This document discusses measuring biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) to determine water quality. BOD measures the amount of dissolved oxygen needed by aerobic bacteria to decompose organic waste in water. Higher BOD means less dissolved oxygen is available for aquatic life. A student group measured BOD in two rivers near their university. One river contained polluted water with high BOD and few fish, while the other river had clean water with low BOD and many fish. The students took water samples from both rivers to study and compare their oxygen content in the lab.
Trace Metals Concentration in Shallow Well Water in Enugu Metropolispaperpublications3
Abstract: This work assesses the concentration of heavy metals in Enugu Municipal well-water considering the fact that some Enugu inhabitants depend on well-water as their major source of water supply. Water from twenty four (24) different hand dug wells from six locations were investigated for Zn, Cu, Pb, Mn, Cd, and Fe using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS). The result of the study expressed as the means and standard deviations were compared to WHO and EU standards for drinking water, and it was found that well waters from Iva-Valley and Uwani areas suffer from Cd and Mn pollution. The remaining four locations (Emene, Asata, Abakpa Nike and Achara Layout) were all free from Cd and Mn pollution. Cu, Zn, Fe and Pb concentrations were either completely absent or below world threshold limits at all the locations.
The presentation gives a idea about the methods for water analysis. The parameters included are testing pH, hardness, sulphate, phosphorus, COD and many other parameters.
This presentation describes, how the water can be analyzed using the basic parameters like DO, COD, BOD, Alkalinity and so on. The physical, chemical, and biological parameters were discussed here.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Trace Metals Concentration in Shallow Well Water in Enugu Metropolispaperpublications3
Abstract: This work assesses the concentration of heavy metals in Enugu Municipal well-water considering the fact that some Enugu inhabitants depend on well-water as their major source of water supply. Water from twenty four (24) different hand dug wells from six locations were investigated for Zn, Cu, Pb, Mn, Cd, and Fe using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS). The result of the study expressed as the means and standard deviations were compared to WHO and EU standards for drinking water, and it was found that well waters from Iva-Valley and Uwani areas suffer from Cd and Mn pollution. The remaining four locations (Emene, Asata, Abakpa Nike and Achara Layout) were all free from Cd and Mn pollution. Cu, Zn, Fe and Pb concentrations were either completely absent or below world threshold limits at all the locations.
The presentation gives a idea about the methods for water analysis. The parameters included are testing pH, hardness, sulphate, phosphorus, COD and many other parameters.
This presentation describes, how the water can be analyzed using the basic parameters like DO, COD, BOD, Alkalinity and so on. The physical, chemical, and biological parameters were discussed here.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Determination of p h of waste water sample .....................................Hafiz M Waseem
ecologyDetermination of pH of Waste Water Sample ..................................................... 4
Determination Dissolved Oxygen within Water ................................................... 5
Adaptive Features of Animals in Relation to Food and Environment .................. 7
Study the Plant Population Density ................................................................... 10
Experimental Design and Approaches to Ecological Research ........................ 12
Lecture notes of Environmental Engineering-II as per Solapur university syllabus of TE CIVIL.
Prepared by
Prof S S Jahagirdar,
Associate Professor,
N K Orchid college of Engg and Technology,
Solapur
In this report we have analyzed different water samples of major areas of Dhaka city. Then we have analyzed the Mineral water Samples and some soft drinks of different brands. From the areas we have gone through almost 300 samples and tried to find out the best possible drinking water from a particular area. After analyzing the samples within area, we made a throughout analysis on the areas. Also we have found out that water qualities vary from area to area. For drinking water we found out that filtered water is the best option. Moreover, we analyzed the mineral water samples and found out some best possible options and analyzed the soft drinks too.
Water is one of the most important substances on earth. We already know another name of water is life. We human beings, all plants and animals must need water to survive. If there was no water there would be no life on earth. Apart from drinking it to survive, people have many other uses for water. It is used in both household and industrial purposes. Water is also essential for the healthy growth of farm crops and farm stock and is used in the manufacture of many products. But in our country Bangladesh, water pollution is one of the most significant dangers to general wellbeing. Especially water turns into curse for the city dwellers in Dhaka. Water pollution is common throughout our country but in Dhaka, it has presented itself as a very serious problem. A city which has nearly 20 million inhabitants, Dhaka faces challenges for inadequate sanitation, polluted rivers, and chemical outpouring from the surrounding industries, faulty sewage management etc. Most of these are resulting from the unplanned nature of urbanization. Also the people are not aware of that situation for that reason different health hazards like diarrhea, typhoid, dysentery, colon, kidney problems and many other health concerns are a direct result of city-wide water pollution. However, the quality of the mineral water samples of all brands is not standard and drinkable at all. The scenario for soft drinks is even worse.
To find out the current situation of water quality and to know more about water variation in different areas, we collected different samples of water from the different areas of Dhaka city under the ENV107 Lab. Here in this report we will present the water quality of Dhaka city.
Water quality is one of the most important factors in a healthy ecosystem. Clean water supports a diversity of plants and animals.
The quality of the water you consume or use in municipal or industrial processes must meet specific parameters to ensure that drinking water remains free from contaminants that could cause health issues.
Water quality measurements include physical, chemical, and biological parameters.
A STUDY ON OCEAN ACIDIFICATION DUE TO CARBON DIOXIDE ALONG THE COAST OF VISAK...Soma Sekhar Sriadibhatla
Extensive Data Analytics on samples to understand Ocean Acidification process, a serious damage to ecosystem, increase in production of Carbon dioxide.
Earliest Galaxies in the JADES Origins Field: Luminosity Function and Cosmic ...Sérgio Sacani
We characterize the earliest galaxy population in the JADES Origins Field (JOF), the deepest
imaging field observed with JWST. We make use of the ancillary Hubble optical images (5 filters
spanning 0.4−0.9µm) and novel JWST images with 14 filters spanning 0.8−5µm, including 7 mediumband filters, and reaching total exposure times of up to 46 hours per filter. We combine all our data
at > 2.3µm to construct an ultradeep image, reaching as deep as ≈ 31.4 AB mag in the stack and
30.3-31.0 AB mag (5σ, r = 0.1” circular aperture) in individual filters. We measure photometric
redshifts and use robust selection criteria to identify a sample of eight galaxy candidates at redshifts
z = 11.5 − 15. These objects show compact half-light radii of R1/2 ∼ 50 − 200pc, stellar masses of
M⋆ ∼ 107−108M⊙, and star-formation rates of SFR ∼ 0.1−1 M⊙ yr−1
. Our search finds no candidates
at 15 < z < 20, placing upper limits at these redshifts. We develop a forward modeling approach to
infer the properties of the evolving luminosity function without binning in redshift or luminosity that
marginalizes over the photometric redshift uncertainty of our candidate galaxies and incorporates the
impact of non-detections. We find a z = 12 luminosity function in good agreement with prior results,
and that the luminosity function normalization and UV luminosity density decline by a factor of ∼ 2.5
from z = 12 to z = 14. We discuss the possible implications of our results in the context of theoretical
models for evolution of the dark matter halo mass function.
Nutraceutical market, scope and growth: Herbal drug technologyLokesh Patil
As consumer awareness of health and wellness rises, the nutraceutical market—which includes goods like functional meals, drinks, and dietary supplements that provide health advantages beyond basic nutrition—is growing significantly. As healthcare expenses rise, the population ages, and people want natural and preventative health solutions more and more, this industry is increasing quickly. Further driving market expansion are product formulation innovations and the use of cutting-edge technology for customized nutrition. With its worldwide reach, the nutraceutical industry is expected to keep growing and provide significant chances for research and investment in a number of categories, including vitamins, minerals, probiotics, and herbal supplements.
(May 29th, 2024) Advancements in Intravital Microscopy- Insights for Preclini...Scintica Instrumentation
Intravital microscopy (IVM) is a powerful tool utilized to study cellular behavior over time and space in vivo. Much of our understanding of cell biology has been accomplished using various in vitro and ex vivo methods; however, these studies do not necessarily reflect the natural dynamics of biological processes. Unlike traditional cell culture or fixed tissue imaging, IVM allows for the ultra-fast high-resolution imaging of cellular processes over time and space and were studied in its natural environment. Real-time visualization of biological processes in the context of an intact organism helps maintain physiological relevance and provide insights into the progression of disease, response to treatments or developmental processes.
In this webinar we give an overview of advanced applications of the IVM system in preclinical research. IVIM technology is a provider of all-in-one intravital microscopy systems and solutions optimized for in vivo imaging of live animal models at sub-micron resolution. The system’s unique features and user-friendly software enables researchers to probe fast dynamic biological processes such as immune cell tracking, cell-cell interaction as well as vascularization and tumor metastasis with exceptional detail. This webinar will also give an overview of IVM being utilized in drug development, offering a view into the intricate interaction between drugs/nanoparticles and tissues in vivo and allows for the evaluation of therapeutic intervention in a variety of tissues and organs. This interdisciplinary collaboration continues to drive the advancements of novel therapeutic strategies.
Observation of Io’s Resurfacing via Plume Deposition Using Ground-based Adapt...Sérgio Sacani
Since volcanic activity was first discovered on Io from Voyager images in 1979, changes
on Io’s surface have been monitored from both spacecraft and ground-based telescopes.
Here, we present the highest spatial resolution images of Io ever obtained from a groundbased telescope. These images, acquired by the SHARK-VIS instrument on the Large
Binocular Telescope, show evidence of a major resurfacing event on Io’s trailing hemisphere. When compared to the most recent spacecraft images, the SHARK-VIS images
show that a plume deposit from a powerful eruption at Pillan Patera has covered part
of the long-lived Pele plume deposit. Although this type of resurfacing event may be common on Io, few have been detected due to the rarity of spacecraft visits and the previously low spatial resolution available from Earth-based telescopes. The SHARK-VIS instrument ushers in a new era of high resolution imaging of Io’s surface using adaptive
optics at visible wavelengths.
Slide 1: Title Slide
Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Slide 2: Introduction to Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Definition: Extrachromosomal inheritance refers to the transmission of genetic material that is not found within the nucleus.
Key Components: Involves genes located in mitochondria, chloroplasts, and plasmids.
Slide 3: Mitochondrial Inheritance
Mitochondria: Organelles responsible for energy production.
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in mitochondria.
Inheritance Pattern: Maternally inherited, meaning it is passed from mothers to all their offspring.
Diseases: Examples include Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) and mitochondrial myopathy.
Slide 4: Chloroplast Inheritance
Chloroplasts: Organelles responsible for photosynthesis in plants.
Chloroplast DNA (cpDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in chloroplasts.
Inheritance Pattern: Often maternally inherited in most plants, but can vary in some species.
Examples: Variegation in plants, where leaf color patterns are determined by chloroplast DNA.
Slide 5: Plasmid Inheritance
Plasmids: Small, circular DNA molecules found in bacteria and some eukaryotes.
Features: Can carry antibiotic resistance genes and can be transferred between cells through processes like conjugation.
Significance: Important in biotechnology for gene cloning and genetic engineering.
Slide 6: Mechanisms of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Non-Mendelian Patterns: Do not follow Mendel’s laws of inheritance.
Cytoplasmic Segregation: During cell division, organelles like mitochondria and chloroplasts are randomly distributed to daughter cells.
Heteroplasmy: Presence of more than one type of organellar genome within a cell, leading to variation in expression.
Slide 7: Examples of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Four O’clock Plant (Mirabilis jalapa): Shows variegated leaves due to different cpDNA in leaf cells.
Petite Mutants in Yeast: Result from mutations in mitochondrial DNA affecting respiration.
Slide 8: Importance of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Evolution: Provides insight into the evolution of eukaryotic cells.
Medicine: Understanding mitochondrial inheritance helps in diagnosing and treating mitochondrial diseases.
Agriculture: Chloroplast inheritance can be used in plant breeding and genetic modification.
Slide 9: Recent Research and Advances
Gene Editing: Techniques like CRISPR-Cas9 are being used to edit mitochondrial and chloroplast DNA.
Therapies: Development of mitochondrial replacement therapy (MRT) for preventing mitochondrial diseases.
Slide 10: Conclusion
Summary: Extrachromosomal inheritance involves the transmission of genetic material outside the nucleus and plays a crucial role in genetics, medicine, and biotechnology.
Future Directions: Continued research and technological advancements hold promise for new treatments and applications.
Slide 11: Questions and Discussion
Invite Audience: Open the floor for any questions or further discussion on the topic.
This pdf is about the Schizophrenia.
For more details visit on YouTube; @SELF-EXPLANATORY;
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCAiarMZDNhe1A3Rnpr_WkzA/videos
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1. NAME MATRIC NUM.
NOR HIDAYAH BT ISMAIL D20152071972
NOR AZWAHANIN BT ABU HASSAN D20152071976
AZIDA BT MD. ZAIN D20152071993
SBI3013 - Information And Communication Technology
In Biology
DATA LOGGER:
BIOCHEMICAL OXYGEN
DEMAND (B.O.D)
2.
3. *
The biochemical oxygen demand is defined as the measure of
dissolve oxygen require to decompose the organic matter in
water biologically.
BOD
• Pure water has
<1ppm
• Polluted water
>5ppm
<1ppm
>5ppm
4. *
Higher BOD, means that there is dissolved
oxygen in the water, as aerobic bacteria uses
up nearly all of it for respiration.
Hence less dissolved oxygen available
for the fish to used for respiration.
So fish will died.
Continue….
6. Objective
• Our group make visited
river around TG. Malim
to complete our task in
doing exp. To study the
sample of river of water.
Observation
• We found
that one of
the river
polluted
and more
fish died.
Comparison
• The other
river has
clean and
have many
fish.
Result
• So we took
both of the
water for our
sample of the
river and
study of the
content of the
river
Discussion
• In your
opinion
why fish
died?
7. From your observation, what is
deference between river A and
river B ?
Which water has low
content of the oxygen ?
Why ?
9. *
1. 4 beaker were labelling with A, B, C and D.
2. 100 mL of pond water are collected and pour into
beaker A.
3. The dissolve oxygen probe was placed in the beaker
A to read the initial dissolve oxygen concentration
directly.
4. The result were recorded in Data Logger spreadsheet
Program.
10. 5. Step 1 to 4 were repeated by using different sample of water
which are drain water, aquarium water and distilled water which
the sample of water is poured into beaker B, C and D.
6. The sample were let until 5 days and D.O probes was placed
again in these samples to read the final D.O concentration.
7. BOD value was determined by the following formula :
B . O . D value = Final D. O – Initial D. O
p
Note : before put the sensor into the next sample of water, rinse
the sensor with distilled water.
