biosafety and risk

1. AGENTS SUMMARY
 VANEEZA ARSHAD
 IQRA HOORIAN
 KASHAF
 MEERAB DIN
 NOOR UL HUDA

2. CONTRIBUTIONS
presenters
•Vaneeza Arshad
•Kashaf
•Iqra hoorain
Data collectors
•Meerab Din
•Noor ul huda
slides
•Iqra hoorian
•Noor ul huda
• SALMONELLA ---------------------- BACTERIA
• HEPATITIS --------------------------- VIRUS
• COCCIDIOIDES IMMITUS --------------FUNGI
Presentation topic

3. HEPATITIS
• INTRODUCTION
INFLAMMATION OF THE LIVER
CAN BE SELF LIMITING OR CAN LEAD
TO FIBROSIS, CIRRHOSIS OR LIVER
CANCER.
HEPATITIS VIRUS ARE THE MOST
COMMON CAUSE OF HEPATITIS.
• TYPES
HAV
HBV
HCV
HDV
HEV

4. HAV+HEV
 Positive single stranded RNA.
 HEV is a floating virus, not assigned to any family
Occupational infection
 Hepatitis A is a documented hazard in animal handlers.
 Hepatitis E appears to be less of a risk to personnel than hepatitis A.

5. Natural Modes of Infection
 Most infections with hepatitis A are foodborne and occasionally water-borne.
 The virus is present in feces during the prodromal phase of the disease and usually disappears
once jaundice occurs.
 Hepatitis E virus causes acute enterically transmitted cases of hepatitis, mostly waterborne. In
Asia, epidemics involving thousands of cases have occurred.

6. LABORATORY SAFETY AND CONTAINMENT
 Feces, stool suspensions, and other contaminated materials
are the primary hazards to laboratory personnel.
 Care should be taken to avoid puncture wounds when
handling contaminated blood from humans or nonhuman
primates.
 There is no evidence that aerosol exposure results in
infection.
 BSL-2 practices, containment equipment, and facilities are
recommended for the manipulation of hepatitis A and E virus
 ABSL-2 practices and facilities are recommended for
activities using naturally or experimentally
 RISK GROUP 2

7. FIRST AID
DISINFECTANT AND
PREVENTION
 Highly contagious
 Surfaces that are frequently
touched should be cleaned and
sanitized often by chlorine bleach
 Toilet Room Surfaces
 Kitchen Surface
 Doorknobs
 Recreation Equipment
 Light Switch Plate
 Phones
 Computer Keyboards
 Railings
 High Chairs
 Tables and Chairs
 Wheelchairs and Walkers
 Remote Controls

8. CLEANING OF SPILLS AND PROTECTIVE
METHODS
• Use personal protective equipment (PPE) such as gloves, masks and gowns.
• Block-off area immediately.
• Clean up visible debris using disposable absorbent material (paper towels or other type of disposable cloths)
and minimize aerosols.
• Disinfect area and objects surrounding the contamination with an appropriate disinfectant
• Always wash your hands after handling any contaminated material, trash or waste.
• Dispose off the waste in an appropriate way
TREATMENT

9. SPECIAL ISSUES
• STORAGE
IN LEAK PROOF CONTAINER
• VACCINES
AVAILABLE FOR HAV BUT NOT FOR HEV
• TRANSFER OF AGENT
CDC, USDA IMPORTATION PERMITS ARE REQUIRED
A DOC PERMIT MAY ALSO BE REQUIRED FOR THE EXPORT.
• HANDLING
USE CHEMICALS IN WELL-VENTILATED AREAS.
AVOID CONTACT BETWEEN INCOMPATIBLE CHEMICALS.
PREVENT CHEMICAL CONTACT WITH FOOD DURING CLEANING.

10. HBV+HCV
 Hepatitis B virus (HBV), Orthohepadnavirus genus in the family Hepadnaviridae.
 Hepatitis C virus (HCV), Hepacivirus genus in the family Flaviviridae.
 Hepatitis D virus (HDV), genus Deltavirus.
Modes of infection
• Acquired from a carrier during blood transfusion, vaccination, tattooing, or body piercing with
inadequately sterilized instruments.
• Non-parenteral routes, such as domestic contact and unprotected (heterosexual and homosexual)
intercourse, are also major modes of transmission.
Risks
 Individuals who are infected with the HBV are at risk of infection with HDV, a defective RNA virus
that requires the presence of HBV virus for replication. Infection with HDV usually exacerbates the
symptoms caused by HBV infection.

11. Occupational Infections
• Hepatitis B, a high-risk group
• HCV, spread predominantly by the parenteral route.
Lab hazard
• HBV may be present in blood and blood products
of human origin, in urine, semen, CSF and
saliva.
• Parenteral inoculation, are the primary laboratory
hazards.
• The virus may be stable in dried blood for several
days.
• HCV primarily in blood and serum, less
frequently in saliva and rarely in urine or semen.

12. Storage
• It appears to be relatively unstable to storage at room temperature and repeated freezing and thawing.
Lab safety and containment
• BSL-2 practices, containment equipment, and facilities are recommended .
• BSL-3, for activities with aerosol production.
• ABSL-2 practices
Protective measures
• Gloves should be worn
• Persons working with HBV, HCV, or other bloodborne pathogens should consult the OSHA

13. Spills and disposal method
Same as above
Vaccine
Recombinant vaccines against hepatitis B are available and are highly
recommended
Vaccines against hepatitis C and D are not yet available

14. COCCIDIODES IMMITIS
INTRODUCTION
ENDEMIC
DIMORPHIC FUNGAL PATHOGENS
OCCUPATIONAL INFECTION
DOCUMENTED HAZARD
OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE
RISK FROM EXPOSURE TO AEROSOLS IS VERY LOW.
 ACCIDENTAL PERCUTANEOUS INOCULATION RESULTED IN LOCAL GRANULOMA
FORMATION.

15. • .
Natural modes of
infection
 Single spore
 larger multicellular spherules (upto
70 micron with no infection)
 Infections is subclinical, results in life-
long protection from exposures

16. Pathogenicity and
symptoms
 Incubation period one to three weeks
 Manifests as a community-acquired
pneumonia
 Along with immunologically mediated
fatigue, skin rashes and joint pain.
 synonyms for coccidioidomycosis is
desert rheumatism.
 Hematogenous dissemination from the
lungs to other organs
Disseminated infection is likely in persons
with cellular immunodeficiencies

17. LABORATORY SAFETY AND CONTAINMENT
 Arthroconidia are conducive to ready
 Larger size of the spherule less effective
 Spherules presence
 Arthroconidia presence
Hazards
 Inhalation of arthroconidia
Sources and specimen
 BSL-2 practices, containment equipment, and facilities are recommended
 BSL-3 practices, containment equipment, and facilities are recommended

18. Protective measures
• Wash hands after handling biological materials, removing gloves, or
before leaving work area.
• Never mouth pipette.
• Conduct procedures likely to create splashes, sprays, or aerosols
within a biological safety cabinet that is certified annually.
• Wear a BUTTONED lab coat to protect street clothes.
• Wear gloves when hands may contact potentially infectious
materials, contaminated surfaces, or equipment.
• Be familiar with written instructions for laboratory procedures and
proper responses to emergencies.
• Decontaminate work surfaces at least daily.
Disposal
• Decontaminate waste materials before disposal.
Spill
• Report spills, exposures, illnesses, and injuries immediately.

19. First aid/ treatment
Anticoccidial Chemicals leading to the death of
coccidia.
Phytoextract/Plant Extract.
Phytocompound/Phytochemicals
Disinfection
They tested the ability of 10% bleach, 70%
ethanol, and Vesphene to inactivate 107
arthroconidia in an aqueous suspension within
1, 2, 5, 10, or 20 minutes of contact time
Storage
In sealed container with appropriate label
Vaccine
Multiple production but mostly failed

20. RISK GROUP CLASSIFICATION
 2/3
SELECT AGENT
 REQUIRING REGISTRATION WITH CDC AND/OR USDA FOR POSSESSION, USE, STORAGE
AND/OR TRANSFER
TRANSFER OF AGENT
 DOMESTIC TRANSPORT OF THIS AGENT MAY REQUIRE A PERMIT FROM USDA/APHIS/VS.
 TRANSPORT MATERIALS OUTSIDE OF THE LABORATORY USING SECONDARY
CONTAINMENT AND A CART. AVOID PUBLIC AREAS DURING TRANSPORT.
 TRANSFER MATERIALS TO AND FROM THE VANDERBILT CAMPUS ACCORDING TO
FEDERAL AND INTERNATIONAL REGULATIONS.

21. SALMONELLA
• INTRODUCTION
• SALMONELLAE ARE GRAM-NEGATIVE
ENTERIC BACTERIA ASSOCIATED WITH
DIARRHEAL ILLNESS IN HUMANS.
• THEY ARE MOTILE OXIDASE-NEGATIVE
ORGANISMS THAT ARE EASILY CULTIVATED
ON STANDARD BACTERIOLOGIC MEDIA,
ALTHOUGH ENRICHMENT AND SELECTIVE
MEDIA MAY BE REQUIRED FOR ISOLATION.
• SPECIES
SALMONELLA ENTERICA
SALMONELLA BONGORI

22. OCCUPATIONAL INFECTIONS
SALMONELLOSIS IS A DOCUMENTED
HAZARD TO LABORATORY
PERSONNEL.
PRIMARY RESERVOIR HOSTS
SYMPTOMS

23. Natural mode of infection
• transferred to humans through raw or undercooked infected food including meat and eggs.
• In poultry from bird to bird, most commonly through their droppings.
• it causes typhi fever and is common is countries where hygiene is poor and water can be
contaminated with sewage.
LABORATORY SAFETY AND CONTAINMENTS
• Ingestion or parental inoculation are primary lab hazards
• Naturally or experimentally infected animals are a potential source of
infection for laboratory
• BSL 2

24. PROTECTIVE MEASURE
• CARE IN MANIPULATING FAUCET HANDLES TO PREVENT CONTAMINATION OF
CLEANED HANDS OR THE USE OF SINKS EQUIPPED WITH REMOTE WATER
CONTROL DEVICES, SUCH AS FOOT PEDALS, IS HIGHLY RECOMMENDED.

25. Risk group
2
Treatment
• Anti-diarrhels. Medications such as loperamide (Imodium A-D)
• Antibiotics.
Disinfectant
• Clorox Disinfecting Spray
• Lysol Disinfecting Spray
• Dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride
• Safeway Orange Spray etc
Disposal
• Biohazard bin

26. SPECIAL ISSUES
• VACCINES
• SELECT AGENT
• TRANSFER OF AGENT
• IMPORTATION OF THIS
AGENT MAY REQUIRE
CDC AND/OR USDA
IMPORTATION PERMITS.