all the techniques used in completedenture fabrication in condition like flabby tissue and resorbed rigdes plus patients having problem of gag. it includes various pictures and procedure of impression techniques.
all the techniques used in completedenture fabrication in condition like flabby tissue and resorbed rigdes plus patients having problem of gag. it includes various pictures and procedure of impression techniques.
Fundamentals of Soft Tissue Grafting Principles for Dental Clinicians
by Dr. Jin Y. Kim
Board-Certified Periodontist
Lecturer, UCLA School of Dentistry
Fundamentals of Soft Tissue Grafting Principles for Dental Clinicians
by Dr. Jin Y. Kim
Board-Certified Periodontist
Lecturer, UCLA School of Dentistry
The future of dentistry and periodontics lies in regeneration. The goals of periodontal therapy lies in not only the arrest of periodontal disease progression but also regeneration of the lost periodontal structures. This presentation provides a review of the current understanding of the regeneration of the periodontium and the procedures involved to restore the periodontal tissues around the teeth.
Wound healing is an important concern these days and there are lots of various medications for it.
One of the most effective methods is Applying Acellular Matrices to the wound bed.
In this presentation, It was tried to explain the application of these products as well as the complications of usage.
I wish it be useful for anyone.
It would be appreciated if you let me know your comments on my presentation.
sincerely,
S. Mohammad Zargar
Contact me: s.mohammad.zargar@gmail.com
It is sometimes difficult in clinical and experimental situations to determine whether regeneration or new attachment has occurred and the extent to which it has occurred.
Although there are various evidences of reconstruction, the proof of principle for the type of healing is determined by histological studies.
Wound management has made rapid advances over the last 25 years. New innovations in dressing technology could have a huge impact on the greater wound care industry.
Reconstructive periodontal therapy
Some of the slides may appear Blank/White/Black, those are the Videos that I added in the presentation.
Kindly Ignore those slides.
Cartilage is derived (embryologically) from mesenchyme. . Chondroblasts produce the intercellular matrix as well as the collagen fibres. Chondroblasts that become imprisoned within this matrix become chondrocytes. The articular surface of most synovial joints are lined by hyaline cartilage
Bioceramic dental implant coatings (Deposited and converted coatings ).
This presentation discusses the different techniques used to coat dental implants to enhance osseointegration .
Metallic scaffolds for bone tissue engineering (Titanium/Nickel-Titanium/Tantalum/Cobalt chromium and stainless steel ).
We will discuss metallic scaffolds requirements,disadvantages,types and the pros and cons of each type.
Biodegradable metals for bone regeneration : Magnesium ,iron and zinc based alloys.In this presentation we will discuss different types of biodegradable metals used in bone regeneration and the pros and cons of each .
Assessment of mechanical,physical,chemical and biological properties of dental alloys .
This presentation discusses the assessment of the properties of different alloys used in dentistry such as gold,NiTi and base metal alloys .
Hydrogels are a group of hydrophilic polymeric materials that have the ability to swell but do not dissolve immediately.Hydrogels have gained attention in biomediacal applications and is gaining popularity in dental research .
PEEK is one of the material options that could replace titanium and zirconia in dental applications .It can be used as dental implants,abutments ,removable partial dentures .
Self-healing dental polymer:mechanism and uses in dentistry.
This presentation discusses briefly the definition ,mechanism and uses of self-healing polymers in dentistry.
Polyhydroxyalkanoates as an example of natural biodegredable polymers .
PHAs are biodegredable biopolyesters produced by a variety of gram negative and gram positive bacteria.
They have a variety of applications in the industrial and medical fields .
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control programSapna Thakur
NVBDCP was launched in 2003-2004 . Vector-Borne Disease: Disease that results from an infection transmitted to humans and other animals by blood-feeding arthropods, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. Examples of vector-borne diseases include Dengue fever, West Nile Virus, Lyme disease, and malaria.
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
1. Dental Soft tissue regeneration using novel tissue engineering techniques
(Comparison between traditional and novel techniques)
Mohamed Mahmoud Abdul-Monem Abdul-Aziz
Dental Biomaterials Department
Faculty of dentistry
Alexandria University
Egypt
2019
1
2. 2
Contents
1.Introduction.
2.Traditional techniques for periodontal soft tissue regeneration.
2.1 Autologous grafts
2.2 Allogenic grafts
2.3 Xenogenic grafts
2.4 Non-resorbable alloplasts
3.Novel techniques for periodontal soft tissue regeneration.
3.1 Tissue engineering using biodegradable alloplasts
3.2 3D printing
3.3 Lasers
3.4 Ozone treatment
3.5 Gene therapy
4.Comparison between traditional and novel techniques.
5.Conclusion
3. 1.Introduction
1.1 Definition of soft tissue
In anatomy, soft tissue includes the tissues that connect, support,
or surround other structures and organs of the body.
Soft tissue includes :
• Tendons, ligaments, fascia, skin, fats and synovial
membranes (which are connective tissues).
• Muscles, nerves and blood vessels (which are not connective
tissues) .
3
4. 4
Repair vs Regeneration
Tissue repair is a dynamic
restorative cell proliferation which
leads to the formation of
granulation or fibrous tissue .
Tissue regeneration recovers
organ/tissue structure and
function.
6. 1.2 Periodontium regeneration
•The periodontium is a complex structure composed
of both soft (gingiva, periodontal ligament) and hard
(alveolar bone, cementum) tissues .
•The primary aim of mucogingival surgical therapies
is the complete restoration of the anatomy of the
mucogingival complex and the regeneration of the
attachment apparatus of the tooth, ultimately
restoring esthetics and relieving dental
hypersensitivity .
6
7. 1.3 Guided tissue
regeneration (GTR)
•Guided tissue regeneration (GTR) is defined by
the American Academy of Periodontology as a
procedure attempting to regenerate lost
periodontal structures through differential tissue
responses.
•It involves the use of resorbable or non-
resorbable barriers (membranes) to exclude
epithelial and connective tissue cells from the
root surface during wound healing.
7
8. The barrier membranes in GTR must fulfill five main
criteria:
1. Tissue integration.
2. Cell occlusivity.
3. Clinical manageability.
4. Space-making ability maintained long enough for both PDL and
bone cells to proliferate into the defect.
5. Biocompatibility. (non-toxic, nonantigenic and induce no or little
inflammation).
8
9. 1.4 Applications of soft tissue regeneration in
dentistry :
a) Root/implant coverage procedures in the treatment of localized gingival
recessions.
b) Keratinized tissue augmentation in areas where attached gingiva or mucosa is
absent.
c) Soft tissue volume augmentation in edentulous ridge.
d) Removal of aberrant frenulum.
e) Prevention of ridge collapse associated with tooth extraction.
f) Crown lengthening.
g) Gingival preservation at ectopic tooth eruption site.
9
17. 2.1 Autografts
(a) Tissue grafts (b) PRF
Advantages Disadvantages Advantages
Low risk of infection in grafted area Donor site hemorrhage Autologous
Low risk of disease transmission Anesthesia/paresthesia of
donor site
Rich in cells and growth factors
Low risk of immune reactions Postoperative pain ,discomfort
and infection in donor site
Ease of Preparation
Rich in cells and growth factors. Limited supply
Increased chairside time
17
18. 2.2 Allografts
Acellular dermal matrix allograft (ADMA)
18
Composition
• Human skin epidermis and
cellular components of the
dermis have been removed.
• Basement membrane and
extracellular matrix
component (ECM) &
collagenous scaffolding
have been maintained.
Advantages
• Avoidance of the palatal
donor site.
• Treatment of multiple
gingival recessions in one
visit.
• Unlimited amounts of
tissue availability.
• High quality of donor
tissue.
• Higher case acceptance rate
and less postoperative
discomfort .
Disadvantages
• Increased risk of disease
transmission
• Increased risk of immune
rejection
19. 2.2 Allografts
19
(A)AlloDerm (BioHorizons)
(B) Histological specimen of acellular dermal matrix demonstrating
mucosal tissue (M) overlying the area of graft placement (ADM) and
osseous crest (B).
20. 20
2.3 Xenografts Xenografts
ECM
membrane
•3D matrix of collagen &
elastin from animal
dermis or submucosa +
Glycosaminoglycans,
glycoproteins & growth
factors
Disadvantages :
1.Chemical crosslinking
decreases biocompatibility
2.Non-Resorbable
Bilayer collagen
membrane
First layer : thin, smooth, and
low-porosity compact collagen
layer from animal peritoneum.
Second layer : thick, porous
spongy collagen layer from
animal skin .
Advantages :
1.1.Interweaving
biophysical crosslinking
2.2.Resorbable
Function of layers :
First layer : cell occlusivity & protects
against bacterial infiltration .
Second layer : facilitate tissue
adherence, integration and angiogenesis.
22. 2.3 Xenografts
Advantages Disadvantages
Unlimited supply Increased risk of disease transmission
Decreased postoperative
complications
Increased risk of immune rejection
Decreased surgical time Decreased biocompatibility due to the
use of chemical crosslinking agents in
some types.
22
24. 2.4 Non-resorbable Alloplasts
ADVANTAGES
1. Mechanical support .
DISADVANTAGES
1. Second surgical procedure to
remove the membrane .
2. Early and spontaneous exposure in
oral cavity
24
25. 3.Novel techniques for periodontal soft tissue
regeneration
3.1 Tissue engineering using biodegradable alloplasts
25
31. 3.2 3D bioprinting
•Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting
technologies have been developed to
offer construction of biological tissue
constructs that mimic the anatomical
and functional features of native tissues
or organs.
•These cutting-edge technologies could
make it possible to precisely place
multiple cell types and biomaterials in
a single 3D tissue construct.
31
32. 32
3D
bioprinting
techniques
Ink –jetting
-Heat or
piezoelectric
effect
-High Resol. 20-
100 μm
-Multiple
cartridges
-Low viscosity
bioinks
Extrusion-
based
-Pnuematic piston
-Multiple cartridge
-Multiple
viscosities
-Low resolution
50-400 µm
Laser-induced
forward
transfer
-Pulsed laser
-Multiple
viscosities
-Rapid gelation of
bioink
33. 33
The required properties of hydrogel-based bioinks are:
1. Relatively high viscosity to
provide homogenous cell
suspension and initial structural
integrity.
2. Strong shear-thinning behavior
to minimize cell damage.
3. Rapid gelation to build a 3D
tissue structure.
34. Types of 3D bio-printed scaffolds for periodontal
regeneration
34
38. 38
Role of ozone
• Anti-microbial
• Immunostimulant effect
• Hemostatic
• Biosynthetic
• Increase the local supply of
oxygen
• Increase temperature in the
area of the wound
• Angiogenic
Uses
• PDL regeneration
• Treatment of peri-implantitis
• Treatment of periodontitis
3.4 Ozone treatment and periodontal soft tissues regeneration
44. 44
5.Conclusion
•In general, the techniques for soft tissue regeneration either dental (gingival mucosa and PDL) or
maxillofacial (skin, muscles and TMJ disc) are the same.
• Traditional techniques such as autograft, allografts, xenografts and non-resorbable alloplasts have been
widely used but all have their corresponding disadvantages.
•Novel techniques such as electrospinning and 3D printing are increasingly being used for soft tissue
regeneration .The concept is the same ,the difference is in the biomaterial used, the type of stem cells for
regeneration and the growth factors that will increase the regeneration capacity.
•Laser and ozone treatments are usually used as a combination therapy to any of the previous techniques .
•Gene therapy is an emerging technique for soft tissue regeneration, but it still needs further research to avoid
any mutagenic effects .