The document discusses the history of the term "bug" originating from a defect found on the MARK II computer by Grace Hopper. It then provides details on defect tracking software, including definitions of software defects, types of defects, why defect tracking systems are necessary, components of a good system, standard classification methods, and examples of systems used by Sun and open source projects.

1. The coinage of popular term ‘Bug’ for Defects. Evidently the first instance of Defect found in computing history on MARK II by Lady Grace Hopper

2. Defect Tracking SoftwareWelcome

3. Defect Tracking SoftwareTowards Final Year Project Student Intern Project

4. Defect Tracking SoftwareRTM Nagpur University Final Year BE Project Department of Computer Engineering ,Yeshwantrao Chavan College of Engineering ,NagpurGuided By:Ms Chanda PanseSubmitted By:Amitabh MukherjeeDeepit ChaturvediAkshay SarafShiv Prakash

5. Defect Tracking SoftwareAgenda :Shiv Prakash Amitabh Mukherjee Akshay Saraf Deepit Chaturvedi

6. Defect Tracking SoftwareWhat is a Defect ?September 4, 2009DTS | Final Year Project | Dept. of CT,YCCEA software Defect is the common term used to describe an error, flaw, mistake, failure, or fault in a computer program or system that produces an incorrect or unexpected result, or causes it to behave in unintended ways.Most defects arise from mistakes and errors made by people in either a program's source code or its design, and a few are caused by compilers producing incorrect code.Defects can have a wide variety of effects, with varying levels of inconvenience to the user of the program. Some defects have only a subtle effect on the program's functionality, and may thus lie undetected for a long time. More serious defects may cause the program to crash or freeze leading to a denial of service. Others qualify as security defects and might for example enable a malicious user to bypass access controls in order to obtain unauthorized privileges.

7. Defect Tracking SoftwareWhat are the Types Of Defects ?September 4, 2009DTS | Final Year Project | Dept. of CT,YCCEConceptual error :Code is syntactically correct, but the programmer or designer intended it to do something else Maths DefectsDivision by zero

8. Arithmetic overflow or underflow

9. Loss of arithmetic precision due to rounding or numerically unstable algorithms Logic DefectsInfinite loops and infinite recursion Syntax DefectsUse of the wrong operator, such as performing assignment instead of equality test. In simple cases often warned by the compiler; in many languages, deliberately guarded against by language syntax (continued)Defect Tracking SoftwareWhat are the Types Of Defects ? September 4, 2009DTS | Final Year Project | Dept. of CT,YCCEResource defectsNull pointer dereference

10. Using an uninitialized variable

11. Off by one error, counting one too many or too few when looping

12. Access violations

13. Resource leaks, where a finite system resource such as memory or file handles are exhausted by repeated allocation without release.

14. Buffer overflow, in which a program tries to store data past the end of allocated storage. This may or may not lead to an access violation. These defects can form a security vulnerability.

15. Excessive recursion which though logically valid causes stack overflow (continued)

16. Defect Tracking SoftwareWhat are the Types Of Defects ?September 4, 2009DTS | Final Year Project | Dept. of CT,YCCECo-programming defectsDeadlock

17. Race condition

18. Concurrency errors in Critical sections, Mutual exclusions and other features of concurrent processing. Time-of-check-to-time-of-use (TOCTOU) is a form of unprotected critical section. Team working defectsUnpropagated updates; e.g. programmer changes "myAdd" but forgets to change "mySubtract", which uses the same algorithm. These errors are mitigated by the Don't Repeat Yourself philosophy.

19. Comments out of date or incorrect: many programmers assume the comments accurately describe the code

20. Differences between documentation and the actual productDefect Tracking SoftwareSome Unusual DefectsSeptember 4, 2009DTS | Final Year Project | Dept. of CT,YCCEHeisenbugs:Those bugs that manifest only under certain condition . These bugs normally escape the debugger of the developers .Bohrbug:A Bohr bug or bohrbug is a bug that manifests itself consistently under a well-defined (but possibly unknown) set of conditionsMandelbugA mandelbug is a computer bug whose causes are so complex that its behavior appears chaotic.SchroedinbugA schroedinbug is a bug that manifests only after someone reading source code or using the program in an unusual way notices that it never should have worked in the first place, at which point the program promptly stops working for everybody until fixed.Defect Tracking SoftwareWhat is a Defect Tracking System ?September 4, 2009DTS | Final Year Project | Dept. of CT,YCCEDefect tracking is the process of finding defects in a product (by inspection, testing, or recording feedback from customers), and making new versions of the product that fix the defects. Defect tracking is important in software engineering as complex software systems typically have tens or hundreds or thousands of defects: managing, evaluating and prioritizing these defects is a difficult task.Defect tracking systems are computer database systems that store defects and help people to manage them.A Defect tracking system is a software application that is designed to help quality assurance and programmers keep track of reported software defects in their work. It may be regarded as a sort of issue tracking system

21. Defect Tracking SoftwareWhy is it Necessary ?Software defects are expensive. Moreover, the cost of finding and correcting defects represents one of the most expensive software development activities. For the foreseeable future, it will not be possible to eliminate defects. While defects may be inevitable, we can minimize their number and impact on our projects. To do this development teams need to implement a defect management process that focuses on preventing defects, catching defects as early in the process as possible, and minimizing the impact of defects. A little investment in this process can yield significant returnsSeptember 4, 2009DTS | Final Year Project | Dept. of CT,YCCE

22. Cost of Defects during the Software LifeCycle

23. Defect Tracking SoftwareWhat are the Components of a good Defect Tracking System ?A major component of a bug tracking system is a database that records facts about known defects. Facts may include the time a bug was reported, its severity, the erroneous program behavior, and details on how to reproduce the bug; as well as the identity of the person who reported it and any programmers who may be working on fixing it.Typical bug tracking systems support the concept of the life cycle for a bug which is tracked through status assigned to the bug. A bug tracking system should allow administrators to configure permissions based on status, move the bug to another status, or delete the bug. The system should also allow administrators to configure the bug statuses and to what status a bug in a particular status can be moved to.September 4, 2009DTS | Final Year Project | Dept. of CT,YCCE

24. Defect Tracking SoftwareWhy is it Critical to software development ?defects can have a wide variety of effects, with varying levels of inconvenience to the user of the program. Some defects have only a subtle effect on the program's functionality, and may thus lie undetected for a long time. More serious defects may cause the program to crash or freeze leading to a denial of service. Others qualify as security defects and might for example enable a malicious user to bypass access controls in order to obtain unauthorized privileges.September 4, 2009DTS | Final Year Project | Dept. of CT,YCCE

25. Defect Tracking SoftwareExamples of Extreme Effects of DefectsDefects in the code controlling the Therac-25 radiation therapy machine were directly responsible for some patient deaths in the 1980s. In 1996, the European Space Agency's US$1 billion prototype Ariane 5 rocket was destroyed less than a minute after launch, due to a bug in the on-board guidance computer program. In June 1994, a Royal Air Force Chinook crashed into the Mull of Kintyre, killing 29. It was caused by a software bug in the aircraft's engine control computer. September 4, 2009DTS | Final Year Project | Dept. of CT,YCCE

26. Defect Tracking SoftwareFinancial ImplicationsIn 2002, a study commissioned by the US Department of Commerce' National Institute of Standards and Technology concluded that software defects, or errors, are so prevalent and so detrimental that they cost the US economy an estimated $59 billion annually, or about 0.6 percent of the gross domestic product.As per GARTNER estimates the global market for testing will be about $13 bn by 2010 . And Indian IT companies would take over 70 % of testing market. September 4, 2009DTS | Final Year Project | Dept. of CT,YCCE

27. Defect Tracking SoftwareWhat is the standard methods of Defect Classification?The mainly used defect classification approaches have been proposed by companies: IBM and HP. The IBM approach is called Orthogonal Defect Classification (ODC) . A defect is classified across the dimensions: Defect type

28. Source

29. Impact

30. Trigger

31. Phase found

32. Severity (continued)September 4, 2009DTS | Final Year Project | Dept. of CT,YCCE

33. Defect Tracking SoftwareWhat is the standard methods of Defect Classification?HP approach called Defect Origins Types, and Modes. It containsDefect Origin

34. Defect Types

35. Defect ModesSeptember 4, 2009DTS | Final Year Project | Dept. of CT,YCCE

36. Defect Tracking SoftwareDefect LifeCycle

37. Defect Tracking SoftwareWhat software does Sun use for Defect Tracking ?September 4, 2009DTS | Final Year Project | Dept. of CT,YCCESun uses a software called BugDB , for managing its hardware and software defects .It has a rich set of user interfaces and reporting tools.It has been recently shifted from the SYBASE database to Oracle Database .

38. Defect Tracking SoftwareWhat software does Open Source (Firefox, Linux) Use ?September 4, 2009DTS | Final Year Project | Dept. of CT,YCCEBoth Linux and Firefox use BugZilla for the Defect Tracking.BugZilla Supports the following features that make it very attractive for users The ability to run on freely available, open source tools. While Bugzilla development includes work to support commercial databases, tools, and operating systems, this is not intended to come at the expense of open source ones.

39. The maintenance of speed and efficiency at all costs. One of Bugzilla's major attractions to developers is its lightweight implementation and speed, so calls into the database are minimized whenever possible, data fetching is kept as light as possible, and generation of heavy HTML is avoided. Defect Tracking SoftwareWhy is BugZilla Popular ?Free Software ProjectsMozilla: https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/

40. Linux Kernel: http://bugzilla.kernel.org/

41. Gnome: http://bugzilla.gnome.org/

42. KDE: http://defects.kde.org/

43. Apache Project: http://issues.apache.org/bugzilla/

44. Open Office: http://www.openoffice.org/issues/query.cgi

45. Eclipse: http://defects.eclipse.org/defects/Linux DistributionsRed Hat: https://bugzilla.redhat.com/bugzilla/

46. Mandriva: http://qa.mandriva.com/

47. Novell: https://bugzilla.novell.com/CompaniesNASA: http://itos.gsfc.nasa.gov/~bugzilla/

48. Facebook: http://defects.developers.facebook.com/

49. Plus Akamai, Nokia, The New York Times, Yahoo! and many more...LifeCycle of a BugZilla Bug

50. BugZilla: The Bug tracking Software for Firefox Browser

51. BugZilla: Bug Tracker for the Linux Kernel

52. Defect Tracking SoftwareWhat are other freely available soft wares for DTS ?September 4, 2009DTS | Final Year Project | Dept. of CT,YCCEGNATS: GNU Bug Tracking System home page - A portable incident/bug report/help request-tracking system which runs on UNIX-like operating systems. It easily handles thousands of problem reports, has been in wide use since the early 90s, and can do most of its operations over e-mail. Several front end interfaces exist, including command line, emacs, and Tcl/Tk interfaces. There are also a number of Web (CGI) interfaces written in scripting languages like Perl and Python. IBM Rational ClearQuest - A defect and change tracking system that captures and manages all types of change requests throughout the development lifecycle.BugAware - Web based bug tracking system and help desk solution for the company intranet. Features include email alerts, advanced reporting, team management and custom fields.

53. Defect Tracking SoftwareAgenda :Shiv Prakash Amitabh Mukherjee Akshay Saraf Deepit Chaturvedi

54. Defect Tracking SoftwareSeptember 4, 2009DTS | Final Year Project | Dept. of CT,YCCEProblem Statement:To develop a defect tracking software for the HCL Infosystems Limited Client . This software will be used by the client in tracking the bugs and defects in the software’s overall lifecycle and deployment .Also It will be implemented in the software development process to achieve significant cost advantage arising out of defects in the software.

55. Defect Tracking SoftwareSeptember 4, 2009DTS | Final Year Project | Dept. of CT,YCCETo develop a project titled “Defect Tracking Software ” which isan :automated bug / issue tracking system that provides automation of keeping track of the component development processes & bug processing.

56. software application that is designed to help programmers/users keep track of reported software defects in their work.

57. is a web based application that can be accessed throughout the organizationsAbstract:

58. Defect Tracking SoftwareSeptember 4, 2009DTS | Final Year Project | Dept. of CT,YCCEFunctionalities:

59. Defect Tracking SoftwareSeptember 4, 2009DTS | Final Year Project | Dept. of CT,YCCEFunctionalitiesIt is a database that records facts about known bugs. Facts may include: Time a bug was reported,

60. Severity,

61. Assignment of Status,

62. Erroneous program behavior,

63. Details on how to reproduce the bug:

64. Identity of the user who reported it,

65. Identity of the developer/programmer working on fixing it.Defect Tracking SoftwareSeptember 4, 2009DTS | Final Year Project | Dept. of CT,YCCEFunctionalitiesSeverity classificationCritical – The bug causes a failure of the complete software system, subsystem or a program within the system.

66. High - The bug does not cause a failure, but causes the system to produce incorrect, incomplete, inconsistent results or impairs the system usability.

67. Medium – The bug does not cause a failure, does not impair usability, and does not interfere in the fluent work of the system and programs.

68. Low – The bug is an aesthetic, is an enhancement or is a result of non-conformance to a standard Priority classificationImmediate – The bug should be resolved immediately.

69. High - This bug should be resolved as soon as possible in the normal course of development activity, before the software is released.

70. Medium – This bug should be repaired after serious bugs have been fixed.

71. Low – It can be resolved in a future major system revision or not be resolved at all. Defect Tracking SoftwareSeptember 4, 2009DTS | Final Year Project | Dept. of CT,YCCEFunctionalitiesUser Maintenance:Creating access,

72. Granting access &

73. Revoking access and Deleting users from application.Component MaintenanceCreating a component

74. Granting &

75. Revoking access on components to Users

76. Marking a component as “Active” or “Closed”. Defect Tracking SoftwareSeptember 4, 2009DTS | Final Year Project | Dept. of CT,YCCEFunctionalitiesDefect Tracking:Creating defects,

77. Assigning defects to users,

78. Modifying defects

79. Closing a defect. A defect screen should atleasthave following detailsDefect Number and Title

80. Defect priority

81. Date created

82. Defect description

83. Defect diagnosis

84. Name of originator

85. Name of Assignee

86. Status

87. ResolutionDefect Tracking SoftwareSeptember 4, 2009DTS | Final Year Project | Dept. of CT,YCCESoftware Development Environment:MS Platform

88. MS-SQL Server

89. Oracle 10g Database

90. Visual Studio 2008

91. ASP.NET 2.0

92. IIS (Internet Information Services) 7.0Defect Tracking SoftwareSeptember 4, 2009DTS | Final Year Project | Dept. of CT,YCCESoftware Development Environment:MS Platformcontains header files, libraries, samples, documentation and tools utilizing the APIs required to develop applications for Microsoft Windows and the .NET Framework 3.0/.NET Framework 3.5.

93. Application programming interface (API) is an interface in computer science that defines the ways by which an application program may request services from libraries and/or OS.

94. Used to write applications that target

95. Windows XP, Windows Server 2003, Windows Vista & Windows Server 2008Defect Tracking SoftwareSeptember 4, 2009DTS | Final Year Project | Dept. of CT,YCCESoftware Development Environment:application used to create computer databases.

96. environment used to generate databases.

97. support businesses by online transaction processing (OLTP) and decision support system (DSS) workloads.

98. DSS workloads, are highly resource intensive.

99. DSS queries touch large amounts of data (often terabytes in size). MS-SQL Server

100. Defect Tracking SoftwareSeptember 4, 2009DTS | Final Year Project | Dept. of CT,YCCESoftware Development Environment:Visual Studio 2008 It is a comprehensive set of tools that accelerates the process of turning the developer’s vision into reality.

101. Defect Tracking SoftwareSeptember 4, 2009DTS | Final Year Project | Dept. of CT,YCCESoftware Development Environment:Visual Studio 2008LINQ SupportLINQ essentially is the composition of many standard query operators that allows us to work with data in a more intuitive way. Benefits :significant – Compile time checking C# language queries,

102. ability to debug step by step through queries.