1. Humans have two dentitions - the primary dentition from 6 months to 6 years containing 20 deciduous teeth, and the permanent dentition after 12 years containing 32 teeth. 2. The primary dentition is replaced by the permanent dentition between 6-12 years of age, known as the mixed dentition period when both deciduous and permanent teeth are present. 3. Each tooth consists of a crown covered by enamel, a neck, and one or more roots. Teeth can be classified based on the number of roots as single or multi-rooted.

2. *The Dentitions
Humans have two dentitions
1-The primary dentition
2-The permanent dentition

3. *The Dentitions
1-The primary dentition: 6m to 6y
20 teeth. 10 maxillary and 10 mandibular.
2 incisors, 1 canine and 2 molars.
The dental formula is:
2 1 2
I --- C ---- M ---- = 10
2 1 2
1-Tooth types
2-Dentition periods

4. 1- primary Dentition period
( From 6 months to 6 years)
The only deciduous teeth are seen in the oral cavity

5. 2-The permanent dentition: after 12 y
(secondary, adult or succedaneous )
32 teeth, 16 maxillary and 16 mandibular.
2 incisors, 1 canine, 2 premolars and 3 molars.
The dental formula is :
2 1 2 3
I ---- C ---- PM --- M ---- = 16
2 1 2 3

6. 2- Secondary ( permanent ) Dentition
period ( after 12 years of age )
The only permanent teeth are seen in the oral cavity .
Note:
•The permanent molars are not preceded with
deciduous teeth so they may be termed as non-
succedaneous teeth.

7. 3- Mixed Dentition period
( From 6 years to 12 years of age)
Deciduous and permanent teeth are seen in the
oral cavity

8. Primary dentition
6 m - 6 y
Mixed dentition
6 y -12 y
Permanent dentition 12 y and up
Shedding: It is the
physiological loss of the
deciduous teeth and their
subsequent replacement
by permanent teeth.
Deciduous
Permanent
Mixed

9. 1- Primary dentition
6 m - 6 y
3- Permanent dentition 12 y and up
2- Mixed dentition
6 y - 12 y
X – Ray
Showing

10. Each tooth has three
anatomical parts:
1- Crown
2- The Neck: cervical line .
3- Root (s)
Tooth Anatomy
Macro-anatomy of the tooth
Enamel
Cementum

12. There are three sites of Junction
Junctions of tooth tissues
1- Cemento-enamel junction
(CEJ): Cervical line
2- Dentino-enamel junction
(DEJ):
3- Dentino-cemental junction
(DCJ):
Enamel
Dentin
Cementum
Pulp
DCJ
CEJ
DEJ

13. Anatomical and clinical crown.
Clinical
Crown
Anatomical
Crown

14. Is the part of a tooth
that is visible in the
oral cavity above
the gum line.
Clinical
crown
Clinical
crown
Anatomical
crown
Anatomical and clinical crown
☻The part
of the tooth
covered by
enamel.

15. Part of the anatomical crown may be
covered by gingiva.

16. Clinical
Crown
Anatomical
Root
Clinical
Root
Anatomical
Crown
Anatomical And Clinical Crown And Root

17. Anatomical And Clinical Crown And Root
Gingival
Recession
Gingival
Recession
Anatomical
crown
Part of the Anatomical root
Clinical
Crown

18. C.C.
A.C.
C.R.
A.R.
C.C
C.R.
A.C.
A.R.
CROWN
CROWN
ROOT
ROOT
Gingival
Recession
Newly Erupted Teeth
Anatomical And Clinical Crown And Root

19. Teeth May Be Divided According To The Number
Of Roots
Single rooted teeth
The undivided
portion of the
root is called:
Root Trunk.
Multirooted teeth

20. •Teeth may be divided according to no. of roots into:
Single rooted teeth Multirooted teeth

21. 3-Tooth designation
1) Palmer Notation System:
The permanent teeth are numbered from 1-8 on each side
from the midline.
Upper right Upper left
8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Lower right Lower left
8 permanent upper right third
molar
5 Lower left second premolar
3 permanent upper left
canine
1 permanent lower right central
incisor

22. The deciduous teeth are lettered from A-E on each side from
the midline.
Upper right Upper left
E D C B A A B C D E
E D C B A A B C D E
Lower right Lower left
D Deciduous upper right first molar
Deciduous lower left canine
Deciduous upper left
lateral incisor
Deciduous lower right
second molarE
B
C

24. 2- The international numbering system
(The two digit system)
The teeth are designed by using two-digit systems:
a. The first digit of the code is located at the left side of the
number and indicates the quadrant.
U.R. 1 2 U.L.
L.R. 4 3 L. L.
b. The second digit is located at the right side of the number
and indicates the number of the tooth in the quadrant.
****The two digits should be pronounced separately.
In the permanent dentition. In the deciduous dentition.
U.R. 5 6 U.L
L.R. 8 7 L.L.

25. Permanent teeth
18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28
48 47 46 45 44 43 42 41 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38
Deciduous teeth
55 54 53 52 51 61 62 63 64 65
85 84 83 82 81 71 72 73 74 75
16 Permanent upper right first molar
33 Permanent lower left canine
55
Deciduous upper right
second molar 72
Deciduous lower left lateral
incisor

26. 3)The universal numbering system
(American numbering system):
The number is always preceded by the sign # to designate that
the system is used for universal system.
Permanent teeth (1 – 32)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17
#22 Permanent Lower left canine #16 Permanent upper left third
molar

27. Deciduous teeth (1 – 20)
The number is preceded by d #
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11
Or (A - T) The letter is preceded by # only
A B C D E F G H I J
T S R Q P O N M L K
d# 14 Deciduous lower left
lateral incisor
#B Deciduous upper right
first molar

28. 3-Tooth Orientational Terms:
Each Tooth Has Five Surfaces Like A Box With 4 Sides And A Roof.

29. LABIAL
Towards the
lip
FOR
ANTERIOR
TEETH
BUCCAL
Towards the
cheek
POSTERIOR
TEETH
OR

30. PALATAL
towards the
palate
LINGUAL
towards the
tongue
OR

31. MESIAL towards
the midline
DISTAL away from
the midline
OR

32. MIDLINE

33. For anterior teeth For posterior teeth
INCISAL OCCLUSALOR

34. Line
angle
Point
angle
To determine a specific area of the crown.
•Line and point angles

35. Line And Point Angles Of The
Anterior Teeth
Incisal
edge

36. Line And Point Angles Of The
Posterior Teeth

37. Note: The anterior teeth have fewer line angles because the
meeting of the mesial and distal line surfaces with incisal ridge
are rounded , so the mesio-incisal and disto-incisal line
angles are practically not exist. .
Incisal ridge
Note:

38. Horizontal division into thirds
O
M
C
C
M
A
O
M
C
C
M
A I
M
C
M
C
A
I
M
C
C
M
A
O: Occlusal M: middle C: cervical I : incisal A : apical

39. Vertical division into thirds
D
D
M
M
L
M
P
M
M
BML
D. Distal M. Mesial or Middle L. Lingual or labial
B. Buccal

40. Middle
Middle
Mesial
Buccal
Lingual
Incisal &occlusal
Middle
Cervical
•Division into thirds
Distal

41. Middle
Middle
Mesial
Buccal
Lingual
Middle
Cervical
Apical
Distal
Mesial halfDistal half Buccal half Lingual half

42. Lobe.
It is one of the primary centers of calcification and growth
formed during the crown development.
There are three, four or five
lobes
The pulp chamber has pulp
horns corresponding to
these lobes.

43. Lobe
Mamelons
Cingulum
Cusps

44. They are three small round projections of
enamel present in the incisal third of newly
erupted incisors.
After normal use, eventually the mamelones
wear down into a flat edge.

45. It is the enlargement or bulge on the cervical
third of lingual surface of the crown in anterior
teeth .

46. Elevation of various shape & size present
on
**Incisal portion of canine.
**The occlusal surface of post. Teeth
It is formed of enamel, dentin& pulp
Cusp:

47. Tubercle.
•It is a small elevation. It is produced by excessive
formation of enamel.
•Tubercle differs from cusp as it is formed of enamel
only while cusp is formed of pulp horn covered by dentin
and enamel.

48. Ridge.
It is a linear elevation on the different surfaces of the crown.
Facial Lingual Occlusal

49. A- Ridges on the facial surface (Labial and Buccal):
Labial Ridge: Buccal Ridge: Cervical Ridge:
Found on the labial
surfaces of
canines.
Usually found on the
buccal surfaces of the
premolars.
It is found on the
cervical one third of
the facial surfaces of
all the teeth.
Well developed in the
(D) followed by (E).

50. B- Ridges on the lingual surface:
1.Incisal Ridge:
3.Lingual
Ridge:
4.Marginal Ridge:
2.Cusp Ridge:
IR

51. C- Ridges on the occlusal surface of posterior teeth:
1.Marginal Ridges
2.Triangular Ridges:
1
2
1
2

52. Triangular R.
Cusp Tip
M M RD M R
Cusp Ridges
MBC
MLCDLC
DBC

53. 3.Transverse
4.Oblique Ridge:
(E67 may be D, 8)

54. Triangular ObliqueTransverse
All occlusal
surfaces of
posterior teeth.
Lower premolar. Upper molars

55. B- Crown Depressions
Linear depression Circumscribed depressions

56. 1- Linear
depression
Developmental grooves
Supplemental grooves
Fissures
Denoting union of lobes
They do not denote union
of lobes.
Incomplete enamel union

57. SULCUS:
It is a broad depression or valley on the occlusal
surfaces of posterior teeth.
Its inclines meet in a developmental groove and
extend to the cusp tips.

58. Fossa
Circumscribed depressions
Pits
Lingual fossa
Mesial &distal fossa
Central fossa
True
Faulty

59. Lingual fossaMesial &distal
triangular fossae
Central fossa
Fossa

60. True pit Faulty pit
•Present in the bottom of
central, mesial and distal
triangular fossae.
•At the end of buccal groove
Usually develops as a
result of incomplete
formation of enamel.
pit

61. *Dental anatomy terminology
Each erupted tooth is surrounded and
supported by the bone of the jaw. It’s called
socket or alveolus
The developing tooth present in a bony space
and is called crypt.

62. It is the bony space in the alveolar bone
containing the developing unerupted tooth.
It is the bony space in the alveolar bone
containing the roots of erupted tooth.
CRYPT:
SOCKET:

63. OTHER TERMS
Those surfaces of the teeth that
are cleaned by the normal
functional action of the
tongue, lips, cheeks and
lubricated by mouth fluids.
SELF CLEANSING SURFACES:
Facial
Lingual
Incisal Occlusal

64. CALCIFICATION:
The organic framework of a tooth becomes hard by depossition of
calcium and phosphorous salts brought in by small blood vessels.
Organic
Framework
Hard
Tissues