What are some of the basic features of Excavates? Discuss the difference among major classes
of organisms found in this. For the toolbar press ALT +F10 (PC) or ALT + FN + F10 (Mac)
Solution
Excavates are a diverse group of unicellular Protists with Flagella.These protists are so named
because many have a deep, or excavated, oral groove. Unlike other protists, excavates have
atypical, greatly modified mitochondria. Many excavates are endosymbionts and live in anoxic
(without oxygen) environment. These excavates do not carry out aerobic respiration; they obtain
energy by the anaerobic pathway of glycolysis (presumably by fermentation).
The representatives protest clades are dipplomonads and parabasalids with the key characters of
two or more flagella; ventral oral (feeding) groove and Euglenoids and trypanosomes with the
key characters of some with plastids; crystalline red in flagella
Example: SEM of Trichomonas vaginalis, a parabasalid.
Currently, excavates include dipomonads, parabasalids, euglenoids, and trypanosomes. The
inclusion of these organisms inti single superfamily is somewhat controversial because their
relationship to one another are uncertain. Additional studies will be needed to determine if the
excavates as currently presented are monophyletic group.
Diplomonads are small mostly parasitic flagellates
Diplomonads are excavates that have one or two nuclei, no functional mitochondria, no Golgi
complex, and up to eight flagella. Example: Giardia is a parasitic diplomonad. Interestingly,
Giardia has two haploid nuclei, each of which contains a complete copy of giardia’s genome.
Giardia lacks functional mitochondria, although it contains certain genes that code for proteins
associated with mitochondria in other organism. Giardia also has reduced structures that
somewhat resembles mitochoindria.
Giardia intestinalis is a major cause of water-borne diarrhea through the world. Giardia is
eliminated as a resistant cyst in the feces of many vertebrate animals. These cysts are common
contaminant in untreated drinking water.
Parabasilids are anaerobic endosymbionts that live in animals
Parabasilids are anaerobic, flagellated excavates that often live in animals. Trichonymphs and
trichomonads are examples of parabasilids. Trichonymphs, which have hundreds of flagella, live
in the guts of termites and wood-eating cockroaches. The trichonymphs rely on endosymbiotic
bacteria to digest cellulose in the wood. The insects, trichonymphs, and bacteria all obtain their
nutrients from this source. This is excellent example of mutualism..
Clade Excavata The Excavates consist of a group of unicellular organis.pdf2adretail
Clade Excavata
The Excavates consist of a group of unicellular organisms that have modified mitochondria
which undergo anaerobic respiration. Most have a body groove (hence excavation) which may
act as a point of anchorage for their flagella. Examples include Giardia lambia , a human
intestinal parasite transmitted by contaminated drinking water; Trychonympha sp., a mutualistic
symbiont living in the gut of termites that aids in the digestion of wood; Euglena sp., a
photosynthetic flagellate common in pond water; and Trypanosoma sp., a human blood parasite
that causes African sleeping sickness.
Diplomonads
Figure 1. Giardia lambia is an intestinal parasite of vertebrates. It has a feeding stage called a
trophozoite in its life cycle and a cyst stage. What you are looking at is the trophozoite. Note the
two nuclei (that look like eyes) and the flagella (it has four to six although you might not see
them all).
Euglenozoans
Euglena gracilis is referred to as a mixotroph -both heterotrophic and autotrophic.
Figure 2. Trypanosoma spp. are blood parasites with insect vectors. The circles in the image
above are red blood cells. The protist has an long flagellum that runs its entire the length.
Question: What feature(s) do the excavates above share in common? Select all that apply.
1. Stigma (eye spot)
2. Multicellular
3. Heterotrophic
4. Photosynthetic
5. Flagellae
6. Parasitic
7. Motility
8. Cilia
.
Clade Excavata The Excavates consist of a group of unicellular organis.pdf2adretail
Clade Excavata
The Excavates consist of a group of unicellular organisms that have modified mitochondria
which undergo anaerobic respiration. Most have a body groove (hence excavation) which may
act as a point of anchorage for their flagella. Examples include Giardia lambia , a human
intestinal parasite transmitted by contaminated drinking water; Trychonympha sp., a mutualistic
symbiont living in the gut of termites that aids in the digestion of wood; Euglena sp., a
photosynthetic flagellate common in pond water; and Trypanosoma sp., a human blood parasite
that causes African sleeping sickness.
Diplomonads
Figure 1. Giardia lambia is an intestinal parasite of vertebrates. It has a feeding stage called a
trophozoite in its life cycle and a cyst stage. What you are looking at is the trophozoite. Note the
two nuclei (that look like eyes) and the flagella (it has four to six although you might not see
them all).
Euglenozoans
Euglena gracilis is referred to as a mixotroph -both heterotrophic and autotrophic.
Figure 2. Trypanosoma spp. are blood parasites with insect vectors. The circles in the image
above are red blood cells. The protist has an long flagellum that runs its entire the length.
Question: What feature(s) do the excavates above share in common? Select all that apply.
1. Stigma (eye spot)
2. Multicellular
3. Heterotrophic
4. Photosynthetic
5. Flagellae
6. Parasitic
7. Motility
8. Cilia
.
Identify major groupings within the Lophotrochozoa and Ecdy gg g soz.pdffathimahardwareelect
Identify major groupings within the Lophotrochozoa and Ecdy gg g sozoa ; describe
distinguishing features among groups, where on Earth these organisms are typically found, and
how they make a living
Solution
Lophotrochozoa are a group or taxon of protostome animals. The taxon consists of 2 groups-
trochozoans and lophophorata. Trochozoans are characterized by the development of mouth
before anus in the embryo.They are worm like and produce trochophore larvae - larvae that have
2 bands of cilia around their middle. Lophophorata, on the other hand, are grouped by the
presence of lophophore characterized by a fan of ciliated tentacles surrounding their mouths.
These animals exhibit radial cleavage.
Lophotrochophora includes the following phyla
1. Phylum Ectoprocta:
These are mostly marine coelomates that use lophophore for feesing. They secrete and live in
zoecium (chitinous chamber).
2. Phylum platyhelminthes
These are mostly parasitic acoelomates. Some may live as scavengers or commensals. The are
flat and ribbon-shaped. They have an incomplete gut, no circulatory system, and a simple
nervous system. Their excretory system has small tubules lined with ciliated flame cells. They
are hermaphrodites.
3. Phylum Rotifera
These are small aquatic pseudocoelomate animals. They are mostly free living and a few are
paraitic. They have a ciliated food gathering organ at the tip of the head known as corona. They
have jaws in the pharynx and their digestive system has separate mouth and anus. They have
rudimentary circulatory system and they have separate sexes.
4. Phylum Annelida
They are segmented coelomates with a closed circulatory system. Their excretory system
includes nephrida. They have a digestive system with separate mouth and anus. Gas exchange is
through skin.They have setae. They are found in both terrestrial and aquatic habitats. They can
be parasites, carnivores, predators or scavengers.
5. Phylum Nemertea
They are partially coelomate and partially acoelomate animals. They are free living and possess
proboscis - a long muscular tube covered by a sheath to capture prey. They have a complete
digestive system, a simple nervous system, and a closed circulatory system.
6. Phylum Phoronida:
They are coelomate and marine. They use lophophore for feeding. They have a U-shaped gut and
they secrete and live in a chitinous tube.
7. Phylum Brachipoda:
They are characterized by the presence of 2 calcified shells.
Ecdysozoa also belons to the group of protostome animals characterized by a three layered
cuticle which is periodically molted,a process known as ecdysis. They lack locomotary cilia.
They produce amoeboid sperm. Their embryos donot undergo spiral cleavage unlike other
protostomes.
The group includes
Phylum arthropoda
The phylum includes invertebrate animals with an exoskeleton. They have jointed limbs and
their cuticle is made of chitin. They are segmented with an open circulatory system and a ladder-
like nervous system They are found in both a.
Introduction of algae and general characteristics
Fossil history of algae
Endosymbiosis Theory
Where are algae abound? Ecology
Algal Blooms
Eutrophication
How are algae similar to higher plants?
How are algae different from higher plants?
Variations in the pigment constitution
Prokaryotic vs eukaryotic algae...............
Presentation
BEST OF LUCK
This is a very old school report that I did back when I was in the 8th grade . It's basically information concerning the Six Kingdoms. I hope you can make use of it. So buckle up!
________ are characterized by small incisors and large premolars wit.pdffashiionbeutycare
________ are characterized by small incisors and large premolars with sharp crests.
a. Insectivores
b. Folivores
c. Faunivores
d. Frugivores
Solution
Folivores are characterized by small incisors and large premolar with sharp crest
Because they are basically herbivores taking cellulose rich leafs and plant stems so they need
proper chewing for digesting that.
Because of that usually they have large premolar and molar teeth and small or no incisors teeth..
Write a Java program that opens the file, reads all the Grade from t.pdffashiionbeutycare
Write a Java program that opens the file, reads all the Grade from the file, and using a method
calculates and displays the following A) Displays the grades with their letter values (80 - B) B)
the sum of the Grades in the file C) the average of the Grades in the file
Solution
GradeRead.java
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.util.Scanner;
public class GradeRead {
public static void main(String[] args) throws FileNotFoundException {
Scanner scan1 = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.print(\"Enter the file name: \");
String fileName = scan1.next();
File file = new File(fileName);
if(file.exists()){
Scanner scan = new Scanner(file);
calculateGradeDetail(scan);
}
else{
System.out.println(\"Input does not exist\");
}
}
public static void calculateGradeDetail(Scanner scan){
int sum = 0;
int count = 0;
char gradeLetter = \'\\0\';
while(scan.hasNextInt()){
count++;
int n = scan.nextInt();
sum = sum + n;
if(n >=90 && n<=100){
gradeLetter = \'A\';
}
else if(n >=80 && n<90){
gradeLetter = \'B\';
}
else if(n >=70 && n<80){
gradeLetter = \'C\';
}
else if(n >=60 && n<=70){
gradeLetter = \'D\';
}
else {
gradeLetter = \'E\';
}
System.out.println(\"Grade: \"+gradeLetter+\" - \"+n);
}
System.out.println(\"The sum of the Grades in the file: \"+sum);
double average = sum/(double)count;
System.out.println(\"the average of the Grades in the file: \"+average);
System.out.println();
}
}
Output:
Enter the file name: D:\\\\grade.txt
Grade: D - 60
Grade: C - 70
Grade: B - 80
Grade: A - 90
Grade: A - 100
Grade: E - 40
Grade: E - 50
Grade: D - 60
The sum of the Grades in the file: 550
the average of the Grades in the file: 68.75
Grade.txt
60
70
80
90
100
40
50
60.
More Related Content
Similar to What are some of the basic features of Excavates Discuss the differe.pdf
Identify major groupings within the Lophotrochozoa and Ecdy gg g soz.pdffathimahardwareelect
Identify major groupings within the Lophotrochozoa and Ecdy gg g sozoa ; describe
distinguishing features among groups, where on Earth these organisms are typically found, and
how they make a living
Solution
Lophotrochozoa are a group or taxon of protostome animals. The taxon consists of 2 groups-
trochozoans and lophophorata. Trochozoans are characterized by the development of mouth
before anus in the embryo.They are worm like and produce trochophore larvae - larvae that have
2 bands of cilia around their middle. Lophophorata, on the other hand, are grouped by the
presence of lophophore characterized by a fan of ciliated tentacles surrounding their mouths.
These animals exhibit radial cleavage.
Lophotrochophora includes the following phyla
1. Phylum Ectoprocta:
These are mostly marine coelomates that use lophophore for feesing. They secrete and live in
zoecium (chitinous chamber).
2. Phylum platyhelminthes
These are mostly parasitic acoelomates. Some may live as scavengers or commensals. The are
flat and ribbon-shaped. They have an incomplete gut, no circulatory system, and a simple
nervous system. Their excretory system has small tubules lined with ciliated flame cells. They
are hermaphrodites.
3. Phylum Rotifera
These are small aquatic pseudocoelomate animals. They are mostly free living and a few are
paraitic. They have a ciliated food gathering organ at the tip of the head known as corona. They
have jaws in the pharynx and their digestive system has separate mouth and anus. They have
rudimentary circulatory system and they have separate sexes.
4. Phylum Annelida
They are segmented coelomates with a closed circulatory system. Their excretory system
includes nephrida. They have a digestive system with separate mouth and anus. Gas exchange is
through skin.They have setae. They are found in both terrestrial and aquatic habitats. They can
be parasites, carnivores, predators or scavengers.
5. Phylum Nemertea
They are partially coelomate and partially acoelomate animals. They are free living and possess
proboscis - a long muscular tube covered by a sheath to capture prey. They have a complete
digestive system, a simple nervous system, and a closed circulatory system.
6. Phylum Phoronida:
They are coelomate and marine. They use lophophore for feeding. They have a U-shaped gut and
they secrete and live in a chitinous tube.
7. Phylum Brachipoda:
They are characterized by the presence of 2 calcified shells.
Ecdysozoa also belons to the group of protostome animals characterized by a three layered
cuticle which is periodically molted,a process known as ecdysis. They lack locomotary cilia.
They produce amoeboid sperm. Their embryos donot undergo spiral cleavage unlike other
protostomes.
The group includes
Phylum arthropoda
The phylum includes invertebrate animals with an exoskeleton. They have jointed limbs and
their cuticle is made of chitin. They are segmented with an open circulatory system and a ladder-
like nervous system They are found in both a.
Introduction of algae and general characteristics
Fossil history of algae
Endosymbiosis Theory
Where are algae abound? Ecology
Algal Blooms
Eutrophication
How are algae similar to higher plants?
How are algae different from higher plants?
Variations in the pigment constitution
Prokaryotic vs eukaryotic algae...............
Presentation
BEST OF LUCK
This is a very old school report that I did back when I was in the 8th grade . It's basically information concerning the Six Kingdoms. I hope you can make use of it. So buckle up!
________ are characterized by small incisors and large premolars wit.pdffashiionbeutycare
________ are characterized by small incisors and large premolars with sharp crests.
a. Insectivores
b. Folivores
c. Faunivores
d. Frugivores
Solution
Folivores are characterized by small incisors and large premolar with sharp crest
Because they are basically herbivores taking cellulose rich leafs and plant stems so they need
proper chewing for digesting that.
Because of that usually they have large premolar and molar teeth and small or no incisors teeth..
Write a Java program that opens the file, reads all the Grade from t.pdffashiionbeutycare
Write a Java program that opens the file, reads all the Grade from the file, and using a method
calculates and displays the following A) Displays the grades with their letter values (80 - B) B)
the sum of the Grades in the file C) the average of the Grades in the file
Solution
GradeRead.java
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.util.Scanner;
public class GradeRead {
public static void main(String[] args) throws FileNotFoundException {
Scanner scan1 = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.print(\"Enter the file name: \");
String fileName = scan1.next();
File file = new File(fileName);
if(file.exists()){
Scanner scan = new Scanner(file);
calculateGradeDetail(scan);
}
else{
System.out.println(\"Input does not exist\");
}
}
public static void calculateGradeDetail(Scanner scan){
int sum = 0;
int count = 0;
char gradeLetter = \'\\0\';
while(scan.hasNextInt()){
count++;
int n = scan.nextInt();
sum = sum + n;
if(n >=90 && n<=100){
gradeLetter = \'A\';
}
else if(n >=80 && n<90){
gradeLetter = \'B\';
}
else if(n >=70 && n<80){
gradeLetter = \'C\';
}
else if(n >=60 && n<=70){
gradeLetter = \'D\';
}
else {
gradeLetter = \'E\';
}
System.out.println(\"Grade: \"+gradeLetter+\" - \"+n);
}
System.out.println(\"The sum of the Grades in the file: \"+sum);
double average = sum/(double)count;
System.out.println(\"the average of the Grades in the file: \"+average);
System.out.println();
}
}
Output:
Enter the file name: D:\\\\grade.txt
Grade: D - 60
Grade: C - 70
Grade: B - 80
Grade: A - 90
Grade: A - 100
Grade: E - 40
Grade: E - 50
Grade: D - 60
The sum of the Grades in the file: 550
the average of the Grades in the file: 68.75
Grade.txt
60
70
80
90
100
40
50
60.
why do Private offices have a high sensible heat ratioSolution.pdffashiionbeutycare
why do Private offices have a high sensible heat ratio?
Solution
the private offives where the high concentration is demanded the high sensible heat ratio is
because to maintain the humidity in summer
SHR=SENSIBLE HEAT/TOTAL HEAT so if sensible heat ratio will high then total heat will
low and so in office temperature is maintain.
Why is payback and IRR more frequently used than NPV when it comes t.pdffashiionbeutycare
Why is payback and IRR more frequently used than NPV when it comes to evaluating projects?
Solution
Payback is very simple to understand and cheap to implement and can be done very quickly to
give an idea.
IRR gives return in terms of percentage and management would like to see the returns because
then they are not biased with the size of the project. But NPV is biased with the size of the
project..
What general environmental condition is represented by this assemblag.pdffashiionbeutycare
What general environmental condition is represented by this assemblage - marine or nonmarine?
(b) Based on the fossil assemblage, describe the energy of each environment (e.g. turbulent wave
environment, calm offshore or lagoon) Shale: Sandstone: Limestone: (c) Which unit shows the
greatest biological diversity?
Solution
b. Shale - Shale is said to be deposited by the lower to outer shelf below wave base under low
energy conditions. Black shale containing fossil plants represents swamp environments.
Sandstone - Siliclastic carbonate sandstone contains deposition from shallow marine with high
energy near shore depositional environment . Pebbly sand stone also contains high energy
environments of the shore face. The cross bed sandstone which is deposited in the upper part also
is deposited by high energy environment like storm.
Limestone - limestone units of packstone - rudstone are high energy deposits whereas
wackestone - floatstone are deposits of low energy below wave base. Limestone composed of
float stone to rug stone deposition indicates its transition from low to high energy deposition.
Sandy lime stone contains deposits of high energy.
c. Limestone contains calcium carbonate and it gives the property to the rock for identification. It
has greater biodiversity compared to other types of rocks..
True or False Disulfides are essential for cone-snail venoms acti.pdffashiionbeutycare
True or False: Disulfides are essential for cone-snail venom\'s activity
Solution
Answer:
True:
Cone snails are marine metazoans mainly they are going to catch they prey by generating toxins
or venoms to inactivate their prey. These venom components are composed of disulfide bonds, in
which hypervariable disulfide-rich structural domains going to inactivate the protein folding in
the prey so that disulfides in venome proteins are essential for cone-snail venom\'s activity.
To what extent do GUI editors generally allow developers to modify H.pdffashiionbeutycare
To what extent do GUI editors generally allow developers to modify HTML code manually?
Solution
GUI HTML editors allow you to create Web pages. In most cases, you enter and edit text similar
to the way you would in a word-processing application. Images, tables, links,bookmarks and so
forth can be created easily because the application writes the HTML code automatically
GUI Web site management editors provide both Web page creation and site management
functionality. They allow teams of designers and developers to work in an integrated
environment to design, build and manage Web site and Internet applications. In addition to
creating the Web pages, team members can manage the entire Web site with this type of
application, both during and after development. Site management includes task automation and
workflow integration with other programs (such as Microsoft Office and Web applications) in a
production environment.
GUI HTML editors such as KompoZer, Sea Monkey Composer, Dreamweaver and
Expression Web present the following advantages for Web page authors:
• GUI HTML editor to develop Web pages can save you time.
• GUI editors place code into files for you, which enables you to create pages quickly by simply
clicking your mouse.
• Most GUI editors allow you to modify your code manually At the time of this writing, HTML5
was not supported by any open-source GUI or WYSIWYG HTML editors. Instead, an HTML5
template was required in KompoZer to produce the HTML5 declaration. Once the code is
complete, it must be validated and updated as needed.
The diagram shows a cell during the anaphase stage of mitosis. How wo.pdffashiionbeutycare
The diagram shows a cell during the anaphase stage of mitosis. How would this diagram be
different if it showed anaphase I of meiosis instead of anaphase of mitosis? Each chromosome
would still have two chromatids together. The chromosomes would look the same as in mitosis.
You would be able to see DNA in the chromosomes during meiosis. Homologous chromosomes
would be moving to the same end of the cell.
Solution
Answer is A
Each chromosome still have two chromatids together, which will further divide in anaphase II.
Thus giving 4 daughter cells..
Thank you for your helpful answer! Consider the following meth.pdffashiionbeutycare
Thank you for your helpful answer!
Consider the following method: bool hasDuplicates(int V[], int n) {for (int i=0; i
Solution
1)
So we can see that the total number of times the sequence of statements executes is:
N + N-1 + N-2 + ... + 3 + 2 + 1. the total is O(N2).
2)
Use count array to store frequency of each element in an array
traverse the entire array and find maximum element
create an array with size of maximum element and instantiate to zero
now traverse count array and see if it has value 2 for any index
if it has then array has duplicates
else no
O(n) complexityValue of iNumber of iterations of inner loop0N1N-12N-2......N-22N-11.
State whether the following statement is true or false The graph of t.pdffashiionbeutycare
State whether the following statement is true or false The graph of the reciprocal function f(x)
=1/x has a break and is composed of two distinct branches Choose the correct answer below
True False
Solution
The function : y = 1/x
x<0 : y = -1/x
x> 0 ; y = 1/x
The function is not defined at x= 0
so, there are two distinct functions
Option True.
Should Maria’s ethical responsibility to Linda lead her to keep thes.pdffashiionbeutycare
Should Maria’s ethical responsibility to Linda lead her to keep these concerns to herself and
allow the recommendation to stand?
Solution
Ethical responsibility mainly is used to follow the right path. Here, the actions of an individual
must benefit the whole society. So a person should speak up for the right thing. Every individual
is accountable for fulfilling their civic duty, even small business owners also have ethical
responsibilities to their employees, customers and society as a whole.
So if Maria feels there is something that would affect their customers, environment, business and
society as a whole, she should not keep her concerns to herself.
Revolution in Egypt With 83 million people, Egypt is the most populou.pdffashiionbeutycare
Revolution in Egypt With 83 million people, Egypt is the most populous Arab state. On the face
of it, c Egypt made significant economic progress during the 2000s. In 2004, the gov- emment of
Hosni Mubarak enacted a series of economic reforms that included calling for Mo and he step
that included reins of pow to dem trade liberalization, cuts in import tarifs, tax cuts, deregulation,
and changes in tion to dem on a s investment regulations that allowed for more foreign direct
investment in the voted on a Egyptian economy. As a consequence, economic growth, which had
been in way for the the 2 to 4 percent range during the early 2000s, accelerated to around 7 per-
Egyptians cent a year. Exports almost tripled, from $9 billion in 2004 to more than $25 bi Doest
lion by 2010. Foreign direct investment increased from $4 billion in 2004 to state with $11
billion in 2008, while unemployment fell from 11 percent to 8 percent. erate Isla By 2008, Egypt
seemed to be displaying many of the features of other country emerging economies. On Cairo\'s
outskirts, clusters of construction cranes Mohame could be seen where gleaming new offices
were being built for companies ment st such as Microsoft, Oracle, and Vodafone. Highways
were being con- was as structed, hypermarkets were opening their doors, and sales of private
cars on fore quadrupled between 2004 and 2008. Things seemed to be improving. ich But
appearances can be deceiving. Underneath the surface, Egypt had Foreig major economic and
political problems. Inflation, long a concern, remained fast. high at 12.8 percent. As the global
economic crisis took hold in 2008-2009, nomi Egypt saw many of its growth drivers slow. In
2008, tourism brought some subsi $11 billion into the country, accounting for 8.5 percent of
gross domestic not a product, but it fell sharply in 2009 and 2010. Remittances from Egyptian
budg expatriates working overseas, which amounted to $8.5 billion in 2008, de- cess clined
sharply as construction projects in the Gulf, where many of them the worked, were cut back or
shut down. Earnings from the Suez Canal, which tha stood at $5.2 billion in 2008, declined by 25
percent in 2009 as the volume ha of world shipping slumped in the wake of the global economic
slowdown. ba the rich and the poor. Some 44 percent of Egyptians are classified as poor or
extremely poor, the average wage is less than $100 a month. Some 2.6 million people are so
destitute that their entire income cannot cover their basic food needs ru his So
Solution
The Egyptian economy is dependent on the Egypt\'s political stability. Egypt is still governed by
a interim government.
Unemployment rate is high in Egypt. The current government should first make changes in the
economy to decrease unemployment rate. Many wealthy business men have left the country. The
interim government have to stabilise the economy to win back the confidence of egytian
entrepreneur class. This will positively affect the employment rate and will creat.
Question No. 1What updates have been brought by snmpv2 to SNMPv1 c.pdffashiionbeutycare
Question No. 1
What updates have been brought by snmpv2 to SNMPv1 communication architecture? [2 marks]
Question No. 2
How SNMPv3 enhances security compared to SNMPv2? [2 marks]
Question No. 3
Define RMON [1 mark]
What are the benefits of RMON ? [1 mark]
Question No. 4
As a network manager, you are responsible for the operation of a network. You notice heavy
traffic in a host that is on a TCP/IP network and want to find out the details:
What basic network monitoring tool(s) would you use? [1 mark]
What would you look for in your results? [1 mark]
Question No. 5
What is the difference between nslookup & dig? [1 marks]
Question No. 5
Install wireshark and capture IP packets on your Ethernet interface.
Put a screenshot of IP packets captured on your device. [1 marks]
Analyze their headers and contents. [2 marks] (1 mark bonus for
Solution
Answer 1.
SNMPv1 (Simple Network Management Protocol) v1 was designed as a short term solution to
allow management of TCP/IP - based internets. Although it was simple there were some major
issues in SNMPv1, viz Expressiveness of MIB definitions, performance and security issues.
Some key differences brought in SNMPv2 are:
Answer 2:
The newer version of SNMP, i.e. SNMPv3 was released to cover some of the security issues that
plagued SNMPv2. SNMPv3 framework augments the original SNMP and SNMPv2
specifications with additional security and administration capabilities. Security and remote
configuration capabilities were added in the newer version. The SNMPv3 architecture introduces
the User-based Security Model (USM) for message security and View-based Access Control
Model(VACM) for access control. The architecture supports the concurrent use of different
security, access control and message processing protocols. SNMPv2 also introduces the ability to
dynamically
configure the SNMP agent using SNMP SET commands against the MIB objects that represent
the agent\'s configuration. The dynamic configuration support enables addition, deletion and
modification of configuration entries locally or remotely. The latest architecture incorporates an
SNMP context engine ID to encode and decode SNMP contexts.
In short, SNMPv3 provides three layers of security. The highest level is with authentication and
privacy. The second or middle level is with authentication and no privacy and the bottom level is
without authentication and privacy.
Answer 3:
Remote Monitoring (RMON) is a standard specification that facilitates the monitoring ,
analyzing and troubleshooting of network operational activities through the use of remote
devices known as monitors or probes.
RMON provides the benefits of standarazation and improves efficiency by allowing you to
remain at one workstation and collect information from widely dispersed LAN segments or
VLANs. RMON also allows proactive management and reduces the traffic load.
Answer 4:
Microsoft network monitor and CapsaFree are a few of the basic tools one can use for in this
case. Main features of MNM i.
President Truman belleved that an increase in a na development, which.pdffashiionbeutycare
President Truman belleved that an increase in a na development, which typically includes the
exploitation of tion\'s ii means that a nation is moving toward economic . levels of consumption;
immigrant laborers O levels of consumption; natural resources O standard of living; immigrant
laborers Ostandard of living; natural resources
Solution
President Truman believed that an increase in nation\'s levels of consumption means that a nation
is moving towards economic development, which typically includes the exploitation of natural
resources..
Pretend you have been asked by the president of the united statesto .pdffashiionbeutycare
Pretend you have been asked by the president of the united statesto chair a special task force that
is to write a national policy statement on children\'s exposure to television. What
recommendations would you make concerning viewing hours and type of shows to be aired?
Relating television back to cognitive development, give two examples of how young children
might misunderstand plots of television shows or claims made on advertisements.
Solution
individuals suffering from social isolation can employ television to create what is termed a
parasocial or faux relationship with characters from their favorite television shows and movies as
a way of deflecting feelings of loneliness and social deprivation.Just as an individual would
spend time with a real person sharing opinions and thoughts, pseudo-relationships are formed
with TV characters by becoming personally invested in their lives as if they were a close friend
so that the individual can satiate the human desire to form meaningful relationships and establish
themselves in society. The pleasurable effects of television may be likened to an addictive
activity, producing \"momentary pleasure but long-term misery and regret.\"When a person plays
video games or watches TV, the basal ganglia portion of the brain becomes very active and
dopamine is released.Release of high amounts of dopamine reduces the amount of the
neurotransmitter available for control of movement, perception of pain and pleasure and
formation of feelings.Watching television starting at a young age can profoundly effect
children\'s development. These effects include obesity, language delays, and learning disabilities.
Physical inactivity while viewing TV reduces necessary exercise and leads to over-eating.
Language delays occurs when a child doesn\'t interact with others. Children learn language best
from live interaction with parents or other individuals. Resulting learning disabilities from over-
watching TV include ADHD, concentration problems and even reduction of IQ. Children who
watch too much television can thus have difficulties starting school because they aren\'t
interested in their teachers. Children should watch a maximum of 2 hours daily if any television.
At the same time, television can help young people discover where they fit into society, develop
closer relationships with peers and family, and teach them to understand complex social aspects
of communication.
Recommendations are:
Give a specific time,ie, like 2 hours/day for television watching and engage them in oter leisures
such as sports,arts,etc.The type of shows must be informative,such as about new
hobbies,improvements in science and technology and new discoveries or about great
people.Never go for anything like dating shows or something explicit children..
Please explain in detail. Why cant Salmonella be infected by lambd.pdffashiionbeutycare
Please explain in detail. Why can\'t Salmonella be infected by lambda phage? Why can\'t
salmonella be successfully transfected using lambda DNA?
Solution
Lambda phage is a bacteriophage or bacteria virus which is known to infect bacteria especially
Escherichia coli hence, sometimes also called as coliphage.This virus is used in recombinat DNA
technology for transferring special genes or you can say that as a vector. To infect a bacterium a
virus needs to:
1) interact first with the cell surface receptors which are different in different species thus,
making coliphage entry difficult inside the Salmonella species.
2) Multiplication of virus genome inside the bacteria is another factor for a virus to cause
infection in a bacterium. To multiply inside bacteria, phage join its nucleic acid with host\'s
nucleic acid, this stage of infection is called prophage. To attach its nucleic acid a phage must
recognise an attachment site called att site in host\'s genome which varies among different
genera. At this stage genetic exchange takes place hence, it is difficult too transfect Salmonella
with a coliphage.
However, Phage P22 can transfect Salmonella because the bacterium has specific att sites for
P22. Also, Transduction i.e. transfer of nucleic acid by a bacteriophage to bacteria was first
discovered in P22 infecting Salmonella. Salmonella species can be made competitive(
susceptible to genetic exchange by transfection) for coliphage by altering its genomic structure
using recombinant DNA tools..
Part A Tnsomy 21, or Down syndrome, occurs when there is anormal dplo.pdffashiionbeutycare
Part A Tnsomy 21, or Down syndrome, occurs when there is anormal dploid deomosomal
complement but one 21 Ahough ave higher (19 vrvna offspring would be expected to have Down
syndrome rboen parents have 0own syndrome? Given the that wen 48 chromosomes nou
chromosome 21) ly to survive oaydevekpront peroenlage ar O An the chadren would be expected
to have Down syndrome o None of surviving offsprang wous be expected to rave Down sydome
o one othe survivrg omsprng would be expected trav Downsyndrome O Two minds of surviving
preg wouldbe easected to have Down syndrome One hall the survning onspring would be
expected lo have Down syndoome Incorrect: Try Again: 2 attempts remaining a O Ask me
anything
Solution
one third of the surviving offspring will have Downs Syndrome
Since its inheritance is autosomal, so all children will not have Downzs syndrome. One which
will inherit both the copies of trisomy from both parents will have the syndrome.
Part 1 List the basic steps in securing an operating system. Assume.pdffashiionbeutycare
Part 1: List the basic steps in securing an operating system. Assume that the O.S. is being
installed for the first time on new hardware.
Part 2: Name and briefly describe two ways that college students could be recruited into illegal
espionage.
Part 3: Explain the function of the trusted boot function of the trusted platform module (TPM.)
Tell how that is related to the current controversy between Apple and the FBI concerning
encryption. What could the FBI do in the absence of a trusted boot function?
Part 4: Define single loss exposure and annualized risk of occurrence. Explain in your own
words what these have to do with computer security.
Part 5: Explain why it is important to monitor outbound traffic as well as inbound traffic in a
corporate network. Give an example
Solution
Part1:-
There are three things that can enhance operating system security across an enterprise network:
First, provisioning of the servers on the network should be done once in one place, involving the
roughly tens of separate configurations most organizations require. This image, or set of images,
can then be downloaded across the network, with the help of software that automates this process
and eliminates the pain of doing it manually for each server. Moreover, even if you had an
instruction sheet for these key configurations, you wouldn\'t want local administrators to access
these key configurations for each server, which is very dangerous. The best way to do it is once
and for all.
Once the network has been provisioned, administrators need to be able to verify policy
compliance, which defines user access rights and ensures that all configurations are correct. An
agent running on the network or remotely can monitor each server continuously, and such
monitoring wouldn\'t interfere with normal operations.
Second, account management needs to be centralized to control access to the network and to
ensure that users have appropriate access to enterprise resources. Policies, rules and intelligence
should be located in one place—not on each box—and should be pushed out from there to
provision user systems with correct IDs and permissions. An ID life cycle manager can be used
to automate this process and reduce the pain of doing this manually.
Third, the operating system should be configured so that it can be used to monitor activity on the
network easily and efficiently—revealing who is and isn\'t making connections, as well as
pointing out potential security events coming out of the operating system. Administrators can use
a central dashboard that monitors these events in real time and alerts them to serious problems
based on preset correlations and filtering. Just as important, this monitoring system should be set
up so that administrators aren\'t overwhelmed by routine events that don\'t jeopardize network
security.
Part2:-
Two ways that college students could be recruited into illegal espionage:
First, the students may be trend before they sending out to the foreign .
John is 35 years old and recently married with Eva. After they got m.pdffashiionbeutycare
John is 35 years old and recently married with Eva. After they got married, they are considering
to have their first child in 2 years and save for a deposit to buy an apartment. Which lifecycle
stage is John likely in?
Select one:
a. Wealth accumulation phase
b. Early family formation
c. Approaching retirement
d. Post retirement
e. Saving versus consumption phase
Solution
Answer :- Option e). Saving versus consumption phase.
Explanation :- John is likely in \"Saving versus consumption phase\" of lifecycle in the above
given question..
List three characteristics that an Intrusion Prevention System (IPS).pdffashiionbeutycare
List three characteristics that an Intrusion Prevention System (IPS) could use in identifying an
intruder to a network. Do you feel these systems are effective?
Solution
Intrusion Prevention System is a control device of security technology where it has the capacity
which it offers the security to all the system levels. That is, it provides the security from the
operating system to network data packets. When the data is transferred by the user, the IPS offers
some rules for the network traffic for alerting the user system or the network administrators by
giving alert that there will be a suspicious in the traffic. Then the administrator can take the
action on the suspicious and user can be attentive.
If there are any potential attacks then IPS makes attempts to stop it. IPS has the capacity that it
prevents the known intrusion signatures, and also some unknown attacks.
Yes, it is an effective system to avoid the attacks and protects the system in all levels by
providing the security..
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptxEduSkills OECD
Francesca Gottschalk from the OECD’s Centre for Educational Research and Innovation presents at the Ask an Expert Webinar: How can education support child empowerment?
What are some of the basic features of Excavates Discuss the differe.pdf
1. What are some of the basic features of Excavates? Discuss the difference among major classes
of organisms found in this. For the toolbar press ALT +F10 (PC) or ALT + FN + F10 (Mac)
Solution
Excavates are a diverse group of unicellular Protists with Flagella.These protists are so named
because many have a deep, or excavated, oral groove. Unlike other protists, excavates have
atypical, greatly modified mitochondria. Many excavates are endosymbionts and live in anoxic
(without oxygen) environment. These excavates do not carry out aerobic respiration; they obtain
energy by the anaerobic pathway of glycolysis (presumably by fermentation).
The representatives protest clades are dipplomonads and parabasalids with the key characters of
two or more flagella; ventral oral (feeding) groove and Euglenoids and trypanosomes with the
key characters of some with plastids; crystalline red in flagella
Example: SEM of Trichomonas vaginalis, a parabasalid.
Currently, excavates include dipomonads, parabasalids, euglenoids, and trypanosomes. The
inclusion of these organisms inti single superfamily is somewhat controversial because their
relationship to one another are uncertain. Additional studies will be needed to determine if the
excavates as currently presented are monophyletic group.
Diplomonads are small mostly parasitic flagellates
Diplomonads are excavates that have one or two nuclei, no functional mitochondria, no Golgi
complex, and up to eight flagella. Example: Giardia is a parasitic diplomonad. Interestingly,
Giardia has two haploid nuclei, each of which contains a complete copy of giardia’s genome.
Giardia lacks functional mitochondria, although it contains certain genes that code for proteins
associated with mitochondria in other organism. Giardia also has reduced structures that
somewhat resembles mitochoindria.
Giardia intestinalis is a major cause of water-borne diarrhea through the world. Giardia is
eliminated as a resistant cyst in the feces of many vertebrate animals. These cysts are common
contaminant in untreated drinking water.
Parabasilids are anaerobic endosymbionts that live in animals
Parabasilids are anaerobic, flagellated excavates that often live in animals. Trichonymphs and
trichomonads are examples of parabasilids. Trichonymphs, which have hundreds of flagella, live
in the guts of termites and wood-eating cockroaches. The trichonymphs rely on endosymbiotic
bacteria to digest cellulose in the wood. The insects, trichonymphs, and bacteria all obtain their
nutrients from this source. This is excellent example of mutualism.
