built for companies ment st such as Microsoft, Oracle, and Vodafone. Highways
were being con- was as structed, hypermarkets were opening their doors, and sales of private
cars on fore quadrupled between 2004 and 2008. Things seemed to be improving. ich But
appearances can be deceiving. Underneath the surface, Egypt had Foreig major economic and
political problems. Inflation, long a concern, remained fast. high at 12.8 percent. As the global
economic crisis took hold in 2008-2009, nomi Egypt saw many of its growth drivers slow. In
2008, tourism brought some subsi $11 billion into the country, accounting for 8.5 percent of
gross domestic not a product, but it fell sharply in 2009 and 2010. Remittances from Egyptian
budg expatriates working overseas, which amounted to $8.5 billion in 2008, de- cess clined
sharply as construction projects in the Gulf, where many of them the worked, were cut back or
shut down. Earnings from the Suez Canal, which tha stood at $5.2 billion in 2008, declined by 25
percent in 2009 as the volume ha of world shipping slumped in the wake of the global economic
slowdown. ba the rich and the poor. Some 44 percent of Egyptians are classified as poor or
extremely poor, the average wage is less than $100 a month. Some 2.6 million people are so
destitute that their entire income cannot cover their basic food needs ru his So
Solution
The Egyptian economy is dependent on the Egypt\'s political stability. Egypt is still governed by
a interim government.
Unemployment rate is high in Egypt. The current government should first make changes in the
economy to decrease unemployment rate. Many wealthy business men have left the country. The
interim government have to stabilise the economy to win back the confidence of egytian
entrepreneur class. This will positively affect the employment rate and will creat.
Question No. 1What updates have been brought by snmpv2 to SNMPv1 c.pdf
Question No. 1
What updates have been brought by snmpv2 to SNMPv1 communication architecture? [2 marks]
Question No. 2
How SNMPv3 enhances security compared to SNMPv2? [2 marks]
Question No. 3
Define RMON [1 mark]
What are the benefits of RMON ? [1 mark]
Question No. 4
As a network manager, you are responsible for the operation of a network. You notice heavy
traffic in a host that is on a TCP/IP network and want to find out the details:
What basic network monitoring tool(s) would you use? [1 mark]
What would you look for in your results? [1 mark]
Question No. 5
What is the difference between nslookup & dig? [1 marks]
Question No. 5
Install wireshark and capture IP packets on your Ethernet interface.
Put a screenshot of IP packets captured on your device. [1 marks]
Analyze their headers and contents. [2 marks] (1 mark bonus for
Solution
Answer 1.
SNMPv1 (Simple Network Management Protocol) v1 was designed as a short term solution to
allow management of TCP/IP - based internets. Although it was simple there were some major
issues in SNMPv1, viz Expressiveness of MIB definitions, performance and security issues.
Some key differences brought in SNMPv2 are:
Answer 2:
The newer version of SNMP, i.e. SNMPv3 was released to cover some of the security issues that
plagued SNMPv2. SNMPv3 framework augments the original SNMP and SNMPv2
specifications with additional security and administration capabilities. Security and remote
configuration capabilities were added in the newer version. The SNMPv3 architecture introduces
the User-based Security Model (USM) for message security and View-based Access Control
Model(VACM) for access control. The architecture supports the concurrent use of different
security, access control and message processing protocols. SNMPv2 also introduces the ability to
dynamically
configure the SNMP agent using SNMP SET commands against the MIB objects that represent
the agent\'s configuration. The dynamic configuration support enables addition, deletion and
modification of configuration entries locally or remotely. The latest architecture incorporates an
SNMP context engine ID to encode and decode SNMP contexts.
In short, SNMPv3 provides three layers of security. The highest level is with authentication and
privacy. The second or middle level is with authentication and no privacy and the bottom level is
without authentication and privacy.
Answer 3:
Remote Monitoring (RMON) is a standard specification that facilitates the monitoring ,
analyzing and troubleshooting of network operational activities through the use of remote
devices known as monitors or probes.
RMON provides the benefits of standarazation and improves efficiency by allowing you to
remain at one workstation and collect information from widely dispersed LAN segments or
VLANs. RMON also allows proactive management and reduces the traffic load.
Answer 4:
Microsoft network monitor and CapsaFree are a few of the basic tools one can use for in this
case. Main features of MNM i.
President Truman belleved that an increase in a na development, which.pdf
President Truman belleved that an increase in a na development, which typically includes the
exploitation of tion\'s ii means that a nation is moving toward economic . levels of consumption;
immigrant laborers O levels of consumption; natural resources O standard of living; immigrant
laborers Ostandard of living; natural resources
Solution
President Truman believed that an increase in nation\'s levels of consumption means that a nation
is moving towards economic development, which typically includes the exploitation of natural
resources..
Pretend you have been asked by the president of the united statesto .pdf
Pretend you have been asked by the president of the united statesto chair a special task force that
is to write a national policy statement on children\'s exposure to television. What
recommendations would you make concerning viewing hours and type of shows to be aired?
Relating television back to cognitive development, give two examples of how young children
might misunderstand plots of television shows or claims made on advertisements.
Solution
individuals suffering from social isolation can employ television to create what is termed a
parasocial or faux relationship with characters from their favorite television shows and movies as
a way of deflecting feelings of loneliness and social deprivation.Just as an individual would
spend time with a real person sharing opinions and thoughts, pseudo-relationships are formed
with TV characters by becoming personally invested in their lives as if they were a close friend
so that the individual can satiate the human desire to form meaningful relationships and establish
themselves in society. The pleasurable effects of television may be likened to an addictive
activity, producing \"momentary pleasure but long-term misery and regret.\"When a person plays
video games or watches TV, the basal ganglia portion of the brain becomes very active and
dopamine is released.Release of high amounts of dopamine reduces the amount of the
neurotransmitter available for control of movement, perception of pain and pleasure and
formation of feelings.Watching television starting at a young age can profoundly effect
children\'s development. These effects include obesity, language delays, and learning disabilities.
Physical inactivity while viewing TV reduces necessary exercise and leads to over-eating.
Language delays occurs when a child doesn\'t interact with others. Children learn language best
from live interaction with parents or other individuals. Resulting learning disabilities from over-
watching TV include ADHD, concentration problems and even reduction of IQ. Children who
watch too much television can thus have difficulties starting school because they aren\'t
interested in their teachers. Children should watch a maximum of 2 hours daily if any television.
At the same time, television can help young people discover where they fit into society, develop
closer relationships with peers and family, and teach them to understand complex social aspects
of communication.
Recommendations are:
Give a specific time,ie, like 2 hours/day for television watching and engage them in oter leisures
such as sports,arts,etc.The type of shows must be informative,such as about new
hobbies,improvements in science and technology and new discoveries or about great
people.Never go for anything like dating shows or something explicit children..
Please explain in detail. Why cant Salmonella be infected by lambd.pdf
Please explain in detail. Why can\'t Salmonella be infected by lambda phage? Why can\'t
salmonella be successfully transfected using lambda DNA?
Solution
Lambda phage is a bacteriophage or bacteria virus which is known to infect bacteria especially
Escherichia coli hence, sometimes also called as coliphage.This virus is used in recombinat DNA
technology for transferring special genes or you can say that as a vector. To infect a bacterium a
virus needs to:
1) interact first with the cell surface receptors which are different in different species thus,
making coliphage entry difficult inside the Salmonella species.
2) Multiplication of virus genome inside the bacteria is another factor for a virus to cause
infection in a bacterium. To multiply inside bacteria, phage join its nucleic acid with host\'s
nucleic acid, this stage of infection is called prophage. To attach its nucleic acid a phage must
recognise an attachment site called att site in host\'s genome which varies among different
genera. At this stage genetic exchange takes place hence, it is difficult too transfect Salmonella
with a coliphage.
However, Phage P22 can transfect Salmonella because the bacterium has specific att sites for
P22. Also, Transduction i.e. transfer of nucleic acid by a bacteriophage to bacteria was first
discovered in P22 infecting Salmonella. Salmonella species can be made competitive(
susceptible to genetic exchange by transfection) for coliphage by altering its genomic structure
using recombinant DNA tools..
Part A Tnsomy 21, or Down syndrome, occurs when there is anormal dplo.pdf
Part A Tnsomy 21, or Down syndrome, occurs when there is anormal dploid deomosomal
complement but one 21 Ahough ave higher (19 vrvna offspring would be expected to have Down
syndrome rboen parents have 0own syndrome? Given the that wen 48 chromosomes nou
chromosome 21) ly to survive oaydevekpront peroenlage ar O An the chadren would be expected
to have Down syndrome o None of surviving offsprang wous be expected to rave Down sydome
o one othe survivrg omsprng would be expected trav Downsyndrome O Two minds of surviving
preg wouldbe easected to have Down syndrome One hall the survning onspring would be
expected lo have Down syndoome Incorrect: Try Again: 2 attempts remaining a O Ask me
anything
Solution
one third of the surviving offspring will have Downs Syndrome
Since its inheritance is autosomal, so all children will not have Downzs syndrome. One which
will inherit both the copies of trisomy from both parents will have the syndrome.
Part 1 List the basic steps in securing an operating system. Assume.pdf
Part 1: List the basic steps in securing an operating system. Assume that the O.S. is being
installed for the first time on new hardware.
Part 2: Name and briefly describe two ways that college students could be recruited into illegal
espionage.
Part 3: Explain the function of the trusted boot function of the trusted platform module (TPM.)
Tell how that is related to the current controversy between Apple and the FBI concerning
encryption. What could the FBI do in the absence of a trusted boot function?
Part 4: Define single loss exposure and annualized risk of occurrence. Explain in your own
words what these have to do with computer security.
Part 5: Explain why it is important to monitor outbound traffic as well as inbound traffic in a
corporate network. Give an example
Solution
Part1:-
There are three things that can enhance operating system security across an enterprise network:
First, provisioning of the servers on the network should be done once in one place, involving the
roughly tens of separate configurations most organizations require. This image, or set of images,
can then be downloaded across the network, with the help of software that automates this process
and eliminates the pain of doing it manually for each server. Moreover, even if you had an
instruction sheet for these key configurations, you wouldn\'t want local administrators to access
these key configurations for each server, which is very dangerous. The best way to do it is once
and for all.
Once the network has been provisioned, administrators need to be able to verify policy
compliance, which defines user access rights and ensures that all configurations are correct. An
agent running on the network or remotely can monitor each server continuously, and such
monitoring wouldn\'t interfere with normal operations.
Second, account management needs to be centralized to control access to the network and to
ensure that users have appropriate access to enterprise resources. Policies, rules and intelligence
should be located in one place—not on each box—and should be pushed out from there to
provision user systems with correct IDs and permissions. An ID life cycle manager can be used
to automate this process and reduce the pain of doing this manually.
Third, the operating system should be configured so that it can be used to monitor activity on the
network easily and efficiently—revealing who is and isn\'t making connections, as well as
pointing out potential security events coming out of the operating system. Administrators can use
a central dashboard that monitors these events in real time and alerts them to serious problems
based on preset correlations and filtering. Just as important, this monitoring system should be set
up so that administrators aren\'t overwhelmed by routine events that don\'t jeopardize network
security.
Part2:-
Two ways that college students could be recruited into illegal espionage:
First, the students may be trend before they sending out to the foreign .
John is 35 years old and recently married with Eva. After they got m.pdf
John is 35 years old and recently married with Eva. After they got married, they are considering
to have their first child in 2 years and save for a deposit to buy an apartment. Which lifecycle
stage is John likely in?
Select one:
a. Wealth accumulation phase
b. Early family formation
c. Approaching retirement
d. Post retirement
e. Saving versus consumption phase
Solution
Answer :- Option e). Saving versus consumption phase.
Explanation :- John is likely in \"Saving versus consumption phase\" of lifecycle in the above
given question..
More from fashiionbeutycare (20)
________ are characterized by small incisors and large premolars wit.pdf
________ are characterized by small incisors and large premolars wit.pdf
Write a Java program that opens the file, reads all the Grade from t.pdf
Write a Java program that opens the file, reads all the Grade from t.pdf
why do Private offices have a high sensible heat ratioSolution.pdf
why do Private offices have a high sensible heat ratioSolution.pdf
Why is payback and IRR more frequently used than NPV when it comes t.pdf
Why is payback and IRR more frequently used than NPV when it comes t.pdf
What general environmental condition is represented by this assemblag.pdf
What general environmental condition is represented by this assemblag.pdf
What are some of the basic features of Excavates Discuss the differe.pdf
What are some of the basic features of Excavates Discuss the differe.pdf
True or False Disulfides are essential for cone-snail venoms acti.pdf
True or False Disulfides are essential for cone-snail venoms acti.pdf
To what extent do GUI editors generally allow developers to modify H.pdf
To what extent do GUI editors generally allow developers to modify H.pdf
The diagram shows a cell during the anaphase stage of mitosis. How wo.pdf
The diagram shows a cell during the anaphase stage of mitosis. How wo.pdf
Thank you for your helpful answer! Consider the following meth.pdf
Thank you for your helpful answer! Consider the following meth.pdf
State whether the following statement is true or false The graph of t.pdf
State whether the following statement is true or false The graph of t.pdf
Should Maria’s ethical responsibility to Linda lead her to keep thes.pdf
Should Maria’s ethical responsibility to Linda lead her to keep thes.pdf
Revolution in Egypt With 83 million people, Egypt is the most populou.pdf
Revolution in Egypt With 83 million people, Egypt is the most populou.pdf
Question No. 1What updates have been brought by snmpv2 to SNMPv1 c.pdf
Question No. 1What updates have been brought by snmpv2 to SNMPv1 c.pdf
President Truman belleved that an increase in a na development, which.pdf
President Truman belleved that an increase in a na development, which.pdf
Pretend you have been asked by the president of the united statesto .pdf
Pretend you have been asked by the president of the united statesto .pdf
Please explain in detail. Why cant Salmonella be infected by lambd.pdf
Please explain in detail. Why cant Salmonella be infected by lambd.pdf
Part A Tnsomy 21, or Down syndrome, occurs when there is anormal dplo.pdf
Part A Tnsomy 21, or Down syndrome, occurs when there is anormal dplo.pdf
Part 1 List the basic steps in securing an operating system. Assume.pdf
Part 1 List the basic steps in securing an operating system. Assume.pdf
John is 35 years old and recently married with Eva. After they got m.pdf
John is 35 years old and recently married with Eva. After they got m.pdf
Recently uploaded
PCOS corelations and management through Ayurveda.
This presentation includes basic of PCOS their pathology and treatment and also Ayurveda correlation of PCOS and Ayurvedic line of treatment mentioned in classics.
How to Fix the Import Error in the Odoo 17
An import error occurs when a program fails to import a module or library, disrupting its execution. In languages like Python, this issue arises when the specified module cannot be found or accessed, hindering the program's functionality. Resolving import errors is crucial for maintaining smooth software operation and uninterrupted development processes.
Advanced Java[Extra Concepts, Not Difficult].docx
This is part 2 of my Java Learning Journey. This contains Hashing, ArrayList, LinkedList, Date and Time Classes, Calendar Class and more.
Main Java[All of the Base Concepts}.docx
This is part 1 of my Java Learning Journey. This Contains Custom methods, classes, constructors, packages, multithreading , try- catch block, finally block and more.
The History of Stoke Newington Street Names
Presented at the Stoke Newington Literary Festival on 9th June 2024
www.StokeNewingtonHistory.com
Hindi varnamala | hindi alphabet PPT.pdf
हिंदी वर्णमाला पीपीटी, hindi alphabet PPT presentation, hindi varnamala PPT, Hindi Varnamala pdf, हिंदी स्वर, हिंदी व्यंजन, sikhiye hindi varnmala, dr. mulla adam ali, hindi language and literature, hindi alphabet with drawing, hindi alphabet pdf, hindi varnamala for childrens, hindi language, hindi varnamala practice for kids, https://www.drmullaadamali.com
Chapter 4 - Islamic Financial Institutions in Malaysia.pptx
Chapter 4 - Islamic Financial Institutions in Malaysia.pptxMohd Adib Abd Muin, Senior Lecturer at Universiti Utara Malaysia
This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
Pollock and Snow "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape, Session One: Setting Expec...
Pollock and Snow "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape, Session One: Setting Expec...National Information Standards Organization (NISO)
This presentation was provided by Steph Pollock of The American Psychological Association’s Journals Program, and Damita Snow, of The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), for the initial session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session One: 'Setting Expectations: a DEIA Primer,' was held June 6, 2024.BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH 8 CẢ NĂM - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 (CÓ FI...
BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH 8 CẢ NĂM - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 (CÓ FI...Nguyen Thanh Tu Collection
https://app.box.com/s/y977uz6bpd3af4qsebv7r9b7s21935vdSouth African Journal of Science: Writing with integrity workshop (2024)
South African Journal of Science: Writing with integrity workshop (2024)Academy of Science of South Africa
A workshop hosted by the South African Journal of Science aimed at postgraduate students and early career researchers with little or no experience in writing and publishing journal articles.বাংলাদেশ অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা (Economic Review) ২০২৪ UJS App.pdf
বাংলাদেশের অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা ২০২৪ [Bangladesh Economic Review 2024 Bangla.pdf] কম্পিউটার , ট্যাব ও স্মার্ট ফোন ভার্সন সহ সম্পূর্ণ বাংলা ই-বুক বা pdf বই " সুচিপত্র ...বুকমার্ক মেনু 🔖 ও হাইপার লিংক মেনু 📝👆 যুক্ত ..
আমাদের সবার জন্য খুব খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ একটি বই ..বিসিএস, ব্যাংক, ইউনিভার্সিটি ভর্তি ও যে কোন প্রতিযোগিতা মূলক পরীক্ষার জন্য এর খুব ইম্পরট্যান্ট একটি বিষয় ...তাছাড়া বাংলাদেশের সাম্প্রতিক যে কোন ডাটা বা তথ্য এই বইতে পাবেন ...
তাই একজন নাগরিক হিসাবে এই তথ্য গুলো আপনার জানা প্রয়োজন ...।
বিসিএস ও ব্যাংক এর লিখিত পরীক্ষা ...+এছাড়া মাধ্যমিক ও উচ্চমাধ্যমিকের স্টুডেন্টদের জন্য অনেক কাজে আসবে ...
How to Setup Warehouse & Location in Odoo 17 Inventory
In this slide, we'll explore how to set up warehouses and locations in Odoo 17 Inventory. This will help us manage our stock effectively, track inventory levels, and streamline warehouse operations.
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UP
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
core of India. Mirzapur, with its varied terrains and abundant biodiversity, offers an optimal
environment for investigating the changes in vegetation cover dynamics. Our study utilizes
advanced technologies such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and Remote sensing to
analyze the transformations that have taken place over the course of a decade.
The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
of extensive research and worry. As the global community grapples with swift urbanization,
population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
more evident. A crucial element of this impact is the alteration of vegetation cover, which plays a
significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
these activities. As the most crucial natural resource, its utilization by humans results in different
'Land uses,' which are determined by both human activities and the physical characteristics of the
land.
The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
to significant land degradation, adversely affecting the region's land cover.
Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
cover is essential for various planning and management tasks related to the Earth's surface,
providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
diverse human activities.
Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
occur natural.
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Find out more about ISO training and certification services
Training: ISO/IEC 27001 Information Security Management System - EN | PECB
ISO/IEC 42001 Artificial Intelligence Management System - EN | PECB
General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) - Training Courses - EN | PECB
Webinars: https://pecb.com/webinars
Article: https://pecb.com/article
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
For more information about PECB:
Website: https://pecb.com/
LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/pecb/
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/PECBInternational/
Slideshare: http://www.slideshare.net/PECBCERTIFICATION
Recently uploaded (20)
Pride Month Slides 2024 David Douglas School District
Pride Month Slides 2024 David Douglas School District
Chapter 4 - Islamic Financial Institutions in Malaysia.pptx
Chapter 4 - Islamic Financial Institutions in Malaysia.pptx
Pollock and Snow "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape, Session One: Setting Expec...
Pollock and Snow "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape, Session One: Setting Expec...
BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH 8 CẢ NĂM - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 (CÓ FI...
BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH 8 CẢ NĂM - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 (CÓ FI...
Digital Artefact 1 - Tiny Home Environmental Design
Digital Artefact 1 - Tiny Home Environmental Design
South African Journal of Science: Writing with integrity workshop (2024)
South African Journal of Science: Writing with integrity workshop (2024)
বাংলাদেশ অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা (Economic Review) ২০২৪ UJS App.pdf
বাংলাদেশ অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা (Economic Review) ২০২৪ UJS App.pdf
How to Setup Warehouse & Location in Odoo 17 Inventory
How to Setup Warehouse & Location in Odoo 17 Inventory
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UP
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UP
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...
Describe how specific nucleosome positioning can promote transcri.pdf
- 1. Describe how specific nucleosome positioning can promote transcriptional activation, or, alternatively, prevent it. If you wanted to precisely position a nucleosome on a given stretch of DNA, how could you do it? Describe how specific nucleosome positioning can promote transcriptional activation, or, alternatively, prevent it. If you wanted to precisely position a nucleosome on a given stretch of DNA, how could you do it? Solution Answer: Eukaryotes often possess complex euchromatin & heterochromatic organization with histone protein coiled around DNA so that a variety of enzymes may modify structure finally causes either gene expression by deacetylation or demethylation. Sometimes, high-uninterrupted gene expression may lead to due to methylation or epigenetic changes so that there are multiple level are there to exhibit gene regulation. DNA unwinding and template formation for coding mRNA from histone proteins; Eukaryotic cells possess increased levels of DNA binding proteins as transcriptional activators and gene repressors as well. Specific nucleosome positioning can promote transcriptional activation, or, alternatively, prevent it becuase the close proximity of DNA to either exit or entry points may have high likelihood to uncoil finally to undergo transcription from the DNA stretch using protein-nucleosomal remodeling complexes. The energy is used in the form of ATP to promote "disruption of histone-DNA association" finally promote gene expression. If you wanted to precisely position a nucleosome on a given stretch of DNA, it is crucial to ensue the accessibility of a binding site on "histone-DNA binding point" where it is the most critical point for "activator or repressor" to bind. We can change these positions on nucleosomes, using “DNA-binding proteins” to promote either transcription or repress transcription. Histone Acetylation only promotes gene expression but histone methylation inhibits gene expression During transcription regulation synergy can also achieved by binding one factor that change the structure of the chromatin thereby another binding site is going to be available more easily and readily or less readily. Initially, “transcription activating factor” is going to recruit a coactivator, which is followed by a histone acetyltransferase by acetylation associate with pulling chromatin apart. Regulatory domains of most activators interact with TFIID (transcription factor complexes) TFIIC, and TFIID to initiate transcription.
- 2. Later repressor is going to recruit a corepressor, which is followed by a histone deacetylase that enable to squish the chromatin together. Synergy enable switching the genes on and off based on the DNA binding specificity finally promote integration of different transcription possible signals.