This document summarizes research on using pressure-driven membranes to decontaminate wastewater from surface treatment industries. Nanofiltration membranes were found to effectively remove over 95% of heavy metals like chromium and arsenic. Experiments tested various membrane types on artificial and real effluents. While treated effluents did not affect crustaceans, they disrupted snail egg development due to micropollutants. Further study is needed on removing micropollutants.

1. DECONTAMINATIONOF POLLUTTED
DISCHARGEWATERSFROMSURFACE
TREATMENTINDUSTRIESBY PRESSURE-
DRIVENMEMBRANES
Presented by
P.Neehar
3/8/2015
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2. CONTENTS
• Abstract
• Introduction
• Review of Literature
• Objectives
• Research Methodology
• Findings
• Conclusion
• Reference
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3. ABSTRACT
• Decontamination of industrial waste waters by Membranes
was conducted to remove heavy metals
• Membranes used are UF, NF, RO
• NF was found to be good
• Experiments on artificial and real effluents are done
• Treated effluents are tested on Bioassays
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4. INTRODUCTION
 Industrialization
 Treatment methods
 Real effluents and Artificial effluents are treated by membranes
 Numerical, Biological, Physical, Chemical approaches to test the
depollution of waste waters
 Performance of the membranes to reject the heavy metals
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5. REVIEW OF LITERATURE
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• Challenges for treating fouling, improving chemical resistance
insufficient rejection of pollutants
• Main agenda in further research
• Removal of toxic materials likeChromium,Arsenate,Perchlorate
by NF,UF,RO
• Rejection increased with increase in pH of solution
• Rejection decreased with increase in solution conductivity

6. OBJECTIVES
• Main aim is to depollute industrial waste
• Using different configuration of membranes to filter the
solutions
• Finally choosing the best membrane to use in Industrial for
treating real solutions
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7. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
MembranesCharacteristics
AFC 40
Membranes AD DK AFC 40 Filtanium GH
Supplier GE power &
water
GE power &
water
PCI membrane
systems
TAMI
industries
GE power &
water
Type RO
Organic
NF
Organic
NF
Organic
UF
Ceramic
UF
Organic
Material of
active layer
Polyamide Polyamide Polyamide TiO2 Polyamide
MWCO g/mole Dense layer 150-300 300 1000 1000
Hydraulic
permeability
1.0(m) 1.4(m) 1.5(m) 1.6(m) 1.2(m)
Mean pore
radius(nm)
dense 0.43 0.53 1.18 0.85
GE power &
water
GE power &
water
GE power &
water
GE power &
water
GE power &
water
GE power &
water
Filtrating
area(m2)
0.014 0.014 0.0487 0.022 0.014
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8. FILTRATION AND ARTIFICIAL
SOLUTION
• Heavy metals like Co, Cr , Cu, Ni, Pb , Zn were made into
solutions by adding some masses with water at different
concentrations(1, 2, 5) mg/lt.
• NaCl added to 5 mg/ litre concentration of metals to get
exactness of real solutions and pH was also maintained at 4.5
to avoid metal hydroxides
• Filtration carried in different modules
• Batch operation
• Either permeate or retentate is recycled
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9. 3/8/2015
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10. FINDINGS
• After filtration NF was found to be more than 95% irrespective
of ion
• Rejections by AFC 40 was also high except for lead
• Permeation fluxes obtained for each membrane , i.e. volume
provided by RO membrane was very low
• For GH (UF) it was satisfactory
• For NF (DK and AFC 40) are very close to GH but even more
than those of inorganic membrane (Filtanium)
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11. FINDINGS
(FILTRATIONPERFORMANCES)
• Rejection vs. permeation flux for different conc of metals was
found out for DK membrane
• Rejection increases with permeation flux
• But overall rejection was more at low flux at high conc of
metals
• Unfortunately selectivity between ions decreases with
concentration increase
• This shows that Electrostatic interactions between ions and
membrane charge plays a role.
• Lead is most effected by NaCl
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12. EXPERIMENTAL GRAPH
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13. SIMULATED GRAPH
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14. • The graphs are plotted by PTM model
• The above graphs are for salt concentrations of 1 mg/litre
• Exclusions mechanisms are Steric, Electric , Dielectric effects
• Electric and dielectric are governed by membrane charge
density (Xd) and dielectric constant (έp)
• Membrane charge density governs electrostatic interactions
between membrane and ions to increase or decrease
exclusions depending on valence and ion considered
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15. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF
TREATED EFFLUENT
• Tests on Snail eggs and Crustaceans
• Eggs incubated for 20 days , 20 degree Celsius, 18hrs of light,
with 80-90% moisture
• Eggs succumbed to the harmful effects of treated effluent
• Crustaceans didn’t effect by treated effluents
• Reason for eggs failure was by micro pollutants(PAH,VOC,AP)
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16. CONCLUSION
• NF membranes were good choice for metal rejections
• Rejections were by Steric, Electric, Dielectric Effects
• Snail eggs hatching was disrupted by micro pollutants
• Crustaceans mobility was not effected
• More study required on micro pollutants removal
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17. REFERENCES
• A. Escoda, S. Deon, P. Fievet, Assessment of dielectric
contribution in the modeling of multi-ionic transport through
Nano filtration membranes, J.Membr. Sci. 378 (2011) 214–223
• S. Bandini, J. Drei, D. Vezzani, The role of pH and concentration
on the ion rejection in polyamide Nano filtration membranes,
J. Membr. Sci. 264 (2005)
• B.S. Khangarot, S. Das, Effects of copper on the egg
development and hatching of a freshwater pulmonate snail
Lymnaea luteola L, J. Hazard. Mater. 179(2010) 665–675
• B. Van der Bruggen, M. Mänttäri, M. Nyström, Drawbacks of
applying Nano filtration and how to avoid them: a review, Sep.
Purif. Technol. 63(2008) 251–263
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