This case report describes a rare instance of gemination (incomplete division) of a mandibular third molar tooth. A 30-year-old female presented with pain in her lower right back tooth region. Radiographic examination revealed a partially erupted tooth in the third molar region with an atypical morphology - two crowns fused with a single bulbous root and large shared pulp chamber. The tooth was surgically extracted and upon examination and sectioning, was determined to be a case of gemination rather than fusion. Gemination and fusion are developmental anomalies that can be difficult to distinguish, but this report presents a rare case of gemination involving the third molar.
This case report describes a rare instance of gemination (incomplete division) of a mandibular third molar tooth. A 30-year-old female presented with pain in her lower right back tooth region. Radiographs revealed a partially erupted tooth in the third molar region with an atypical crown and root morphology. The extracted tooth showed a single root and bulbous pulp chamber shared between two crown structures, consistent with gemination. Gemination and fusion are developmental anomalies that occur due to failed division of tooth buds. This report presents a rare case of gemination involving a mandibular third molar.
This document reports a rare case of gemination (incomplete division) of a mandibular third molar. A 30-year-old female presented with pain in her lower right back tooth region. Radiographs revealed a partially erupted anomalous tooth with two crowns fused to a single bulbous root. The tooth was surgically extracted and found to have a single root and incomplete division, confirming a diagnosis of gemination. Gemination and fusion are uncommon developmental anomalies that can impact tooth alignment and other dental treatments if not properly diagnosed and managed. This case highlights the importance of accurate radiographic evaluation and diagnosis of such dental variations.
- The document describes three cases of patients with multiple impacted supernumerary teeth. Case 1 involved a patient with bilaterally impacted premolars and one horizontally impacted tooth. Case 2 had numerous impacted supernumerary teeth in both jaws. Case 3 had 6 impacted supernumerary teeth, four in the maxilla and two in the mandible.
- Supernumerary teeth can cause complications like impaction, delayed or ectopic eruption, and cyst formation. Treatment depends on the type, position and complications of each supernumerary tooth.
- The cause of supernumerary teeth is unclear but believed to involve both genetic and environmental factors. They are more common in men and the maxilla.
This document reports on a case study of the surgical removal of 38 odontomes from the palatomaxillary area of a 9-year old patient. Odontomes are benign odontogenic tumors composed of dental hard tissues. The patient presented with delayed tooth eruption and radiographs revealed multiple radiopaque structures in the palatomaxillary area. Under local anesthesia, a triangular flap was elevated to expose the lesion and 38 odontomes were surgically removed. The area was irrigated and closed. The patient had no further issues at follow up. Odontomes are generally asymptomatic but can cause complications if left untreated due to their potential for growth and associated tooth impaction.
- Traumatic injuries to primary and permanent teeth are common, with maxillary central incisors most frequently affected. Injuries range from enamel fractures to luxations and avulsions.
- Epidemiological studies show that approximately 1/3 of children experience dental trauma to primary teeth and 1/5 experience trauma to permanent teeth. Injuries most often occur from falls at home for young children and from sports for adolescents.
- Proper classification and diagnosis of dental injuries is important to determine appropriate treatment and management. Conditions range from concussion with no displacement to intrusive luxation with tooth displacement into bone.
Dentigerous cyst in maxilla in a young girlMausumi Iqbal
This document describes a case report of a rare dentigerous cyst in an 8-year-old girl arising from an unerupted maxillary premolar that had invaded the right maxillary sinus. Clinically, the patient presented with swelling in the right upper jaw. Radiographs revealed a partially formed tooth surrounded by a radiolucent area. The cyst was surgically removed via enucleation along with the displaced tooth. Histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of a dentigerous cyst.
Supernumerary teeth, or extra teeth beyond the normal number, are a developmental dental anomaly that have been found to occur more frequently in patients with cleft lip and palate. This document reviews several studies that have examined the prevalence of supernumerary teeth in patients with cleft lip and/or palate, finding reported rates ranging from 11.7% to 29.2%. Multiple studies found the highest prevalence of supernumerary teeth occurred in the maxillary anterior region near the cleft site. The increased frequency of supernumerary teeth in cleft patients is thought to be related to the splitting of the dental lamina during cleft formation.
This case report describes a rare instance of gemination (incomplete division) of a mandibular third molar tooth. A 30-year-old female presented with pain in her lower right back tooth region. Radiographic examination revealed a partially erupted tooth in the third molar region with an atypical morphology - two crowns fused with a single bulbous root and large shared pulp chamber. The tooth was surgically extracted and upon examination and sectioning, was determined to be a case of gemination rather than fusion. Gemination and fusion are developmental anomalies that can be difficult to distinguish, but this report presents a rare case of gemination involving the third molar.
This case report describes a rare instance of gemination (incomplete division) of a mandibular third molar tooth. A 30-year-old female presented with pain in her lower right back tooth region. Radiographs revealed a partially erupted tooth in the third molar region with an atypical crown and root morphology. The extracted tooth showed a single root and bulbous pulp chamber shared between two crown structures, consistent with gemination. Gemination and fusion are developmental anomalies that occur due to failed division of tooth buds. This report presents a rare case of gemination involving a mandibular third molar.
This document reports a rare case of gemination (incomplete division) of a mandibular third molar. A 30-year-old female presented with pain in her lower right back tooth region. Radiographs revealed a partially erupted anomalous tooth with two crowns fused to a single bulbous root. The tooth was surgically extracted and found to have a single root and incomplete division, confirming a diagnosis of gemination. Gemination and fusion are uncommon developmental anomalies that can impact tooth alignment and other dental treatments if not properly diagnosed and managed. This case highlights the importance of accurate radiographic evaluation and diagnosis of such dental variations.
- The document describes three cases of patients with multiple impacted supernumerary teeth. Case 1 involved a patient with bilaterally impacted premolars and one horizontally impacted tooth. Case 2 had numerous impacted supernumerary teeth in both jaws. Case 3 had 6 impacted supernumerary teeth, four in the maxilla and two in the mandible.
- Supernumerary teeth can cause complications like impaction, delayed or ectopic eruption, and cyst formation. Treatment depends on the type, position and complications of each supernumerary tooth.
- The cause of supernumerary teeth is unclear but believed to involve both genetic and environmental factors. They are more common in men and the maxilla.
This document reports on a case study of the surgical removal of 38 odontomes from the palatomaxillary area of a 9-year old patient. Odontomes are benign odontogenic tumors composed of dental hard tissues. The patient presented with delayed tooth eruption and radiographs revealed multiple radiopaque structures in the palatomaxillary area. Under local anesthesia, a triangular flap was elevated to expose the lesion and 38 odontomes were surgically removed. The area was irrigated and closed. The patient had no further issues at follow up. Odontomes are generally asymptomatic but can cause complications if left untreated due to their potential for growth and associated tooth impaction.
- Traumatic injuries to primary and permanent teeth are common, with maxillary central incisors most frequently affected. Injuries range from enamel fractures to luxations and avulsions.
- Epidemiological studies show that approximately 1/3 of children experience dental trauma to primary teeth and 1/5 experience trauma to permanent teeth. Injuries most often occur from falls at home for young children and from sports for adolescents.
- Proper classification and diagnosis of dental injuries is important to determine appropriate treatment and management. Conditions range from concussion with no displacement to intrusive luxation with tooth displacement into bone.
Dentigerous cyst in maxilla in a young girlMausumi Iqbal
This document describes a case report of a rare dentigerous cyst in an 8-year-old girl arising from an unerupted maxillary premolar that had invaded the right maxillary sinus. Clinically, the patient presented with swelling in the right upper jaw. Radiographs revealed a partially formed tooth surrounded by a radiolucent area. The cyst was surgically removed via enucleation along with the displaced tooth. Histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of a dentigerous cyst.
Supernumerary teeth, or extra teeth beyond the normal number, are a developmental dental anomaly that have been found to occur more frequently in patients with cleft lip and palate. This document reviews several studies that have examined the prevalence of supernumerary teeth in patients with cleft lip and/or palate, finding reported rates ranging from 11.7% to 29.2%. Multiple studies found the highest prevalence of supernumerary teeth occurred in the maxillary anterior region near the cleft site. The increased frequency of supernumerary teeth in cleft patients is thought to be related to the splitting of the dental lamina during cleft formation.
This document discusses various developmental disturbances that can affect teeth and bone growth, classified into developmental and environmental alterations. Developmental alterations include changes in tooth number, size, shape, and structure. Specific conditions discussed include hypodontia (fewer teeth), hyperdontia (extra teeth), microdontia (smaller teeth), macrodontia (larger teeth), gemination (fused teeth appearing as one), fusion (fused teeth appearing as missing one), concrescence (fused tooth roots), and accessory cusps. Treatment depends on the severity and can include prosthetics, orthodontics, or surgery. Genetic factors play a strong role in many developmental tooth anomalies.
This document discusses various developmental anomalies that can affect the teeth. It begins by introducing different types of developmental defects categorized by size, number, shape, form and structure of teeth. It then focuses on specific anomalies in each category. For size, it describes macrodontia and microdontia, including true/relative generalized and localized forms. For number, it discusses anodontia, supernumerary teeth and hypodontia/oligodontia. For shape and form, it examines fusion, gemination, taurodontism, talon cusp and other anomalies. The document provides clinical pictures and examples to illustrate each condition and discusses etiology, characteristics and management.
This case report describes a rare case of an inflammatory dentigerous cyst associated with an unerupted mandibular first premolar tooth in a 9-year-old male patient. Dentigerous cysts typically involve the mandibular third molar and are uncommon in the first decade of life. Imaging revealed a well-defined radiolucent lesion associated with the crown of the unerupted first premolar. Histopathological examination after surgical removal showed a cyst lining of non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium with inflammation in the connective tissue wall, consistent with an inflammatory dentigerous cyst. Complete removal of the cyst and associated tooth is important to prevent potential complications. This case highlights
This case report describes a 24-year-old patient presenting with 34 impacted permanent and supernumerary teeth across the upper and lower jaws, which is a rare occurrence absent any syndrome. Radiographic examination revealed impacted teeth in each quadrant, including supernumerary teeth. Surgical removal of the impacted teeth and supernumerary teeth was planned followed by orthodontic intervention to facilitate eruption of remaining impacted teeth. The presence of multiple supernumerary teeth without an associated syndrome is considered rare, occurring in less than 1% of cases.
This document discusses gummy smiles, which refer to excessive gingival display during smiling. It defines gummy smiles and outlines different types of smile lines. Normal gingival display during smiling is 1-2mm. Gummy smiles show more than 4mm of gingiva. The document explores the etiology of gummy smiles, including excessive gum tissue, hyperactive lip muscles, excessive jaw growth, gum disease, and congenital factors. It notes that gummy smiles are more common in females and tend to improve with age. The document provides a checklist for diagnosing and treating gummy smiles, including assessing lip position, tooth exposure, smile arc, tooth proportions, and lip morphology. It includes a case report example
This case report describes a rare occurrence of "mirror image impacted rosette molars" or "kissing molars" in a 26-year-old male patient. Panoramic x-ray and CT imaging revealed bilaterally impacted third molars along with an impacted left second molar that was contacting the third molar from above in a rosette formation. The patient underwent surgical extraction of all four impacted teeth. Kissing molars are a very rare impaction where two teeth contact each other within the same follicular space. The etiology is still unknown but it may be associated with certain medical conditions or developmental abnormalities.
Clinical consideration in tooth development, eruption and sheddingShashibhal Maurya
This document discusses various clinical considerations related to tooth development, eruption, and shedding. It begins with an introduction on tooth composition and classifications of developmental defects. It then examines specific defects that can occur during different stages of tooth development, such as anodontia, supernumerary teeth, gemination and fusion during the initiation stage. Enamel hypoplasia, dens invaginatus, taurodontism and amelogenesis imperfecta are among the defects discussed during the apposition stage. Syndromes associated with certain defects and systemic diseases that can cause tooth abnormalities are also reviewed.
A Rare Case of Impacted and Inverted Primary Incisor Tooth “A Case of Develop...QUESTJOURNAL
Introduction: Children generally suffer from dental traumas to their primary teeth. Traumas may lead to complications, depending on the site and potency of the injuries. The acute dental abscess usually occurs secondary to dental caries or dental trauma. The necrotic pulp tissue becomes colonized by a specialized mixed anaerobic biofilm. Case Presentation: A 5-year-old boy referred to clinic (Gaziosmanpasa University, Department of Pediatric Dentistry), with a complaint of acute dental abscess. His mother reported a history of dental injury to upper anterior region at the age of 4-6 months and the boy was not seen by dentist following the trauma. Clinical examination revealed unerupted or missing left primary central tooth. There was pain, swelling and erythema localized to the affected region. Radiographic examination revealed that the left primary tooth was impacted and inverted. Treatment consisted of extraction of the impacted and inverted tooth. Parents were informed about the procedure and written informed consent was taken. The impacted and inverted tooth was extracted under local anesthesia . The patient was recalled for a control visit 6 months later but he came back clinic 2 years later. Postoperative recovery was uneventful and erupted permanent maxillary central tooth had normal morphology. Conclusion: In the present case, the malpositioning of the tooth germ may have been the cause of invertion and impaction. In our opinion, previous trauma could have been the cause of malpositioning of the tooth germ. Parents should be aware of characteristic of primary dentition period and effects of dental injuries. Long-term follow should be planned for traumatized children in primary and permanent dentition period.
This case report describes an extremely rare case of severe dilaceration (117° palatal inclination) of the root of a maxillary second premolar tooth. Trauma to primary teeth can result in developmental disturbances to permanent successor teeth, including crown and root dilaceration. Dilacerated teeth pose challenges for diagnosis, treatment planning, endodontic access, and extraction. In this case, the maxillary second premolar tooth was severely dilacerated and had to be extracted. Dilaceration is an abnormality that requires a multidisciplinary approach and modified treatment procedures.
This document discusses the etiology of malocclusion. It states that malocclusion results from an interaction of genetic and environmental factors. The etiology can be classified as general factors, local factors, or skeletal and soft tissue factors. General factors include hereditary traits, congenital defects, environmental influences, and habits. Local factors relate to abnormalities in tooth number, size, shape, eruption, and dental caries. Understanding the etiology is important for developing an effective treatment plan and preventing future relapse.
This document provides an overview of developmental disturbances of teeth. It begins with an introduction that defines development and discusses genetic and environmental factors that can disrupt odontogenesis. It then classifies and describes various developmental disturbances affecting the size, number, shape, structure, and eruption of teeth. Specific disturbances covered in detail include microdontia, macrodontia, gemination, fusion, taurodontism, talon cusp, dens invaginatus, and shovel-shaped incisors. The document discusses causes, clinical features, classifications, and treatments for each disturbance. Radiographic features are also described for some conditions.
Dental caries is caused by demineralization of tooth structure due to acid produced by oral bacteria. It is characterized by loss of both inorganic and organic components of the tooth. Dental caries has been defined and classified in various ways based on factors such as the anatomical site, severity, tissue involvement, number of surfaces affected, and chronology. The key etiological factors include the presence of cariogenic bacteria in dental plaque, a susceptible tooth substrate, and a cariogenic diet. Secondary factors like time, the dynamic process of demineralization and remineralization, and saliva also influence the development of dental caries.
A Dental Transposition: Literature Review and Clinical ManagementAbu-Hussein Muhamad
This document summarizes a case report of the successful orthodontic treatment of a complete transposition between a maxillary left canine and lateral incisor in a 14-year-old female patient. A panoramic x-ray revealed the transposition, which is a developmental anomaly where teeth exchange positions. Treatment options included accepting the transposition, extracting one tooth, or correcting the transposition. The authors chose to orthodontically move the teeth to their correct positions to improve esthetics and function. Over 24 months of treatment using fixed appliances and archwires, the canine and lateral incisor were slowly moved into their anatomically correct positions. At the end of treatment, a Class I occlusion was achieved with
This document presents a case report of a 48-day-old infant with Down syndrome who presented with a pre-deciduous tooth in the maxillary right posterior region, near the location of tooth #54-55. On examination, the tooth had mild inflammation and swelling around the gums. Radiographs could not be taken due to lack of cooperation. Conservative management was provided through antibiotics, analgesics, and oral hygiene instructions. Though rare, posterior pre-deciduous teeth can cause issues with feeding or infections in Down syndrome children, so awareness of such conditions is important for proper management.
13.Siddiqui M., Tiwari R, PH Shilpa, Ramaiah A, Tiwari H. Downs syndrome associated with dentitia praecox in maxillary posterior region: A case report. IP Int J Med Paediatr Oncol 2018;4(3):127-128.
A Dental Transposition: Literature Review and Clinical Managementiosrjce
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences is one of the speciality Journal in Dental Science and Medical Science published by International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR). The Journal publishes papers of the highest scientific merit and widest possible scope work in all areas related to medical and dental science. The Journal welcome review articles, leading medical and clinical research articles, technical notes, case reports and others.
This document discusses autotransplantation of teeth in children. Autotransplantation involves surgically moving a tooth from one location in the mouth to another in the same person. It has achieved high success rates and can be an option for replacing missing teeth in children. Factors that influence success include the health of the patient, stage of root development of the donor tooth, and adequate bone and soft tissue support at the recipient site. Autotransplantation may be indicated for missing teeth, premature tooth loss, eruption issues, or other dental problems and can avoid the need for dental implants.
This document discusses various developmental disturbances that can affect teeth, including disturbances in number, size, shape, and structure. It describes conditions like hypodontia, supernumerary teeth, microdontia, macrodontia, gemination, fusion, dens invaginatus, taurodontism, and enamel pearls. It provides details on the classification, etiology, clinical features, and radiographic presentation of these different developmental disturbances that occur due to abnormalities during tooth development.
Dental anatomy is a field of anatomy dedicated to the study of human tooth structures. The development, appearance, and classification of teeth fall within its purview.
Taking away taboos and assist the people who grief: Living a long, happy and ...eshaasini
grief may encompass various symptoms and can be re- garded as a specific, severe form of sorrow. People being circum- vented by the right people and atmosphere, generally experience less difficulties while going through the different phases that em- brace bereavement compared to people who are not. It suggests that besides approaching the symptoms associated with grief, the social elements to combat grief are rather important too. Although social support is acknowledged to be helpful during (traumatic) grief, little information is available about the type of support and behavior that is considered helpful.
Involvement of Interleukin-6 induced PI3K/Akt/mTor pathway in the regulation ...eshaasini
Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) is an invasive cancer. Alphafoetoprotein (AFP) is a diagnostic marker for HCC directly related to the disease agressivity. Telomerase, is expressed by 90% of HCC. PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway wich is regulated by IL-6 is activated in the HCC. Our aim is to investigate the effect of IL-6 on AFP and telomerase secretion in HepG2/C3A and PLC/ PRF/5 cell lines.
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Similar to Co-Existence of Synodontia & Talon Cusp in Mandible: A Rare Case
This document discusses various developmental disturbances that can affect teeth and bone growth, classified into developmental and environmental alterations. Developmental alterations include changes in tooth number, size, shape, and structure. Specific conditions discussed include hypodontia (fewer teeth), hyperdontia (extra teeth), microdontia (smaller teeth), macrodontia (larger teeth), gemination (fused teeth appearing as one), fusion (fused teeth appearing as missing one), concrescence (fused tooth roots), and accessory cusps. Treatment depends on the severity and can include prosthetics, orthodontics, or surgery. Genetic factors play a strong role in many developmental tooth anomalies.
This document discusses various developmental anomalies that can affect the teeth. It begins by introducing different types of developmental defects categorized by size, number, shape, form and structure of teeth. It then focuses on specific anomalies in each category. For size, it describes macrodontia and microdontia, including true/relative generalized and localized forms. For number, it discusses anodontia, supernumerary teeth and hypodontia/oligodontia. For shape and form, it examines fusion, gemination, taurodontism, talon cusp and other anomalies. The document provides clinical pictures and examples to illustrate each condition and discusses etiology, characteristics and management.
This case report describes a rare case of an inflammatory dentigerous cyst associated with an unerupted mandibular first premolar tooth in a 9-year-old male patient. Dentigerous cysts typically involve the mandibular third molar and are uncommon in the first decade of life. Imaging revealed a well-defined radiolucent lesion associated with the crown of the unerupted first premolar. Histopathological examination after surgical removal showed a cyst lining of non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium with inflammation in the connective tissue wall, consistent with an inflammatory dentigerous cyst. Complete removal of the cyst and associated tooth is important to prevent potential complications. This case highlights
This case report describes a 24-year-old patient presenting with 34 impacted permanent and supernumerary teeth across the upper and lower jaws, which is a rare occurrence absent any syndrome. Radiographic examination revealed impacted teeth in each quadrant, including supernumerary teeth. Surgical removal of the impacted teeth and supernumerary teeth was planned followed by orthodontic intervention to facilitate eruption of remaining impacted teeth. The presence of multiple supernumerary teeth without an associated syndrome is considered rare, occurring in less than 1% of cases.
This document discusses gummy smiles, which refer to excessive gingival display during smiling. It defines gummy smiles and outlines different types of smile lines. Normal gingival display during smiling is 1-2mm. Gummy smiles show more than 4mm of gingiva. The document explores the etiology of gummy smiles, including excessive gum tissue, hyperactive lip muscles, excessive jaw growth, gum disease, and congenital factors. It notes that gummy smiles are more common in females and tend to improve with age. The document provides a checklist for diagnosing and treating gummy smiles, including assessing lip position, tooth exposure, smile arc, tooth proportions, and lip morphology. It includes a case report example
This case report describes a rare occurrence of "mirror image impacted rosette molars" or "kissing molars" in a 26-year-old male patient. Panoramic x-ray and CT imaging revealed bilaterally impacted third molars along with an impacted left second molar that was contacting the third molar from above in a rosette formation. The patient underwent surgical extraction of all four impacted teeth. Kissing molars are a very rare impaction where two teeth contact each other within the same follicular space. The etiology is still unknown but it may be associated with certain medical conditions or developmental abnormalities.
Clinical consideration in tooth development, eruption and sheddingShashibhal Maurya
This document discusses various clinical considerations related to tooth development, eruption, and shedding. It begins with an introduction on tooth composition and classifications of developmental defects. It then examines specific defects that can occur during different stages of tooth development, such as anodontia, supernumerary teeth, gemination and fusion during the initiation stage. Enamel hypoplasia, dens invaginatus, taurodontism and amelogenesis imperfecta are among the defects discussed during the apposition stage. Syndromes associated with certain defects and systemic diseases that can cause tooth abnormalities are also reviewed.
A Rare Case of Impacted and Inverted Primary Incisor Tooth “A Case of Develop...QUESTJOURNAL
Introduction: Children generally suffer from dental traumas to their primary teeth. Traumas may lead to complications, depending on the site and potency of the injuries. The acute dental abscess usually occurs secondary to dental caries or dental trauma. The necrotic pulp tissue becomes colonized by a specialized mixed anaerobic biofilm. Case Presentation: A 5-year-old boy referred to clinic (Gaziosmanpasa University, Department of Pediatric Dentistry), with a complaint of acute dental abscess. His mother reported a history of dental injury to upper anterior region at the age of 4-6 months and the boy was not seen by dentist following the trauma. Clinical examination revealed unerupted or missing left primary central tooth. There was pain, swelling and erythema localized to the affected region. Radiographic examination revealed that the left primary tooth was impacted and inverted. Treatment consisted of extraction of the impacted and inverted tooth. Parents were informed about the procedure and written informed consent was taken. The impacted and inverted tooth was extracted under local anesthesia . The patient was recalled for a control visit 6 months later but he came back clinic 2 years later. Postoperative recovery was uneventful and erupted permanent maxillary central tooth had normal morphology. Conclusion: In the present case, the malpositioning of the tooth germ may have been the cause of invertion and impaction. In our opinion, previous trauma could have been the cause of malpositioning of the tooth germ. Parents should be aware of characteristic of primary dentition period and effects of dental injuries. Long-term follow should be planned for traumatized children in primary and permanent dentition period.
This case report describes an extremely rare case of severe dilaceration (117° palatal inclination) of the root of a maxillary second premolar tooth. Trauma to primary teeth can result in developmental disturbances to permanent successor teeth, including crown and root dilaceration. Dilacerated teeth pose challenges for diagnosis, treatment planning, endodontic access, and extraction. In this case, the maxillary second premolar tooth was severely dilacerated and had to be extracted. Dilaceration is an abnormality that requires a multidisciplinary approach and modified treatment procedures.
This document discusses the etiology of malocclusion. It states that malocclusion results from an interaction of genetic and environmental factors. The etiology can be classified as general factors, local factors, or skeletal and soft tissue factors. General factors include hereditary traits, congenital defects, environmental influences, and habits. Local factors relate to abnormalities in tooth number, size, shape, eruption, and dental caries. Understanding the etiology is important for developing an effective treatment plan and preventing future relapse.
This document provides an overview of developmental disturbances of teeth. It begins with an introduction that defines development and discusses genetic and environmental factors that can disrupt odontogenesis. It then classifies and describes various developmental disturbances affecting the size, number, shape, structure, and eruption of teeth. Specific disturbances covered in detail include microdontia, macrodontia, gemination, fusion, taurodontism, talon cusp, dens invaginatus, and shovel-shaped incisors. The document discusses causes, clinical features, classifications, and treatments for each disturbance. Radiographic features are also described for some conditions.
Dental caries is caused by demineralization of tooth structure due to acid produced by oral bacteria. It is characterized by loss of both inorganic and organic components of the tooth. Dental caries has been defined and classified in various ways based on factors such as the anatomical site, severity, tissue involvement, number of surfaces affected, and chronology. The key etiological factors include the presence of cariogenic bacteria in dental plaque, a susceptible tooth substrate, and a cariogenic diet. Secondary factors like time, the dynamic process of demineralization and remineralization, and saliva also influence the development of dental caries.
A Dental Transposition: Literature Review and Clinical ManagementAbu-Hussein Muhamad
This document summarizes a case report of the successful orthodontic treatment of a complete transposition between a maxillary left canine and lateral incisor in a 14-year-old female patient. A panoramic x-ray revealed the transposition, which is a developmental anomaly where teeth exchange positions. Treatment options included accepting the transposition, extracting one tooth, or correcting the transposition. The authors chose to orthodontically move the teeth to their correct positions to improve esthetics and function. Over 24 months of treatment using fixed appliances and archwires, the canine and lateral incisor were slowly moved into their anatomically correct positions. At the end of treatment, a Class I occlusion was achieved with
This document presents a case report of a 48-day-old infant with Down syndrome who presented with a pre-deciduous tooth in the maxillary right posterior region, near the location of tooth #54-55. On examination, the tooth had mild inflammation and swelling around the gums. Radiographs could not be taken due to lack of cooperation. Conservative management was provided through antibiotics, analgesics, and oral hygiene instructions. Though rare, posterior pre-deciduous teeth can cause issues with feeding or infections in Down syndrome children, so awareness of such conditions is important for proper management.
13.Siddiqui M., Tiwari R, PH Shilpa, Ramaiah A, Tiwari H. Downs syndrome associated with dentitia praecox in maxillary posterior region: A case report. IP Int J Med Paediatr Oncol 2018;4(3):127-128.
A Dental Transposition: Literature Review and Clinical Managementiosrjce
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences is one of the speciality Journal in Dental Science and Medical Science published by International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR). The Journal publishes papers of the highest scientific merit and widest possible scope work in all areas related to medical and dental science. The Journal welcome review articles, leading medical and clinical research articles, technical notes, case reports and others.
This document discusses autotransplantation of teeth in children. Autotransplantation involves surgically moving a tooth from one location in the mouth to another in the same person. It has achieved high success rates and can be an option for replacing missing teeth in children. Factors that influence success include the health of the patient, stage of root development of the donor tooth, and adequate bone and soft tissue support at the recipient site. Autotransplantation may be indicated for missing teeth, premature tooth loss, eruption issues, or other dental problems and can avoid the need for dental implants.
This document discusses various developmental disturbances that can affect teeth, including disturbances in number, size, shape, and structure. It describes conditions like hypodontia, supernumerary teeth, microdontia, macrodontia, gemination, fusion, dens invaginatus, taurodontism, and enamel pearls. It provides details on the classification, etiology, clinical features, and radiographic presentation of these different developmental disturbances that occur due to abnormalities during tooth development.
Dental anatomy is a field of anatomy dedicated to the study of human tooth structures. The development, appearance, and classification of teeth fall within its purview.
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Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) is an invasive cancer. Alphafoetoprotein (AFP) is a diagnostic marker for HCC directly related to the disease agressivity. Telomerase, is expressed by 90% of HCC. PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway wich is regulated by IL-6 is activated in the HCC. Our aim is to investigate the effect of IL-6 on AFP and telomerase secretion in HepG2/C3A and PLC/ PRF/5 cell lines.
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The ApoB/ApoA-1 (ApoB/A1) ratio is a pre- dictor of atherosclerotic vascular disease. In this study, we aimed to explore whether ApoB/A1 ratio is related to arteriosclerosis parameters, including subclinical atherosclerosis and arterial stiff- ness, in type 2 diabetic patients.
The Meta-Analysis about the Expression and Prognosis of anti-Ro-52, anti-CENP...eshaasini
This article summarizes a meta-analysis on the expression and prognostic value of anti-Ro-52, anti-CENP-B, and AMA in Sjogren's syndrome (SS) and systemic sclerosis (SSc). The meta-analysis found that the positive rate of anti-Ro-52 in SS and SSc patients was higher than anti-SSB. Anti-Ro-52 may also indicate more severe disease in SS patients. The positive rate of anti-CENP-B was higher in SSc patients compared to anti-SSB, but not different in SS patients. The positive rate of AMA was lower than ANA in SS and SSc but increased in SS patients with
Types of Breast Tissues
•
Fibrous
•
Fibro glandular
•
Adipose (Fatty)
What is Tomosynthesis?
•
Is a 3 dimensional projection
•
Reduces overlapping tissue seen with 2D only
•
15 projections are taken with each combo exposure (7.5) (-7.5)
•
With an average breast (18*24) 3D dose is 1.34, combo is 2.56 Milligrey. (3 Milligrey FDA) (2D is 1.2)
Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Association between β-Blocker Use ...eshaasini
β-blockers are drugs frequently prescribed for various indications in cardiology and for which anticancer properties have been suggested. We aimed to evaluate the association between the use of β-blockers and survival of women with OC.
1.2. Methods: A systematic literature search of relevant databases through September 2020 was conducted to identify studies assessing the association between β-blockers use and prognostic in women with OC. The inverse variance weighting method with random-effects model was used to calculate pooled hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). We assessed the risk of immortal time bias (ITB) and the quality of the studies with the Newcastle–Ottawa scale. Subanalyses were performed based on quality scores and the risk for ITB.
IRF5 Promotes the Progression of Hepatocellular Carcinoma and is Regulated by...eshaasini
The IRF family of proteins involves in the tumor progression. However, but the functions of IRF5 in the tumorigenesis are largely unknown. Here, IRF5 was found to be up-regulated in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Interfering with IRF5 inhibited the growth and tumorigenic ability of HCC cells. When studying the molecular mechanism, it was found that TRIM35 interacted with IRF5, promoting the ubiquitination and degradation of IRF5. In the clinical specimens of HCC, TRIM35 was negatively correlated with the expression of IRF5. These observations reveal the oncogenic function of IRF5 in the progression of HCC, suggesting that IRF5 is a promising target for the therapy of HCC.
Benefit of Serum-Thymidine Kinase 1 Concentration for Risk Assessment from Ga...eshaasini
This meta-analysis examined 27 studies to determine if serum thymidine kinase 1 concentration (STK1p) can provide benefit for risk assessment of gastric neoplasm progression to gastric carcinoma (GC) and for evaluating GC treatment effects. The studies included 1,909 GC patients, 1,229 gastric neoplasm patients, and 2,260 tumor-free individuals. The results showed that STK1p levels increased significantly from tumor-free to superficial gastritis to chronic gastritis to atrophic gastritis to gastric ulcer to GC. STK1p levels in 251 GC patients declined significantly by 66% one month after surgery compared to pre-surgery levels. This suggests that STK1p has
Prognosis of Invasive Micropapillary Carcinoma of the Breast Analyzed by Usin...eshaasini
Invasive micropapillary carcinoma (IMPC) is a rare type of breast cancer with high frequency of regional lymph node metastasis. However, the prognosis of IMPC has remained controversial for decades. We aimed to compare the differences of prognosis between IMPC and Invasive ductal carcinoma(IDC) of the breast by utilizing Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database
Relevant Features and Treatment Options of DLBCL Patients with Late Relapse A...eshaasini
Diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) represents the most common type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) and it is a potentially curable disease with the current standard of care of immunochemotherapy with cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (CHOP) especially the addition of rituximab.
Alterations of Gut Microbiota From Colorectal Adenoma to Carcinomaeshaasini
Gut microbiota has been implicated as a critical role in the development of colorectal cancer (CRC) and colorectal adenoma (CRA). However, few basic research has revealed the association between gut microbiota and the development of CRA and CRC. We aim to compare the diversity and composition of intestinal flora in CRA and CRC patients, to reveal the changes of intestinal microorganism in the evolution of normal intestinal mucosa-CRA-CRC axis, and to explore potential biomarkers
Clinic Correlation and Prognostic Value of P4HB and GRP78 Expression in Gastr...eshaasini
Prolyl 4-hydroxylase, beta polypeptide (P4HB) and Glucose‑regulated protein 78 (GRP78) represent for poor prognosis of various cancers, while rare research investigate correlation of them. This study aimed to explore correlation and prognostic value of them in gastric cancer
Combined Analysis of Micro RNA and Proteomic Profiles and Interactions in Pat...eshaasini
The Liquid Mass System(LMS) includes an Easy nLC1000 (Thermo Fisher) coupled ultra-high resolution mass spectrometer Orbitrap Fusion Lumos (Thermo Fisher) with a Thermo Fisher electrospray source. Each injection is sent to a preset column (Acclaim PepMap C18, 100 μm x 2 cm, Thermo Scientific) for adsorption at a flow rate of 3 L/min. The sample is then sent to the analyzer column (Acclaim PepMap C18, 75 μm x 15 cm, Thermo Scientific) for separation.
1. A study assessed the feasibility and satisfaction of CureCancer, a digital platform allowing cancer patients to self-report medical data and communicate with physicians.
2. 159 patients from 9 centers enrolled; 144 registered and 114 completed questionnaires on demographics, disease, treatment and platform usability. Most were university-educated with breast or lung cancer.
3. Patients reported registration and communication via the platform was largely easy and preferred over traditional methods. Improved access, communication, adherence and distancing interventions were highlighted.
Skeletal muscle channelopathy are rare heterogeneous episodic disorders with marked genotypic and phenotypic variability resulting in periodic paralysis, and falls in young people which often misdiagnosed or undiagnosed due to its rarity, often the symptoms are miscommunicated to the treating phycision due to its episodic nature and not uncommonly physical examination by the time patient attend the clinic or hospital will be unremarkable apart from periodic muscle paralysis where patient will presented to ED with flaccid weakness,
Prevalence of Hpv Infection in the Lekoumou and Niari Departments (Congo Braz...eshaasini
We carried out a descriptive and cross-sectional study over a period of 7 months from January to July 2019 in the department of Lekoumou. 100 women ranging in age from 16 to 73 years old. The variables studied were as follows: age, marital status, level of education, risk factors for the onset of HPV infection, age at first sexual intercourse, number of sexual partners, parity, gesture. The multivariate analysis was done between age, number of level of instruction, parity, age of first sexual intercourse and number of sexual Partners. The statistical analysis and the data processing were carried out by the Excel 2016 software and the graph pad prism version 5 software. The statistical test used was the chi-square test.
The Use of the Infrared Laser Therapy of 890-910 NM for the Treatment Breast ...eshaasini
The experimental studies were conducted with Walker's carcinosarcoma n256 (from the U.S.A. bank), cancer of the mammary gland (RMK-1). Spontaneous –mice with mammary glands cancer (type B). The tasks were as follows: to study the effect of different doses LLLT on the growth of experimental tumors. Evaluation of the effectiveness by applying LLLT in combination with various chemotherapeutic agents
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a simplified look into the mechanisms involved in the regulation of respiration:
Learning objectives:
1. Describe the organisation of respiratory center
2. Describe the nervous control of inspiration and respiratory rhythm
3. Describe the functions of the dorsal and respiratory groups of neurons
4. Describe the influences of the Pneumotaxic and Apneustic centers
5. Explain the role of Hering-Breur inflation reflex in regulation of inspiration
6. Explain the role of central chemoreceptors in regulation of respiration
7. Explain the role of peripheral chemoreceptors in regulation of respiration
8. Explain the regulation of respiration during exercise
9. Integrate the respiratory regulatory mechanisms
10. Describe the Cheyne-Stokes breathing
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 42, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 36, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 13, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/kqbnxVAZs-0
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/SINlygW1Mpc
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of the physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar lead (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
6. Describe the flow of current around the heart during the cardiac cycle
7. Discuss the placement and polarity of the leads of electrocardiograph
8. Describe the normal electrocardiograms recorded from the limb leads and explain the physiological basis of the different records that are obtained
9. Define mean electrical vector (axis) of the heart and give the normal range
10. Define the mean QRS vector
11. Describe the axes of leads (hexagonal reference system)
12. Comprehend the vectorial analysis of the normal ECG
13. Determine the mean electrical axis of the ventricular QRS and appreciate the mean axis deviation
14. Explain the concepts of current of injury, J point, and their significance
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. Chapter 3, Cardiology Explained, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2214/
7. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
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Explore the benefits of combining Ayurveda with conventional Parkinson's treatments. Learn how a holistic approach can manage symptoms, enhance well-being, and balance body energies. Discover the steps to safely integrate Ayurvedic practices into your Parkinson’s care plan, including expert guidance on diet, herbal remedies, and lifestyle modifications.
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Co-Existence of Synodontia & Talon Cusp in Mandible: A Rare Case
1. Co-Existence of Synodontia & Talon Cusp in Mandible: A Rare
Mohapatra S1*
, Pareek S2
, Arora KS3
, Verma A4
, Mishra D5
and Yadav V6
1
Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, SCB Dental College, Cuttak, Odisha, India
2
Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Institute of Dental Sciences, Bhubanswar, Odisha, India
3
Department of Oral Medicine & Radiology, Bhojia Dental College & Hospital, Bhud, Baddi, Himachal Pradesh, India
4
Senior Lecturer, Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Rajasthan Dental College and Hospital, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
5
Department of Periodontology and Oral Implantology, Kalinga institute of Dental Sciences, Bhubneshwar, Odisha, India
6
Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology Eklavya Dental College and Hospital,Kotputli, Rajasthan, India
Volume 1 Issue 2- 2018
Received Date: 23 June 2018
Accepted Date: 20 July 2018
Published Date: 26 July 2018
1. Abstract
1.1. Aim: The aim of reporting this case is to bring to light a different kind of tooth developmen-
tal anomaly very rarely reported in literature.
1.2. Case Report: Synodontia and Talon cusp are rare developmental anomalies present in hu-
man dentition. Talon cusp is most commonly seen on the palatal surfaces of the permanent max-
illary anteriors while synodontia is seen in primary anterior dentition. The present case reports
an unusual case of Synodontia of mandibular anteriors with talon cusp.
3. Conclusion: Talons cusp as well as fusion are rare anomalies individually with the treatment
differing from case to case. The combination of both the anomalies is even rarer, with a varying
treatment plan.
Annals of Clinical and Medical
Case Reports
Citation: Mohapatra S, Pareek S, Arora KS, Verma A, Mishra D and Yadav V, Co-Existence of Synodontia &
Talon Cusp in Mandible: A Rare. Annals of Clinical and Medical Case Reports. 2018; 1(2): 1-3
United Prime Publications: http://unitedprimepub.com
*Corresponding Author (s): Karandeep Singh Arora, Department of Oral Medicine &
Radiology, Bhojia Dental College & Hospital, Bhud, Baddi, Himachal Pradesh, India, Tel:
7597559999; E-mail: drkaranarora@yahoo.com
Case Reort
3. Introduction
“Fusion” and “Gemination” are the terms used to describe joint
and double formation of teeth. It is difficult to differentiate clini-
cally between fusion and gemination. A fused/double tooth is a
developmental anomaly formed due to fusion of two adjacent
tooth buds or germination of single bud during proliferation
stage of tooth development [1].
It is mostly seen in primary dentition with a prevalence of 0.5%
& least in permanent dentition with a prevalence of 0.1% [2].
However, reports of its distribution according to gender, race and
location are conflicting in literature. The term “synodontia” was
coined by Dejonge to describe adjacent teeth that fuse during
development [3].
The etiology is diverse. Many believe that this alteration occurs
due to physical forces that put developing teeth in contact, thus
producing necrosis of the epithelial tissue that separates them,
leading to fusion [4,5].
It is also said that environmental factors & thalidomide may also
play a role in the etiology of fusion. Knudsen in his study found
out that treating animals with trypan blue and high doses of Vi-
2. Key words
Dentition; Fusion; Synodontia;
Talon’s cusp
tamin A can cause this anomaly [5].
A fused tooth usually has two separate root canals and a sin-
gle wide crown. Clinically, the crowns of the teeth appear to be
joined together, with a small groove between the mesial and dis-
tal sections [6].
Talon cusp is a dental anomaly which presents as an accessory
cusp-like structure projecting from the cingulum area of maxil-
lary or mandibular anterior teeth in either dentitions [7]. It was
first reported by Mitchell in 1892 and then named as Talon cusp
by Mellor and Ripa [8]. It might also present as pyramidal, coni-
cal, or teat like.
Talon cusp is a rare dental anomaly, especially when it occurs
on mandibular teeth. It affects both dentitions; lingual aspect of
the maxillary incisor being the most frequently involved tooth.
Facial talon cusps are rare. Males are affected more than females.
It may appear as an isolated trait or associated with various syn-
dromes such as Rubinstein Taybi syndrome, Mohr syndrome,
Sturge Weber syndrome, incontinentia pigmenti, and Ellisvan
Creveld syndrome [9,10].
The etiology of Talon’s cusp is multifactorial consisting of both
3. tongue during the speech and mastication, attrition of the tooth
and periodontal problems treatment is required [14]. In case of
a serious problem, complete removal of cusp is done along with
root canal therapy [15].
In the present case, the patient was totally asymptomatic so no
treatment procedure was carried out with respect to mandibular
left central and lateral incisor.
5. Conclusion
Talons cusp as well as fusion are rare anomalies individually with
the treatment differing from case to case. The combination of
both the anomalies is even rarer, although the treatment would
be pretty much the same. Oral prophylaxis was done for this pa-
tient as there were no presenting esthetic complaints and was
asked for regular follow up.
References
1. Pindborg JJ. Pathology of the dental hard tissues. Philadelphia: W.B
Saunders Co. 1970; 4755.
2. Spounge JD. Oral pathology. Saint Louis: C.V Mosby Co. 1973; 1356.
3. Dejonge TE. Beschouwingen Over DE Syndontie. T Tandheelk. 1955;
62: 828.
4. Milano M, Seybold SV, Mc Candless G, Cammarata R. Bilateral fu-
sion of mandibular primary incisors: report of case. J Dent Child. 1999;
66: 2802.
5. Knudsen PA. Fusion of upper Incisors at bud or cap stage in mouse
embryos with exencephaly induced by hypervitaminosis A. Acta Odont
Scand. 1965; 23: 391409.
United Prime Publications: http://unitedprimepub.com 3
6. Velasco LFL, Araujo FB, Ferreira ES, Velasco LEL. Esthetic and func-
tional treatment of a fused permanent tooth: a case report. Quintessence
Int. 1997; 28: 677–680.
7. Shafer WG, Hine MK, Levy BM. A Textbook of Oral Pathology. 4th
ed. Philadelphia: WB Saunders. 1983; 41.
8. Mitchell WH. Case report. Dent Cosmos. 1892; 34: 1036.
9. Sumer AP, Zengin AZ. An unusual presentation of talon cusp: A case
report. Br Dent J. 2005; 199: 42930.
10. Kulkarni VK, Choudhary P, Bansal AV, Deshmukh J, Duddu MK,
Shashikiran ND. Facial talon cusp: A rarity,report of a case with one year
follow up and flashback on reported cases. Contemp Clin Dent 2012;
3(Suppl 1): S1259.
11. Shashikiran ND, Babaji P, Reddy VV. Double facial and a lingual
trace talon cusps: A case report. J Indian Soc Pedod Prev Dent. 2005;
23: 8991.
12. Brook AH, Winter GB. Double teeth. A retrospective study of ‘gemi-
nated’ and ‘fused’ teeth in children. Br Dent J. 1970; 129: 12330.
13. Hattab FN, Yassin OM, Al-Nimri KS. Talon cusp inpermanent denti-
tion associated with other dental anomalies:review of literature and re-
ports of seven cases. J Dent Child. 1996; 63(5): 368–76.
14. Da Costa GC, Chalakkal P. Bilateral Complete and Incomplete Fu-
sion of Incisors and its Management. Contemp Clin Dent. 2017; 8(1):
171-4.
15. Sharma G, Nagpal A. Talon Cusp: A Prevalence Study of Its Types in
Permanent Dentition and Report of a Rare Case of Its Association with
Fusion in Mandibular Incisor. J Oral Dis. 2014.
Volume 1 Issue 2 -2018 Case Report