A picornavirus is a virus belonging to the family Picornaviridae, a family of viruses in the order Picornavirales. Vertebrates, including humans, serve as natural hosts. Picornaviruses are nonenveloped viruses that represent a large family of small, cytoplasmic, plus-strand RNA viruses with a 30-nm icosahedral capsid.
Now a days.All the World is facing a serious problem..Dengue
so i make a presentation on dengue to prevent and aware from dengue...and if you have dengue faver then which types of treatment you use for your Health.
Adenoviridae is a group of medium sized, non-enveloped, double stranded DNA viruses that replicate and produce disease in the eye and in the respiratory, gastrointestinal and urinary tracts;
A picornavirus is a virus belonging to the family Picornaviridae, a family of viruses in the order Picornavirales. Vertebrates, including humans, serve as natural hosts. Picornaviruses are nonenveloped viruses that represent a large family of small, cytoplasmic, plus-strand RNA viruses with a 30-nm icosahedral capsid.
Now a days.All the World is facing a serious problem..Dengue
so i make a presentation on dengue to prevent and aware from dengue...and if you have dengue faver then which types of treatment you use for your Health.
Adenoviridae is a group of medium sized, non-enveloped, double stranded DNA viruses that replicate and produce disease in the eye and in the respiratory, gastrointestinal and urinary tracts;
Adenoviruses (members of the family Adenoviridae) are medium-sized (90–100 nm), nonenveloped (without an outer lipid bilayer) viruses with an icosahedral nucleocapsid containing a double-stranded DNA genome. Their name derives from their initial isolation from human adenoids in 1953.
The presentation includes disease, treatment and management.
General Characters and Classification of Viruses. Includes ICTV classification and Baltimore classification of viruses. A brief explanation of the Viral structure and Lifecycle.
MedicYatra provides the safe & best DENGUE Fever treatment and procedure at its affiliate & trusted hospitals & clinics in various metro cities of India, like Mumbai, Delhi, Bangalore, Chennai, Pune etc.Our Associate Board certified doctors are extensively trained and vastly experienced and have performed hundreds of such cases at our state of the art JCI accredited hospitals & Clinics. Our aim is to provide you the best of the services at the most affordable costs. Don't forget to say hi at info@medicyatra.com
Recent outbreak of diseases related to humans.MedhaPathak2
Recently we have faced many outbreak of human diseases throughout the world, one of them being COVID-19. This presentation gives a detailed information about these outbreaks. Main focus is on COVID-19 as it is the prevailing outbreak.
Adenoviruses (members of the family Adenoviridae) are medium-sized (90–100 nm), nonenveloped (without an outer lipid bilayer) viruses with an icosahedral nucleocapsid containing a double-stranded DNA genome. Their name derives from their initial isolation from human adenoids in 1953.
The presentation includes disease, treatment and management.
General Characters and Classification of Viruses. Includes ICTV classification and Baltimore classification of viruses. A brief explanation of the Viral structure and Lifecycle.
MedicYatra provides the safe & best DENGUE Fever treatment and procedure at its affiliate & trusted hospitals & clinics in various metro cities of India, like Mumbai, Delhi, Bangalore, Chennai, Pune etc.Our Associate Board certified doctors are extensively trained and vastly experienced and have performed hundreds of such cases at our state of the art JCI accredited hospitals & Clinics. Our aim is to provide you the best of the services at the most affordable costs. Don't forget to say hi at info@medicyatra.com
Recent outbreak of diseases related to humans.MedhaPathak2
Recently we have faced many outbreak of human diseases throughout the world, one of them being COVID-19. This presentation gives a detailed information about these outbreaks. Main focus is on COVID-19 as it is the prevailing outbreak.
Viral classification and Types of Replication in virus Rakshith K, DVM
Precise presentation on Viral classification and Types of replication in Virus.
Entry of virus
Spread of virus
General steps in a virus replication cycle
Attachment, Penetration, Uncoating, Multiplication
Multiplication of Single-Stranded RNA (ss RNA) Viruses
Multiplication of Double-Stranded RNA (ds RNA) Viruses
Multiplication of Single-Stranded DNA (ss DNA) Viruses
Multiplication of Double-Stranded DNA (ds DNA) Viruses
Release of new virions
Common viral diseases of Bovines
This Power Point presentation deals with the Dengue virus its cause and mechanism. How the virus infects the host and how the host immune cells kill the virus. vaccines against this virus and the recent advances related to these virus.
OHH Unit 3 Biological and ergonomical hazards 1.pptABHINANDHKA1
Biological and ergonomical hazards in an occupation. ergonomics means rules of work. In this work is fit to the worker instead of fitting the worker to a job.
Biological agents are bacteria, Fungi, Prions and Virus etc. By implementing the hierarchy of control measures, it can be mitigated upto an optimal limit,
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
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Acute scrotum is a general term referring to an emergency condition affecting the contents or the wall of the scrotum.
There are a number of conditions that present acutely, predominantly with pain and/or swelling
A careful and detailed history and examination, and in some cases, investigations allow differentiation between these diagnoses. A prompt diagnosis is essential as the patient may require urgent surgical intervention
Testicular torsion refers to twisting of the spermatic cord, causing ischaemia of the testicle.
Testicular torsion results from inadequate fixation of the testis to the tunica vaginalis producing ischemia from reduced arterial inflow and venous outflow obstruction.
The prevalence of testicular torsion in adult patients hospitalized with acute scrotal pain is approximately 25 to 50 percent
NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control programSapna Thakur
NVBDCP was launched in 2003-2004 . Vector-Borne Disease: Disease that results from an infection transmitted to humans and other animals by blood-feeding arthropods, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. Examples of vector-borne diseases include Dengue fever, West Nile Virus, Lyme disease, and malaria.
3. DENGUE VIRUS:
• Virus is spread by mosquito of genus, Aedes.
• Most important vector of dengue virus is, Aedes
aegypti.
• Aedes is found in tropical and sub-tropical regions
of world.
• The mosquito is small dark colored with typical
white marking on body.
3
4. Structure
Roughly spherical Diameter: 50nm
Viral genome is surrounded by capsid (C)
protein
Capsid is surrounded by viral envelope
Embedded in viral envelope are 180
copies of the E & M proteins by a short
transmembrane segment that span
through the lipid bilayer
4
6. HISTORY
• First probable record found in Chinese medical encyclopedia-
“water poison by a flying insect”
• First endemic occurred simultaneously in Asia and Africa.
• First confirmed case was reported in 1789.
• The virus was first isolated in 1943 by Kimura and Hotta.
• The virus gets its name from DINGA word of Spanish origin.
• The word is derived from a phrase of Swahili language meaning :
“Cramp seizure by an evil spirit”
6
11. Genome
Single stranded +sense RNA
It can directly translated into proteins
Consists of 10,700 (~11kb) nucleotides and encodes 3,411 amino acids long
precursor polyprotein
The genome is a single long open reading frame (ORF), flanked by 5’
and 3' untranslated regions (UTRs)
Out of these proteins 3 are structural and 7 are non-structural proteins
Polyprotein is processed co- and post-translationally, by cellular and viral proteases,
to produce 10 mature viral proteins
11
13. 1 C (Capsid) protein: Viral RNA packaging
2 prM: Precursor for M (membrane) protein
3 E protein: Envelope glycoprotein, The job of the
envelope protein is to attach to a cell surface
and begin the process of infection (receptor
binding and fusion)
Structural proteins
13
14. Non-structural
proteins
Non structural
proteins
Function
• Require for anchoring of viral
replication complex
• Cofactor for NS3 serine protease
• Serine protease/helicase/NTPase
• Inhibition of interferon signal
transduction
• RNA dependent RNA polymerase
(RdRp); methyl transferase
• NS1
• NS2B
• NS3
• NS4B
• NS5
14
17. Transmission
In rare events, dengue can be transmitted
Organ transplantations
Blood transfusions from infected donors
An infected pregnant mother can transmit the
dengue virus to her fetus
Non Vector Transmission
17
18. Life cycle of dengue virus
Presented By: RUMAISA ASIF
19. Virus Attachment
• DENV replicate in a variety of cells( liver, spleen, lymph node, kidney and other
organs)
• Doesnot use specific receptors but binds to diverse molecules
16Alen, M.M. and Schols, D., 2012. Dengue virus entry as target for antiviral therapy. Journal of tropical medicine, 2012.
20. Entry
• Clatherine mediated endocytosis
• Endosome formed
Fusion
• Low pH in the endosome
• Envelope glycoproteins form a trimeric knob like str
• Domain II of E protein project outwardly
• Hydrophobic fusion loop in domain II
• inserted into endosomal membrane
Uncoating
17
21. Translation of viral genome
• Host ribosomal machinery utilized
• Single polypeptide formed
• Cleavage of polypeptide
• Viral proteins synthesized
21
22. Replication
• Replication complex formed
• Cyclization of the genome occurs
• -RNA strand synthesized first
• +RNA strand synthesized from - strand
RC
Viral proteins
Viral genome
Host cell factors
22
23. Assembly and packaging
• At ER membrane
• Neucleocapsid enveloped by ER membrane
• Immature virion is formed
24. Maturation and Release
• In trans Golgi apparatus(TGA)
• prM cap the fusion peptide(at domain II)
• prM cleaved into M protein and pr-peptide by furin
• Pr-peptide disassociated upon virus release via exocytosis
24
29. The DENV are closely related, antigenically
distinct
increases the risk of severe dengue
high potential for mutation
DENV strains vary in their ability to infect
different cell types or cause severe disease
RISK FACTORS INCLUDE both host and viral
factors
Specific virus serotypes and genotypes
replicate more readily in specific population
groups
Serotypes and
viral virulence
DENV1 DENV2 DENV3 DENV4
29
31. Infection with
a single virus
is followed by
up to three
outcomes:
durable
protection
against
infection
with a strain
of the same
DENV,
brief
protection
against
infection or
disease with a
different
dengue
serotype
infection with
a different
dengue
serotype that
may result in
severe
disease
31
32. proliferation of cross-reacting
memory-cells induced by the primary-
infection
lower-affinity of binding with the
infected-macrophages, not being as
effective in clearing secondary-
infections
boosting the immune-pathology and
damage to cells
32
33. Antibody-
dependent
enhancement
Minor antigenic-differences between the
serotypes, ineffective neutralization.
Antibodies bind heterologous DENV via
Fcγ receptor expressed on target cells
High viremia.
High amount of cytokines being released.
Induce capillary endothelial pathology
and vascular leakage, leading dengue
shock syndrome.
33
35. Autoimmunity
• Antibodies produced during a DENV cross-react with some
self-antigen.
• NS1 is the only NS protein that can be released into the
bloodstream.
• The hypothesis is that anti-DV NS1 is involved in the
pathogenesis of DHF/DSS
• Antibodies recognizing a linear epitope in the E protein to
bind human plasminogen and inhibit plasmin activity.
35
40. VACCINATION
• Dengavaxia
• First licensed in Mexico Dec 2015
• Administered as a 3 dose series
• 9-45 years
• Now licensed in 20 countries
• Only given to people with confirmed prior dengue virus infection
• Other vaccines under trial
DENVax (phase II trials)
TDENV PIV
V-180 ( phase I stage)
40
42. 42
References
1. WHO. Dengue and severe dengue; 2017.
2. Bains S. Severe dengue infection. Medscape; 2017.
3. WHO. Dengue control; 2018.
4. CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY REVIEWS, Oct. 2009, p. 564–581
5. Hidari, K.I. and Suzuki, T., 2011. Dengue virus receptor. Tropical medicine and
health, 39(4SUPPLEMENT), pp.S37-S43.
6. Hung, S.L., Lee, P.L., Chen, H.W., Chen, L.K., Kao, C.L. and King, C.C., 1999. Analysis of
the steps involved in dengue virus entry into host cells. Virology, 257(1), pp.156-167.
7. International Journal of Medical Sciences 14: 1342 image No. 003
8. Clyde, K., Kyle, J.L. and Harris, E., 2006. Recent advances in deciphering viral and host
determinants of dengue virus replication and pathogenesis. Journal of virology, 80(23),
pp.11418-11431.
9. Cruz-Oliveira, C., Freire, J.M., Conceição, T.M., Higa, L.M., Castanho, M.A. and Da Poian,
A.T., 2015. Receptors and routes of dengue virus entry into the host cells. FEMS
microbiology reviews, 39(2), pp.155-170.
