This document provides a training report on the construction of a viaduct, roof portal, and finishing work for an automatic walkway/travelators project in Delhi, India. It discusses the project methodology, including surveying, geological investigation, tendering process, utility identification and diversion, materials used (concrete, reinforcement, machinery), and construction of foundations including shallow foundations, pile foundations, and pile caps. The document also includes photos of the viaduct construction.
Delhi metro Internship report on Elevated metro rail corridor This report will help all the Civil engineering students to make their report in their respective construction field.
For more details Contact me- bhargavashubham17@gmail.com
+918982669302
Construction sequence for metro Project (Elevated and Underground) and Time c...Akhilesh Shukla
Construction sequence for metro Project (Elevated and Underground) and Time cycle of the metro construction activity . For more details u can contact me on my mail id -shuklaakhilesh08@gmail.com
Delhi metro Internship report on Elevated metro rail corridor This report will help all the Civil engineering students to make their report in their respective construction field.
For more details Contact me- bhargavashubham17@gmail.com
+918982669302
Construction sequence for metro Project (Elevated and Underground) and Time c...Akhilesh Shukla
Construction sequence for metro Project (Elevated and Underground) and Time cycle of the metro construction activity . For more details u can contact me on my mail id -shuklaakhilesh08@gmail.com
Prefabricated Structure and its installation processUdayram Patil
Construction industry is growing day by day, whereas free space for material is reducing dayby day. Prefabricated structure provide a way through. Prefabrication is method in which structural members are built at industry and then transferred to site.
Prefabrication is the practice of assembling components of a structure in a factory or other manufacturing site, and transporting them to the construction site where the structure is to be located.
Larsen and Toubro (Lucknow Metro Project) Summer Internship PresentationShuBham RaNa
Hello Friends Myself SHUBHAM RANA . I am pursuing B.Tech in Civil Engineering from IIT ROORKEE. This is the glimpse of my work and basic aspects which I learned while doing my Internship in Larsen and Toubro Heavy Civil Infra IC. Thank You :)
Model Building Bye Laws,
Pre-requisite,
Terminology,
necessity of Bye-laws,
objects of Bye-laws,
importance of bye-laws,
applicability of bye-laws, functions of local authority,
effective implementation,
set-back, FSI
Light plane,
Building line,
margins in plot area,
front-side and rear margins,
Built-up area,
Carpet area,
super built-up,
bye-laws -basement,
bye-laws- mezzanine floor,
RERA,
Maharashtra regional town planning act (1966)Pratham Pincha
Study of Maharashtra Regional Town Planning Act 1966 as a part of Urban Development Planning Studio 2014, Masters in Planning, CEPT University, Ahmedabad
Prefabricated Structure and its installation processUdayram Patil
Construction industry is growing day by day, whereas free space for material is reducing dayby day. Prefabricated structure provide a way through. Prefabrication is method in which structural members are built at industry and then transferred to site.
Prefabrication is the practice of assembling components of a structure in a factory or other manufacturing site, and transporting them to the construction site where the structure is to be located.
Larsen and Toubro (Lucknow Metro Project) Summer Internship PresentationShuBham RaNa
Hello Friends Myself SHUBHAM RANA . I am pursuing B.Tech in Civil Engineering from IIT ROORKEE. This is the glimpse of my work and basic aspects which I learned while doing my Internship in Larsen and Toubro Heavy Civil Infra IC. Thank You :)
Model Building Bye Laws,
Pre-requisite,
Terminology,
necessity of Bye-laws,
objects of Bye-laws,
importance of bye-laws,
applicability of bye-laws, functions of local authority,
effective implementation,
set-back, FSI
Light plane,
Building line,
margins in plot area,
front-side and rear margins,
Built-up area,
Carpet area,
super built-up,
bye-laws -basement,
bye-laws- mezzanine floor,
RERA,
Maharashtra regional town planning act (1966)Pratham Pincha
Study of Maharashtra Regional Town Planning Act 1966 as a part of Urban Development Planning Studio 2014, Masters in Planning, CEPT University, Ahmedabad
DMRC Summer internship report for civil engineering students.
Project- DMRC phase 3 (CC-34 & CC-32) Design and construction of tunnel and underground metro station
The main outcome of this project is the construction sequence of HMR which primarily starts with excavation, erection of piers, launching girder process and assembling of segments. This project clearly gives a brief knowledge on how the post tensioning and pre stressing works are held at off site and onsite. This project enlightens about the safety requirements and measures taken during the pre-casting works and at on site works.
To get exposure of the process Mivan technology and the Raft Foundation
To learn about basic technical skills required during construction
To improve soft skills like communication and teamwork at the workplace.
Summary of internship
NO1 Uk best vashikaran specialist in delhi vashikaran baba near me online vas...Amil Baba Dawood bangali
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HEAP SORT ILLUSTRATED WITH HEAPIFY, BUILD HEAP FOR DYNAMIC ARRAYS.
Heap sort is a comparison-based sorting technique based on Binary Heap data structure. It is similar to the selection sort where we first find the minimum element and place the minimum element at the beginning. Repeat the same process for the remaining elements.
6th International Conference on Machine Learning & Applications (CMLA 2024)ClaraZara1
6th International Conference on Machine Learning & Applications (CMLA 2024) will provide an excellent international forum for sharing knowledge and results in theory, methodology and applications of on Machine Learning & Applications.
NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER IN CONDENSING HEAT EXCHANGERS...ssuser7dcef0
Power plants release a large amount of water vapor into the
atmosphere through the stack. The flue gas can be a potential
source for obtaining much needed cooling water for a power
plant. If a power plant could recover and reuse a portion of this
moisture, it could reduce its total cooling water intake
requirement. One of the most practical way to recover water
from flue gas is to use a condensing heat exchanger. The power
plant could also recover latent heat due to condensation as well
as sensible heat due to lowering the flue gas exit temperature.
Additionally, harmful acids released from the stack can be
reduced in a condensing heat exchanger by acid condensation. reduced in a condensing heat exchanger by acid condensation.
Condensation of vapors in flue gas is a complicated
phenomenon since heat and mass transfer of water vapor and
various acids simultaneously occur in the presence of noncondensable
gases such as nitrogen and oxygen. Design of a
condenser depends on the knowledge and understanding of the
heat and mass transfer processes. A computer program for
numerical simulations of water (H2O) and sulfuric acid (H2SO4)
condensation in a flue gas condensing heat exchanger was
developed using MATLAB. Governing equations based on
mass and energy balances for the system were derived to
predict variables such as flue gas exit temperature, cooling
water outlet temperature, mole fraction and condensation rates
of water and sulfuric acid vapors. The equations were solved
using an iterative solution technique with calculations of heat
and mass transfer coefficients and physical properties.
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
An Approach to Detecting Writing Styles Based on Clustering Techniquesambekarshweta25
An Approach to Detecting Writing Styles Based on Clustering Techniques
Authors:
-Devkinandan Jagtap
-Shweta Ambekar
-Harshit Singh
-Nakul Sharma (Assistant Professor)
Institution:
VIIT Pune, India
Abstract:
This paper proposes a system to differentiate between human-generated and AI-generated texts using stylometric analysis. The system analyzes text files and classifies writing styles by employing various clustering algorithms, such as k-means, k-means++, hierarchical, and DBSCAN. The effectiveness of these algorithms is measured using silhouette scores. The system successfully identifies distinct writing styles within documents, demonstrating its potential for plagiarism detection.
Introduction:
Stylometry, the study of linguistic and structural features in texts, is used for tasks like plagiarism detection, genre separation, and author verification. This paper leverages stylometric analysis to identify different writing styles and improve plagiarism detection methods.
Methodology:
The system includes data collection, preprocessing, feature extraction, dimensional reduction, machine learning models for clustering, and performance comparison using silhouette scores. Feature extraction focuses on lexical features, vocabulary richness, and readability scores. The study uses a small dataset of texts from various authors and employs algorithms like k-means, k-means++, hierarchical clustering, and DBSCAN for clustering.
Results:
Experiments show that the system effectively identifies writing styles, with silhouette scores indicating reasonable to strong clustering when k=2. As the number of clusters increases, the silhouette scores decrease, indicating a drop in accuracy. K-means and k-means++ perform similarly, while hierarchical clustering is less optimized.
Conclusion and Future Work:
The system works well for distinguishing writing styles with two clusters but becomes less accurate as the number of clusters increases. Future research could focus on adding more parameters and optimizing the methodology to improve accuracy with higher cluster values. This system can enhance existing plagiarism detection tools, especially in academic settings.
Online aptitude test management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
The purpose of on-line aptitude test system is to take online test in an efficient manner and no time wasting for checking the paper. The main objective of on-line aptitude test system is to efficiently evaluate the candidate thoroughly through a fully automated system that not only saves lot of time but also gives fast results. For students they give papers according to their convenience and time and there is no need of using extra thing like paper, pen etc. This can be used in educational institutions as well as in corporate world. Can be used anywhere any time as it is a web based application (user Location doesn’t matter). No restriction that examiner has to be present when the candidate takes the test.
Every time when lecturers/professors need to conduct examinations they have to sit down think about the questions and then create a whole new set of questions for each and every exam. In some cases the professor may want to give an open book online exam that is the student can take the exam any time anywhere, but the student might have to answer the questions in a limited time period. The professor may want to change the sequence of questions for every student. The problem that a student has is whenever a date for the exam is declared the student has to take it and there is no way he can take it at some other time. This project will create an interface for the examiner to create and store questions in a repository. It will also create an interface for the student to take examinations at his convenience and the questions and/or exams may be timed. Thereby creating an application which can be used by examiners and examinee’s simultaneously.
Examination System is very useful for Teachers/Professors. As in the teaching profession, you are responsible for writing question papers. In the conventional method, you write the question paper on paper, keep question papers separate from answers and all this information you have to keep in a locker to avoid unauthorized access. Using the Examination System you can create a question paper and everything will be written to a single exam file in encrypted format. You can set the General and Administrator password to avoid unauthorized access to your question paper. Every time you start the examination, the program shuffles all the questions and selects them randomly from the database, which reduces the chances of memorizing the questions.
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF A CAR SHOWROOM USING E TABS
Delhi metro presention
1. A TRAINING REPORT
ON
Construction of viaduct, roof portal and finishing work for
automatic walkway/ travelators at Dhaula Kuan and Rajouri
Garden interchange Stations of line -7 of Phase-III Delhi
MRTS
Presented by :
D.K Singh
Delhi Metro Rail Corporation
Training Period
June-2018
1
3. TABLE OF CONTENTS
Acknowledgement 2
Certificate 3
Table of contents 4
1. Introduction
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Projects
1.2.1 Completed projects
1.2.2 Ongoing projects
1.3 About CC-95
2. Methodology
2.1 Surveying works
2.2 Geological investigation
2.3 Tender
2.4 Utility identification and diversion
2.5 Materials and machines
2.5.1 Concrete
2.5.2 Reinforcement
2.5.3 Machines
2.6 Foundations
2.6.1 Shallow foundation
2.6.2 Pile foundation
2.6.3 Pile Cap
2.7 Pier & Pier Cap
2.8 Segments
2.9 Launching of segments
2.9.1 Launching Girder
2.9.2 Span erection
2.9.3 Prestressing
2.10 Finishing Works
3. Conclusion
4
4. INTRODUCTION
1.1 Introduction
For implementation and subsequent operation of Delhi MRTS (Mass Rapid
Transit System), a company under the name DELHI METRO RAIL
CORPORATION was registered on 03/05/95 under the Companies Act,
1956. DMRC has equal equity participation from GOI and GNCTD.
1.2 Projects
1.2.1 Present Network (Completed project)
Line 1 (Dilshad Garden – Rithala) – Red Line
Line 2 (HUDA City Centre – Samaypur Badli) – Yellow Line
Line 3 (Dwarka Sector 21 – Noida City Centre) – Blue Line
Line 4 (Yamuna Bank – Vaishali) – Blue Line
Line 5 (Inderlok – Mundka) – Green Line
Line 6 (Kashmere Gate – Escorts Mujesar) – Violet Line
Airport Metro Express Line
Line 7 (Majlis Park – Duragbhai Deshmukh South Campus Section) – Pink
Line
Line 8 (Botanical Garden – Janakpuri West) – Magenta Line
1.2.2 Ongoing Project (PHASE III PROJECTS)
Durgabhai Deshmukh South Campus – Shiv Vihar
Dwarka – Najafgarh
Mundka – Bahadurgarh
Dilshad Garden – Ghaziabad Bus Adda
Extension of Metro to Ballabhgarh
Extension of Metro from Noida 32 – Noida 62
5
5. 1.3 About CC-95
Project Title: Contract CC-95: Construction of viaduct, roof portal and
finishing work for automatic walkway/ travelators at Dhaula Kuan and
Rajouri Garden interchange Stations of line -7 of Phase-III Delhi MRTS.”
Client-DMRC
Contractor- M/s Metcon India Reality and Infrastructure Pvt. Ltd.
Awarded Project cost-₹55.07 Crore
Scope of Project-1.6km
6
6. On site pictures
Viaduct connecting DHAULA KUAN AIRPORT METRO STATION
with DURGABAI DESHMUKH SOUTH CAMPUS METRO STATION
7
7. METHODOLOGY
2.1 Surveying works
The alignment of the viaduct is decided by the top management by consulting
various factors and using different technologies like Total Station, DGPS Network
Survey, Chainage making,etc.
2.2 Geological Investigation
The site undergoes geological investigation before the tender is set out to
understand the ground conditions. Proper boring and testing of soil and stone
samples is done.
2.3 Tender
A tender is an agreement having lawful object entered into voluntarily by two or
more parties, each of whom intends to create one or more legal obligations
between them. The elements of a contract are “offer and “acceptance” by
“Competent persons” having legal capacity who exchanges “consideration” to
create “mutuality of obligation”.
Tender Documents consists of the following sections:
(i) Notice Inviting Tender(NIT)
It includes the key details that a bidder must know before buying the
tender document, for example total cost of work, cost of tender
document, schedule of tender process, etc. It is a formal invitation for all
the eligible bidders to buy the tender documents for the subject work in
case they qualify the minimum eligibility requirements. The requirements
are specified into Work Experience and Financial Standing.
(ii) Instruction To Tenderers(ITT)
These are the basic guidelines provided to the bidders which the bidders
are required to descriptively study before reading any further documents
as they deal briefly with the taxation policy of DMRC, documents
submitted by the bidder along with the technical proposal, amount of
EMD required, etc.
8
8. (iii) Technical Specifications
This volume deals with the technical requirements and specifications of
the work and descriptively specifies the codes, standards, processes,
listed suppliers, etc. corresponding to this work.
(iv) General Conditions of Contract(GCC)
This volume is the most important and guiding documents of any
contract agreement since it deals with all the issues that have been faced
in the past during the contracts or that are foreseen and also presents a
redressal plan for each of these. This volume of contract is common for
all the tenderer and cannot be changed without the permission of the
competent authority. It includes:
Definitions
Staff and Labor
Design
Quality control
Time management
Contract price and payment
Termination and foreclosure
Risk and responsibility, etc.
(v) Conditions of contract on Safety, Health and environmental
issues(SHE)
This volume deals with the Safety, Health and environmental rules setup
by DMRC to be followed at the site. SHE plan is time to time updated
with innovation.
2.4 Utility identification & diversion works
Prior to the commencement of construction work, site will be investigated for any
public utilities such as water pipelines, sewer lines, electrical and telecom cables,
etc. Such utilities’ routes are diverted after consulting with the respected
authorities. A set of procedures are used:
(i) Traffic is diverted with the help of the traffic police and according to the
prescribed plan
(ii) Public is notified of any shutdown of utilites
9
9. (iii) Barricading along the site
(iv) Use of neon, reflectors and caution signs if work is done during night,etc.
2.5 Materials and machines
A lot of materials are used at the construction site but the two most widely used are
concrete and steel.
2.5.1 Concrete
Concrete mix design is done for different structures as per the codes and standards
provided by agencies like MOST, CPWD, etc. Testing of both fresh and hardened
concrete is done as per standards.
For fresh concrete, slump cone test, V B consistometer, checking for bleeding and
segregation are performed. For hardened concrete, 60 cubes and cylinders are
designed and compressive strength tests are performed. The mix used for the
different structures are listed below as:
M35-Pile
M40-Pile cap
M40-Pier
10
10. M50-Girder (Simply supported)
2.5.2 Reinforcement
TMT Steel bars are used for reinforcement are used. The reinforcement used
should be clean of any debris and dust. Bar bending and cutting machines are made
available at the site itself to ease out the works.
Bars are stacked diameter wise and it is to be ensured that mismatching with other
rods is avoided. 10 mm, 12mm, 25mm, 28mm and 32mm rods are used for
reinforcement including chairs. 30 gage stirrups are used.
2.5.3 Machines
The machines that are generally used are:
(i) Rebar cutting machine
11
(ii) Rebar bending machine
12. (iv) Drilling machines
(v) Cranes
(vi) Trailers
2.6 Foundation
2.6.1 Shallow Foundation
In this type of foundation, the building load is transferred to the earth very near the
surface, rather than to the subsurface layer. These foundations are installed at
locations where the soil is not too much intense. Excavators, rock splitters,
compressor, vibrator, etc. are used.
2.6.2 Pile Foundation
Pile is a relatively small diameter shaft, which is either driven or installed into the
ground by suitable means usually driven in groups.
It is further classified into end-bearing and friction piles.
In CC-95, End bearing driven piles are used with the help of chemical like
bentonite and EPDM. Generally piles of 1m dia are used. Following are some of its
specifications:
Concrete-M35
13
13. Coarse aggregate size should not exceed 20mm
Slump-150 to 175mm for cast in-situ piles
Minimum cement content shouldn’t be less than 400kg/m3
The items of work are:
(i) Boring/drilling including provision of temporary casing
(ii) Supplying, fabrication and placement of all reinforcing bars
(iii) Casting of concrete piles as per specification.
(iv) Load testing of piles
Boring/excavation for pile
The equipment for pile installation is listed below as:
(i) Hydraulic rotary drilling rig
(ii) Batching plant of min. 30 cm3
/hr capacity
(iii) Transit mixers 4 to 6 cm3
capacity
(iv) Tippers for muck disposal
(v) Water tank
(vi) Bentonite tank
(vii) Tremmie pipes of minimum 200 mm dia and steel hopper/funnel for
concreting
(viii) Crane
(ix) Rebar cutting and bending machine
(x) Trailer/truck
14
14. (xi) Power generator of suitable capacity
The procedure of the pile installation is as follows:
(i) Formation of bore holes-before doing so any identified structure and
encroachments are removed
(ii) Control alignment-the verticality of the bore is checked and maintained
using plumb bob, spirit level and telescopic Kelly
(iii) Rotary drilling method-is used for boring with the rig aligned to the
impression
(iv) Final post bore cleaning-after measuring the depth of the bore using
sounding chain, the bore is cleaned with the muck being removed from it
(v) Method & testing of bentonite-bentonite is used which doesn’t allows
the bore to collapse. When it is used, flushing is done after lowering of
inserting reinforcement cage & tremmie before starting of concreting
with fresh bentonite slurry. However, the use of bentonite is reduced due
to environmental factors
(vi) Placement of reinforcement cage
(vii) Pile concreting-tremmie pipe method is used & continuous concreting is
done without interruption
(viii) Pile cut-off and extension-shoring is used
75 percent of the total piles shall be tested for dynamic integrity test and remaining
25 percent to be tested for sonic integrity test. These tests are performed as per the
codes and standards provided.
Footing bed being prepared for the pile
15
15. 2.6.3 Pile Cap
It is a thick concrete mat that rest on group of piles which have been driven into
soft or unstable ground to provide suitable stable foundation. M40 concrete is used
for pile cap under CC-95.
2.7 Pier & Pier Cap
Pier: A pier is a raised structure typically supported by well-spaced piles. In
DMRC, piers are generally used to carry span, track and train load. They may be
provided with circular, rectangle or semi-circle cross-section depending on their
position and load-bearing requirements.
In CC-95, piers are designed to carry span and the machine plus people load. They
are rectangular in shape with mainly two sizes i.e., 1500mm * 1200mm and
1500mm * 1500mm. M40 concrete is used for the pier.
Pier with shuttering
16
16. Pier Cap: The upper or bearing part of the pier, made up of reinforced concrete
designed to ensure uniform load distribution.
In CC-95, pier cap having trapezoidal cross section were used. The dimensions are
as follows:
Width-2000mm to 2200mm
Length-7400mm (cantilever), 4600mm (simply supported)
Height-1200mm centre, 1070mm, 980mm and 520mm (on both sides)
10mm, 12mm, 20mm, 32mm TMT steel rods are used for reinforcement.
40mm, 50mm, 75mm cover are used.
Pier and Pier cap installed
The equipments used are as follows:
(i) Total station
(ii) Batching plant of 30cm3
/hr or 60cm3
/hr
(iii) Transit mixer
(iv) Air compressor
17
17. (v) Chisel
(vi) Crane
(vii) Welding machine
(viii) Electric vibrator
(ix) Needle
(x) Concrete as per drawing
The procedure of pier is as follows:
(i) Preparation and approval of BBS
(ii) Cutting and bending of bars
(iii) Transportation of bars
(iv) Unloading of reinforcement
(v) Marking of pier co-ordinates on foundation top
(vi) Starter concrete
(vii) Rebar tying in stages according to approved drawing
(viii) Insertion of drainage pipe
(ix) Formwork in stages
The procedure for pier cap is as follows:
(i) Cleaning of formwork and oiling
(ii) Check the presence and positioning of any inserts bearing in pier head
prior to concreting
(iii) Tie the reinforcement as per BBS
18
18. (iv) Place and fix forms
(v) Placing of concrete
(vi) Use of vibrator for compaction of concrete
(vii) Strip the side formwork
(viii) Wrap hessian cloth, keep moist, or curing compound
Reinforcement cage for the pier cap
2.8 Segments
Segments are precast single units of reinforced concrete which are combined
together and prestressed to form span joining two piers. These are made in
different sizes and shape depending according to the load being imposed.
The segments are casted at a casting yard. After providing the segment with the
required prestressing and shuttering, they are transported to the site and made
ready for launching.
19
19. 2.9 Launching of segments
The segment is lifted with the help of the launching girder. The launching girder
holds and aligns the segments. The segments are then locked manually.
2.9.1 Launching girder
This is the biggest machine used at the site. It is used to lift and install the
segments. Its components are:
(i) Counter weight
(ii) Sliding wheel
(iii) Hangers
(iv) Hoist beam
(v) Steel frame
Launching girder has four supports on which it rests on viaduct:
(i) Front support
It comprises of a top beam, a pair of top vertical legs, a pair of telescopic
legs, a bottom beam and an anchor beam along with inserts. The load
from LG is transferred through top vertical legs to the telescopic legs
through pins. Telescopic legs bottom beam which is anchored to the pier
to the anchor beam. Hydraulic jacks are provided for vertical adjustments
of the legs. The front support is fixed at a distance of 2.5m from the rear
end of the LG.
(i) Middle support
It is seated on the pier head segment. During erection of the segments
most of the erection load is carried by the middle support. It consists of
knuckle bearing provided at the top of the support below which cradle
beams are provided.
Anchor bars provided at the cross beams are directly anchored with
segments. The holes provided in the segments for lifting itself will be
used for anchoring also. Jacks are provided below a pair of supporting
stool for vertical height adjustment.
(ii) Rear support
It is at par with that of the middle support. However due to less load
coming on the rear support, the number of side beams provided are lesser
than that of middle support. The rear support is placed on the completed
deck on running segment.
20
20. The rear support temporarily caries the load from LG when middle
support is shifted to the next span of LG hauling.
(iii) Rear trolley
It is located at the fixed distance of 4.4m from the rear end of the LG.
The Top beam is supported by inclined column members which in turn
are supported on a bottom beam which is connected to assembly, which
runs on the rail track already laid on the erected deck. Anchor bolts are
provided to anchors the trolley with the segment while erection. The hole
provided in the segment for lifting itself will be used for anchoring.
Assembling of Launching Girder
(i) Connect the long stroke push pull horizontal jacks to the front side of the
LG.
(ii) The front side of the launching arrangement shall be locked to the LG
using bolts & through the mono rails provided at the center at the bottom
flange.
(iii) The bolts in the rear side plate shall be removed and now open the jacks
to 1000mm stroke. The LG moves by 1000mm.
(iv) Fasten the bolts in the rear side plate and remove the bolts from the front
side plates. Bring back the jack in the original position.
(v) The stroke length of the horizontal jack can be reduced and the LG
movement shall be adjusted using the closely spaced bolts provided on
the rear side of the LG as the LG approaches the next pier.
2.9.2 Span erection
The segments casted in the casting yard are transported to the site with the help of
trucks/trailers. Then they are lifted and aligned with the help of LG.
Many precautions have to be taken while the lifting takes place. Auto launching
i.e., the movement of the front support of the LG to the pedestal of the next pillar is
done. It is a very tedious and time consuming process, as it only takes 6-7 hours to
move the front support to the next pier.
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21. 2.9.3 Prestressing
The segments are designed with prestressed concrete. Calibrated jacks, pumps,
tendons and grouting equipment are required. The procedure is as follows:
(i) Duct profiling in segments in casting yard- At the casting yard while
the segment is being casted, HDPE sheathing pipes are cut as per the
GFC drawings and are inserted in the segments with fixing of snchor
cones using suitable PVC or masking tapes. Rubber connectors are used
with the sheathing segments.
(ii) Segment erection-The segments are erected as per the detailed
specifications and orientation. Necessary care has to be taken so that the
glue doesn’t enter inside the ducts causing blockage.
(iii) Cable fabrication and Threading- Cable/thread of the correct size in
the correct number should be installed in the ducts. Before that the cables
should be checked of any coiling and should be made clean using cloth.
(iv) Stressing operation- The role of jacks comes here. Hanging arrangement
should be made for the jacks and only professional should be allowed to
handle the jacks. The jacks should be properly calibrated. The work
should be efficient following a particular procedure and calculations
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22. (v) Grouting operation-Grouting shall be carried out as early as possible
but preferably within 2 weeks of stressing a tendon. Grouting should be
done in a fixed manner and it should be ensured that any unwanted
substances are cut off using abrasive cutter and ducts should be free from
oil. Grouting should be done until the grout falls out from the other side
of the duct to ensure no blockage between the duct
All this work should be according to the guidelines specified and high amount of
precautions should be followed.
2.10 Finishing works
The finishing work includes waterproofing, cleaning, covering up the ground,
polishing and beautification. This also includes the safety of the viaduct designed
and done in the presence of both the contactor and engineer (DMRC) along with
the safety experts. Before opening the viaduct to the public, the contractor shall
clear the site from the site and if there is something that the contractor hadn’t done,
they should do it within the Defect liability period
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23. CONCLUSION
In my internship of one month, I got a lot of theoretical and practical knowledge. I
got to know the different procedures required for a civil project from paperwork to
finishing. I understood the roles of each and every person and the use of machines.
I also perceived that safety of individuals come first than anything else. Also, only
skilled professional should be allowed to handle machinery and construction site is
not a playground, each and every element is important. Through my internship
period, I was able to visualize the things that I read from the books and contracts
made available to me.
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Thanks for your Time which you spent on this report
*Jay Hind Jay Bharat*