help in exams

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Sir Syed University of Engineering & Technology
ANSWER SCRIPT
Date: 1st
July,2020
Roll Number: 2017-BM-004
Section: BM-7A
Name: SAAD NAZAR
Course Name: TISSUE ENGINEERING
Degree Program: BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING
Total number of pages
being submitted:
Q#01 (a): Relate the process suggested by the panel of doctors based on the processes
learned In Tissue Engineering. Classify the major aspects required for this process.
ANSWER: Successful tissue engineering requires interplay among three components:
 Implanted & cultered cells that ill create new tissue.
 Biomaterial act as scaffold or matrix to hold cells.
 Biological signaling molecules that instruct cells to form desired tissue type.
Techniques used are as:
 Electrospinning help to improve adhesion.
 Soft lithography is used in regulating the distribution & alignment, of Human
Mesenchymal stem cells.
 Photolithography to maintain the cells to be in uniform shape.
Q#01(b): Outline which growth factors are involved for the cell adhesion.
ANSWER:
Growth Factors:
 Platelet-Derived Growth Factor: Proliferation and chemoattractant agent for smooth
muscle cells; ECM synthesis and deposition.
 Epidermal Growth Factor: Proliferation of mesenchymal,epithelial, and firbroblast
cells
 Transforming Growth Factor-Alpha:Migration and proliferation of keratino-
cytes;ECM synthesis and deposition.
 Transfroming Growth Factor-Beta:Stimulates recuirtment and proliferation of
mesenvhymal cells,their differentiation into osteoblasts and chondrocytes and ECM
production.
 Insulin-like Growth Factor:Regulates several key cellular process,including
proliferation ,movement and inhibition of apoptosis.

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Q#01 (c): Do you think that current technology is mature enough to carry out the
development process for adhesive tissue in the laboratory? Explain.
ANSWER:
No I don’t think that current technology is mature enough to carry out the development
process for adhesive tissue in the laboratory because as far as we are growing the world
requires more modern techniques.
To develop improved tissue adhesives for the closure of wounds of living tissues,a profound
knowledge of different ingredients provides a further understanding of the behaviors of tissue
adhesives for the future. Each component has a special role to play in terms of the
biocompatibility, bonding durability,bonding efficiency, bond strength, and shelf life of the
adhesive, and a well-thought out formulation will play an important role in developing a
significant outperformance of new products by introducing some special abilities
(hemostasis,antimicrobial activity, and antiinflamation) of different ingredients. Therefore,
we believe that the tissue adhesive based on natural ploymers,which are crosslinked through
biochemical reactions by incorporating a special chemical group, and those biomimetic
polymers mimicking tissue adhesives show great potential for the generations of surgical
adhesives.
Altogether ,this review clearly explains the mechanisms of adhesion, the methods for
adhesion tests, and different kinds of tissue adhesive from both clinical and academic
standpoints. Moreover, the development of new tissue adhesives will continue to progress in
the coming years, and this review article will provide novel creative design principles for the
generation of future tissue adhesives.
Q#02 (a):Related to both soft and hard tissues, why some biomaterials have better control
over physical and mechanical properties. Can they be used to tailor for both tissues? Explain
in detail.
ANSWER:
Q#02(b):Briefly relate the role of Bioreactors with respect to biomaterials for both soft and
hard tissues.
ANSWER:
The bioreactorscan be usedfor the invitrodevelopmentof new tissuebyprovidingbiochemical and
physical regulatorysignalstothe cellsandalsostimulate differentiation.
It isalso helpful toprovideExtraCellulorMatrix before invivoimplantation.

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Q#02 (c):Is it possible touse these biomaterialsinothersubstratesorareas?Outlineswiththe
applications inTissue Engineering.
ANSWER:
Yes it is possible to use these biomaterials in other substrates or areas.
Applications in Tissue Engineering:
 Tissue engineering is a scientific field mainly focused on the development of tissues
and organ substitutes by controlling biological,biophysical and biomechanical
parameters in the laboratory.
 It is an multi disciplinary technique to create 3D functional tissues combining
scaffolds,cells and bioactive moclecules.
 This field involves scientific areas such as cell biology,material
science,chemistry,molecular biology,engineering and medicine.
 Development of biological substitutes that maintain, improve or restore tissue
function.
 Tissue engineering to solve the problems associated with tissue damage.
 Tissue engineering provide more definite solutions to tissue repair in the clinics by the
development of invitro devices that would repair invivo of damage tissue.
 Also needs to engineered tissue which allows us study human physiology invitro.
Q#03 (a) Is it possible to build the jaw bone using Micro/ Nano technology? Apply particular
techniques that work in current situation.
ANSWER:
Q#03 (b) Are these techniques universal? Choose one tissue or organ of your choice and
identify how the process has been changed from the development of jaw bone.
ANSWER:
Q#04 (a) Is it normal that body rejects the implant? Identify the reasons with immune
response to Tissue Engineering devices.
ANSWER:

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Yes it is normal that the body rejects the implant because the biomaterials which we are using
for implantation in the body that is not biocompatible with the body will definetly rejects the
implant.
Q#04 (b) Identify the regeneration of the customized implant that Biomedical Engineers
should use for its development.
ANSWER: