This document discusses training objectives and response strategies for weapons of mass destruction (WMD) and hazardous materials incidents. It covers the types of WMD threats including biological, chemical, nuclear, explosive and radiological agents. Specific chemical threats like industrial chemicals, chemical warfare agents, and case studies of accidental chemical releases are examined. The document outlines guidance for recognizing chemical hazards, isolating the hazard area, employing personal protective equipment, protecting others through evacuation or shelter-in-place, and decontamination procedures.
This document provides a summary of a hazardous materials operations refresher presentation. It discusses responder classifications including awareness and operations levels. Key terms like hazardous material and incident are defined. Transportation and storage of hazardous materials is covered including shipping papers, placards, and common locations. Methods for identifying hazards such as the Emergency Response Guidebook are explained.
This document provides information on understanding chemical hazards and risk assessment. It discusses OSHA laboratory regulations and the Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labeling of Chemicals (GHS). Key points include:
- OSHA regulations require hazard communication programs, training on hazardous chemicals, and a written chemical hygiene plan for laboratories.
- GHS provides a standardized approach to classifying chemicals according to their physical, health and environmental hazards, and communicating hazard information on labels and safety data sheets.
- Hazards are intrinsic properties of chemicals while risk depends on likelihood, exposure level, and severity of consequences. Risk can be reduced through proper controls.
- GHS specifies pictograms, signal words, hazard
This document provides information on chemical safety, hazards, and risks associated with chemicals. It discusses proper use and handling of chemicals, basic rules of chemical safety, potential hazards like lack of protective equipment, and ways to reduce risks such as proper storage and handling. The document also covers chemical labeling systems, material safety data sheets, transportation requirements, and emergency response procedures.
This document outlines the requirements of the Los Angeles Unified School District's Hazard Communication Program. It is designed to protect employees from hazardous chemicals by informing them of chemical hazards and providing training. The program requires a written plan, material safety data sheets, labeling of chemicals, an inventory, and employee training. Training covers hazards of chemicals used on site, protective measures, the labeling system, and documentation is required.
The document provides an orientation on Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS). It discusses the definition, importance, and standard formats of MSDS, including OSHA, ANSI, NFPA, and HMIS formats. It explains how to read an MSDS and covers technical terms commonly used in MSDS, such as how chemicals can enter the body through absorption, inhalation, and ingestion. The presentation aims to familiarize attendees with MSDS and improve safety when handling chemicals.
Hazardous signs and labeling systems communicate hazards through standardized symbols and information. There are several systems, including OSHA, NFPA, HMIS, DOT, and CHIP. They each use colors, numbers, and symbols to indicate the type and degree of hazards like flammability, health risks, and reactivity. Proper labeling is required by law to warn workers of chemical and physical dangers and protect health and safety. When labels are missing or unreadable, workers should not use the chemical and notify supervisors so it can be re-labeled correctly.
The document discusses the 9 classes of hazardous materials (hazmat) according to the UN classification system. It provides details on the general properties and hazards associated with each class. Class 1 covers explosives, Class 2 covers gases, Class 3 covers flammable liquids, Class 4 covers flammable solids, Class 5 covers oxidizing agents, Class 6 covers toxic and infectious substances, Class 7 covers radioactive substances, and Class 8 covers corrosive substances. The document aims to help identify different hazmat classes and understand the hazards posed by substances in each class.
The slides gives you brief description of hazard labels of chemicals. i hope the information provided in the slides would be helpful. for further details contact
mail id - sobhigaba@gmail.com
This document provides a summary of a hazardous materials operations refresher presentation. It discusses responder classifications including awareness and operations levels. Key terms like hazardous material and incident are defined. Transportation and storage of hazardous materials is covered including shipping papers, placards, and common locations. Methods for identifying hazards such as the Emergency Response Guidebook are explained.
This document provides information on understanding chemical hazards and risk assessment. It discusses OSHA laboratory regulations and the Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labeling of Chemicals (GHS). Key points include:
- OSHA regulations require hazard communication programs, training on hazardous chemicals, and a written chemical hygiene plan for laboratories.
- GHS provides a standardized approach to classifying chemicals according to their physical, health and environmental hazards, and communicating hazard information on labels and safety data sheets.
- Hazards are intrinsic properties of chemicals while risk depends on likelihood, exposure level, and severity of consequences. Risk can be reduced through proper controls.
- GHS specifies pictograms, signal words, hazard
This document provides information on chemical safety, hazards, and risks associated with chemicals. It discusses proper use and handling of chemicals, basic rules of chemical safety, potential hazards like lack of protective equipment, and ways to reduce risks such as proper storage and handling. The document also covers chemical labeling systems, material safety data sheets, transportation requirements, and emergency response procedures.
This document outlines the requirements of the Los Angeles Unified School District's Hazard Communication Program. It is designed to protect employees from hazardous chemicals by informing them of chemical hazards and providing training. The program requires a written plan, material safety data sheets, labeling of chemicals, an inventory, and employee training. Training covers hazards of chemicals used on site, protective measures, the labeling system, and documentation is required.
The document provides an orientation on Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS). It discusses the definition, importance, and standard formats of MSDS, including OSHA, ANSI, NFPA, and HMIS formats. It explains how to read an MSDS and covers technical terms commonly used in MSDS, such as how chemicals can enter the body through absorption, inhalation, and ingestion. The presentation aims to familiarize attendees with MSDS and improve safety when handling chemicals.
Hazardous signs and labeling systems communicate hazards through standardized symbols and information. There are several systems, including OSHA, NFPA, HMIS, DOT, and CHIP. They each use colors, numbers, and symbols to indicate the type and degree of hazards like flammability, health risks, and reactivity. Proper labeling is required by law to warn workers of chemical and physical dangers and protect health and safety. When labels are missing or unreadable, workers should not use the chemical and notify supervisors so it can be re-labeled correctly.
The document discusses the 9 classes of hazardous materials (hazmat) according to the UN classification system. It provides details on the general properties and hazards associated with each class. Class 1 covers explosives, Class 2 covers gases, Class 3 covers flammable liquids, Class 4 covers flammable solids, Class 5 covers oxidizing agents, Class 6 covers toxic and infectious substances, Class 7 covers radioactive substances, and Class 8 covers corrosive substances. The document aims to help identify different hazmat classes and understand the hazards posed by substances in each class.
The slides gives you brief description of hazard labels of chemicals. i hope the information provided in the slides would be helpful. for further details contact
mail id - sobhigaba@gmail.com
This document provides guidance on writing emails related to business meetings, including suggesting a meeting, confirming a meeting, rescheduling a meeting, writing a meeting agenda, and taking minutes. It outlines a common three-part structure for business emails, and provides examples of emails arranging or confirming a meeting with positive and negative responses. Key details include suggesting dates and times for the meeting, requesting a reply, and providing alternative options if the original time does not work. Meeting agendas outline the topics, presenters, and time allotted. Minutes list the motions discussed, outcomes of votes, and action items including who is responsible and deadlines.
Decontamination of pollutted discharge waters from surface treatmentneehar91
This document summarizes research on using pressure-driven membranes to decontaminate wastewater from surface treatment industries. Nanofiltration membranes were found to effectively remove over 95% of heavy metals like chromium and arsenic. Experiments tested various membrane types on artificial and real effluents. While treated effluents did not affect crustaceans, they disrupted snail egg development due to micropollutants. Further study is needed on removing micropollutants.
The document discusses performance appraisals, which [1] provide data to assess employee skill levels and performance, impact human resource planning and compensation, and require an effective appraisal system. [2] Performance appraisals are used to identify staffing deficiencies, detect inaccurate information, make placement and compensation decisions, and diagnose job design errors. [3] Effective performance appraisal systems are valid, reliable, involve employee input, have acceptable standards and goals, and use multiple raters.
This document provides a performance review template to gather feedback on an employee's performance, attitude, and job abilities. It includes sections for reviewing accomplishments, strengths, opportunities, goals, suggestions for improvement, self-evaluation of competencies, and manager evaluation of competencies. Completing regular performance reviews is important for motivation, assessing capabilities, and effective management. The template standardizes the review process and includes areas relevant to job responsibilities and organizational goals.
The document provides guidance on chemical storage, transport, manipulation, and disposal at Ohio State University. It discusses requirements for chemical inventory lists, labeling, and dating containers. It recommends storing chemicals by compatibility and hazard class, using cabinets and refrigerators as needed. Specific guidance is given for corrosives, oxidizers, flammables, toxics, and reactives. The document also covers transporting chemicals safely and being prepared for spills during manipulation. It lists resources for chemical disposal and recycling policies. Upon completing a 10 question assessment quiz, users will receive a training certificate.
Anyone launching a product or service, whether on-line or off-line, will put a lot of thought into what to offer and how to go about offering it. In particular, most businesses invest a lot of time and money in creating a brand which will appeal to consumers and set its products or services apart from competitors. For this reason, a business will not want anyone else pretending to be associated with it and piggy-backing on its reputation. The brand of a business is an example of intellectual property, and can be one of the most valuable assets of the on-line business. As an example, when the infamous boo.com went into liquidation, the most sought after assets of the business were the domain name and trade marks; in other words, the boo.com brand. It is therefore important to a business to secure the rights in its brand.
This performance review template provides a standardized process for managers to gather feedback and evaluate employees. It includes sections to assess accomplishments, strengths, opportunities for growth, goals, and competencies. Completing regular reviews is important for motivation, assessing capabilities, and effective management. The template outlines a thorough process for evaluation across multiple dimensions.
Employability & Personal Development - Introduction to Health & Safety Awaren...The Pathway Group
Employability & Personal Development - Introduction to Health & Safety Awareness in the Workplace talks about the different regulations of Health & Safety in the workplace/learning environment.
It covers RIDDOR, First Aid, PPE, Risk Assessments and general Health & Safety.
Pathway Group is a training provider that covers the courses of several different sectors. If you would like to learn more about the training that we offer at Pathway Group please call: 0121 707 0550 or e-mail: info@pathwaygroup.co.uk
This document discusses brand protection and risk management services for advertisers and publishers. It provides:
1. Tools like Firewall Control and Network Control to block ads on non-compliant sites and help ad networks maintain appropriate inventories.
2. Page-level content ratings for categories like adult content, hate speech, drugs/alcohol to help advertisers set risk thresholds and prevent ads on unwanted sites.
3. Verification services like BrandShield, BrandAssure and AdAssure to monitor publishers/networks and check for issues like geo-targeting, placements and ad collisions.
This document provides a performance review template to gather feedback on an employee's past performance, attitude, and ability. It includes sections for reviewing accomplishments, strengths and opportunities, goals, suggestions for improvement, self-evaluation of competencies, and manager evaluation of competencies. The template is designed to help maintain motivation, assess capabilities, and effectively manage staff. Completing regular reviews is important for morale, credibility, effectiveness and costs.
Shona Kelly
Occupational Health Nurse
Health and Safety Inspector and HSNO Enforcement Officer
Department of Labour Te Tari Mahi
shona.kelly@dol.govt.nz
(P07, Wednesday 26, Civic Room 3, 10.30)
The document provides an overview of the EICC Code of Conduct V5.1. It discusses the importance of the EICC to the global electronics supply chain due to stakeholder demands. It then describes the structure and requirements of the EICC Code, which includes sections on Labor, Health & Safety, Environment, Ethics, and Management Systems. The Code is designed to ensure fair treatment of workers, safe working conditions, environmental responsibility, and ethical business practices through a management system approach.
Safety and Health Management Systems (OSHMS) 2003Integer
This document discusses occupational safety and health management systems. It provides facts about workplace injuries and costs in Malaysia. It then describes the Malaysian OSH-MS standard MS1722 and compares it to the international OSHAS 18001 standard. The document outlines guidelines from the International Labour Organization (ILO) for developing national OSH management frameworks and implementing OSH systems at the organizational level. It discusses key elements of an OSH system such as policy, worker participation, responsibilities, training, documentation and risk assessment.
Small tubes of petroleum ether stored in a freezer evaporated and accumulated to a concentration above the lower explosive limit. A spark from the freezer's internal components ignited the vapors, causing $500,000 in damage. Similarly, lab personnel ignored warnings that too much hydrogen had entered an anaerobic hood and became flammable, resulting in an explosion that injured four people when the gas encountered an ignition source. The document provides guidance on hazard communication, material safety data sheets, chemical storage, personal protective equipment, chemical spill response, and general safety rules to prevent such incidents.
This document provides guidance on proper sentence construction for business writing and emails. It discusses the key elements of a sentence, such as having a subject and verb, and avoiding fragments and run-on sentences. Examples are given to illustrate fragments and how to correct them. Run-on sentences are also explained and the three ways to fix them: making two sentences, joining with a comma and conjunction, or joining with a semicolon. Exercises are included for identifying subjects/verbs, fragments, and run-on sentences.
Social compliance issues in the apparel sector of BangladeshAzmir Latif Beg
Quality of goods exported from Bangladesh has always been questioned by the foreign buyers due to lack of experience and awareness of Garment manufacturers associated in the trade. In order to export readymade garments, it is not only the quality parameters which are important towards acceptance of the product as per the intended end use, but also the working environment in which the garments are to be produced, is equally important so that sweatshop concept is totally taken care of and the code of conduct must be stretched towards achieving the objectives of social compliance issues.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive function. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive function. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms.
This document outlines the requirements of LAUSD's Hazard Communication Program, which is intended to protect employees from hazardous chemicals by informing them about chemical hazards and necessary precautions. The program requires a written plan, material safety data sheets (MSDS), container labeling, employee training, and recordkeeping. Training covers chemical hazards, MSDS contents and use, protective measures, and spill response procedures. Labels use pictograms and warning phrases to identify hazards. MSDS provide detailed safety information about chemical properties and handling instructions.
This document discusses various industrial hazards and safety measures. It defines industrial safety as reducing risk of injury from industrial dangers. It describes four main types of hazards - fire, chemical, mechanical and electrical. For each hazard, it outlines sources, detection methods, and prevention techniques like proper training, maintenance, protective equipment and safeguards. The objectives of industrial safety are to understand hazard effects, define risk relationships, and learn about toxicity and hazardous substances. Safety is critical in industries to prevent accidents and protect workers.
This document provides guidance on writing emails related to business meetings, including suggesting a meeting, confirming a meeting, rescheduling a meeting, writing a meeting agenda, and taking minutes. It outlines a common three-part structure for business emails, and provides examples of emails arranging or confirming a meeting with positive and negative responses. Key details include suggesting dates and times for the meeting, requesting a reply, and providing alternative options if the original time does not work. Meeting agendas outline the topics, presenters, and time allotted. Minutes list the motions discussed, outcomes of votes, and action items including who is responsible and deadlines.
Decontamination of pollutted discharge waters from surface treatmentneehar91
This document summarizes research on using pressure-driven membranes to decontaminate wastewater from surface treatment industries. Nanofiltration membranes were found to effectively remove over 95% of heavy metals like chromium and arsenic. Experiments tested various membrane types on artificial and real effluents. While treated effluents did not affect crustaceans, they disrupted snail egg development due to micropollutants. Further study is needed on removing micropollutants.
The document discusses performance appraisals, which [1] provide data to assess employee skill levels and performance, impact human resource planning and compensation, and require an effective appraisal system. [2] Performance appraisals are used to identify staffing deficiencies, detect inaccurate information, make placement and compensation decisions, and diagnose job design errors. [3] Effective performance appraisal systems are valid, reliable, involve employee input, have acceptable standards and goals, and use multiple raters.
This document provides a performance review template to gather feedback on an employee's performance, attitude, and job abilities. It includes sections for reviewing accomplishments, strengths, opportunities, goals, suggestions for improvement, self-evaluation of competencies, and manager evaluation of competencies. Completing regular performance reviews is important for motivation, assessing capabilities, and effective management. The template standardizes the review process and includes areas relevant to job responsibilities and organizational goals.
The document provides guidance on chemical storage, transport, manipulation, and disposal at Ohio State University. It discusses requirements for chemical inventory lists, labeling, and dating containers. It recommends storing chemicals by compatibility and hazard class, using cabinets and refrigerators as needed. Specific guidance is given for corrosives, oxidizers, flammables, toxics, and reactives. The document also covers transporting chemicals safely and being prepared for spills during manipulation. It lists resources for chemical disposal and recycling policies. Upon completing a 10 question assessment quiz, users will receive a training certificate.
Anyone launching a product or service, whether on-line or off-line, will put a lot of thought into what to offer and how to go about offering it. In particular, most businesses invest a lot of time and money in creating a brand which will appeal to consumers and set its products or services apart from competitors. For this reason, a business will not want anyone else pretending to be associated with it and piggy-backing on its reputation. The brand of a business is an example of intellectual property, and can be one of the most valuable assets of the on-line business. As an example, when the infamous boo.com went into liquidation, the most sought after assets of the business were the domain name and trade marks; in other words, the boo.com brand. It is therefore important to a business to secure the rights in its brand.
This performance review template provides a standardized process for managers to gather feedback and evaluate employees. It includes sections to assess accomplishments, strengths, opportunities for growth, goals, and competencies. Completing regular reviews is important for motivation, assessing capabilities, and effective management. The template outlines a thorough process for evaluation across multiple dimensions.
Employability & Personal Development - Introduction to Health & Safety Awaren...The Pathway Group
Employability & Personal Development - Introduction to Health & Safety Awareness in the Workplace talks about the different regulations of Health & Safety in the workplace/learning environment.
It covers RIDDOR, First Aid, PPE, Risk Assessments and general Health & Safety.
Pathway Group is a training provider that covers the courses of several different sectors. If you would like to learn more about the training that we offer at Pathway Group please call: 0121 707 0550 or e-mail: info@pathwaygroup.co.uk
This document discusses brand protection and risk management services for advertisers and publishers. It provides:
1. Tools like Firewall Control and Network Control to block ads on non-compliant sites and help ad networks maintain appropriate inventories.
2. Page-level content ratings for categories like adult content, hate speech, drugs/alcohol to help advertisers set risk thresholds and prevent ads on unwanted sites.
3. Verification services like BrandShield, BrandAssure and AdAssure to monitor publishers/networks and check for issues like geo-targeting, placements and ad collisions.
This document provides a performance review template to gather feedback on an employee's past performance, attitude, and ability. It includes sections for reviewing accomplishments, strengths and opportunities, goals, suggestions for improvement, self-evaluation of competencies, and manager evaluation of competencies. The template is designed to help maintain motivation, assess capabilities, and effectively manage staff. Completing regular reviews is important for morale, credibility, effectiveness and costs.
Shona Kelly
Occupational Health Nurse
Health and Safety Inspector and HSNO Enforcement Officer
Department of Labour Te Tari Mahi
shona.kelly@dol.govt.nz
(P07, Wednesday 26, Civic Room 3, 10.30)
The document provides an overview of the EICC Code of Conduct V5.1. It discusses the importance of the EICC to the global electronics supply chain due to stakeholder demands. It then describes the structure and requirements of the EICC Code, which includes sections on Labor, Health & Safety, Environment, Ethics, and Management Systems. The Code is designed to ensure fair treatment of workers, safe working conditions, environmental responsibility, and ethical business practices through a management system approach.
Safety and Health Management Systems (OSHMS) 2003Integer
This document discusses occupational safety and health management systems. It provides facts about workplace injuries and costs in Malaysia. It then describes the Malaysian OSH-MS standard MS1722 and compares it to the international OSHAS 18001 standard. The document outlines guidelines from the International Labour Organization (ILO) for developing national OSH management frameworks and implementing OSH systems at the organizational level. It discusses key elements of an OSH system such as policy, worker participation, responsibilities, training, documentation and risk assessment.
Small tubes of petroleum ether stored in a freezer evaporated and accumulated to a concentration above the lower explosive limit. A spark from the freezer's internal components ignited the vapors, causing $500,000 in damage. Similarly, lab personnel ignored warnings that too much hydrogen had entered an anaerobic hood and became flammable, resulting in an explosion that injured four people when the gas encountered an ignition source. The document provides guidance on hazard communication, material safety data sheets, chemical storage, personal protective equipment, chemical spill response, and general safety rules to prevent such incidents.
This document provides guidance on proper sentence construction for business writing and emails. It discusses the key elements of a sentence, such as having a subject and verb, and avoiding fragments and run-on sentences. Examples are given to illustrate fragments and how to correct them. Run-on sentences are also explained and the three ways to fix them: making two sentences, joining with a comma and conjunction, or joining with a semicolon. Exercises are included for identifying subjects/verbs, fragments, and run-on sentences.
Social compliance issues in the apparel sector of BangladeshAzmir Latif Beg
Quality of goods exported from Bangladesh has always been questioned by the foreign buyers due to lack of experience and awareness of Garment manufacturers associated in the trade. In order to export readymade garments, it is not only the quality parameters which are important towards acceptance of the product as per the intended end use, but also the working environment in which the garments are to be produced, is equally important so that sweatshop concept is totally taken care of and the code of conduct must be stretched towards achieving the objectives of social compliance issues.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive function. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive function. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms.
This document outlines the requirements of LAUSD's Hazard Communication Program, which is intended to protect employees from hazardous chemicals by informing them about chemical hazards and necessary precautions. The program requires a written plan, material safety data sheets (MSDS), container labeling, employee training, and recordkeeping. Training covers chemical hazards, MSDS contents and use, protective measures, and spill response procedures. Labels use pictograms and warning phrases to identify hazards. MSDS provide detailed safety information about chemical properties and handling instructions.
This document discusses various industrial hazards and safety measures. It defines industrial safety as reducing risk of injury from industrial dangers. It describes four main types of hazards - fire, chemical, mechanical and electrical. For each hazard, it outlines sources, detection methods, and prevention techniques like proper training, maintenance, protective equipment and safeguards. The objectives of industrial safety are to understand hazard effects, define risk relationships, and learn about toxicity and hazardous substances. Safety is critical in industries to prevent accidents and protect workers.
This document provides an overview of hazardous materials response for the Brentwood Fire Department's Citizen Fire Academy Class of 2004. It discusses the types of hazardous materials typically encountered, Brentwood's response capabilities including its hazardous materials response team and equipment, the hazardous materials response process, and key response concepts like identification, protection, spill control, and termination. The agenda covers common chemicals, DOT categories, unique hazards in Brentwood like highways and railroads, household hazardous materials, the county hazardous materials response group, required training and certifications, and the incident response model.
Chemicals can improve quality of life but also pose threats if misused. Proper handling and storage of chemicals is important to prevent accidents and protect health and the environment. A Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) provides key information on hazardous chemicals, including properties, hazards, safe handling procedures, and emergency response measures. It is important to read the MSDS to understand the risks and safety precautions for any chemicals in use.
Chemical safety presentation for chemicalsStephenMumba
This document provides an overview of chemical safety. It defines chemical safety as properly handling chemicals to protect human health and the environment. It outlines two types of chemical hazards - physical hazards, which include flammable, explosive and corrosive chemicals, and health hazards like toxic, carcinogenic and irritant chemicals. The document emphasizes the importance of understanding the chemicals you are working with, reading safety data sheets, properly labeling and storing chemicals, and cleaning up spills safely using appropriate protective equipment.
The document provides an overview of hazardous materials response for the Brentwood Fire Department's Citizen Fire Academy Class of 2004. It discusses the types of hazardous materials commonly encountered, including fuels, chemicals, explosives, and household products. It also describes Brentwood's hazardous materials response process, which includes trained personnel, specialized equipment, and operational guidelines. The response follows an incident management model involving isolation, notification, identification, protection, spill control, fire control, recovery, and termination.
Like manufacturers in all industries, pharmaceutical manufacturers and their employees face real and serious health and safety issues. In some cases, the hazards are the same ones we find in most manufacturing facilities. In other cases, the hazards are more specific to pharmaceutical manufacturing. Likewise, pharmaceutical manufacturers use hazard controls and risk mitigations that are common to many industries as well as more specific to pharmaceutical manufacturing, including all levels of the hierarchy of controls, from elimination down to administrative controls such as training for pharmaceutical safety and the use of PPE.
This document provides information on the hazards and safe handling of hydrofluoric acid (HF). HF is a highly hazardous liquid and vapor that causes severe burns. It can penetrate the skin and bones, and exposure may be fatal if swallowed or inhaled. The summary describes first aid measures for different exposure routes and symptoms of HF poisoning including burns and hypocalcemia. Firefighting procedures are outlined, and uses of HF in various industries are listed, along with examples of HF accidents and pollution incidents.
This document provides an overview of industrial safety topics including material safety data sheets, hazard labels, personal protective equipment, fire hazards, types of fires, fire extinguishers, and standards like OHSAS 18001 and ISO 14001. It discusses the key sections of an MSDS, common hazard labels, types of PPE, classes of fire and corresponding extinguishers. It also summarizes the elements of the OHSAS 18001 standard for occupational health and safety management systems including policy, planning, implementation, monitoring and corrective action, and management reviews. Finally, it briefly discusses effluent management and ISO 14001 environmental management standards.
The document discusses the key sections of a Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS), which provides information on the properties and potential hazards of chemicals. An MSDS includes 16 sections that cover identification of the chemical/mixture and supplier; hazards; composition; first aid measures; firefighting measures; accidental release measures; handling and storage; exposure controls and personal protection; physical and chemical properties; stability and reactivity; toxicological information; ecological information; disposal considerations; transport information; and other information such as regulatory information. The MSDS provides important information to ensure chemicals are handled safely.
The document discusses the hazards of hydrofluoric acid, a poisonous and corrosive liquid. It causes severe burns that may not be visible or painful initially. Inhalation or ingestion can be fatal. The document provides first aid measures and details signs and symptoms of exposure. It also lists industrial uses of hydrofluoric acid and safety information important for its transportation and handling.
This document provides an introduction to health, safety and environmental issues in the oil and gas industry. It discusses why HSE is important given the high-risk nature of the work and potential for catastrophic accidents. Two examples of major accidents, the Piper Alpha platform explosion and Deepwater Horizon oil spill, are described to illustrate the risks. The document then covers hazard identification and risk assessment processes used in the industry. It provides examples of common hazards and approaches to controlling risks, including the use of engineering solutions, administrative controls and personal protective equipment. Training requirements for workers and definitions of key terms like incidents and near misses are also outlined.
This training program aims to teach participants how to identify hazards, read container labels, understand material safety data sheets, and follow safe work procedures when handling hazardous materials. It explains that the Hazard Communication standard requires employees working with hazardous chemicals to be trained. The document then outlines general hazard classifications, labeling requirements, locations of hazard information, and responsibilities of supervisors to ensure training is provided.
1. The document discusses medical preparedness and response for chemical disasters. It identifies gaps in current emergency response systems and provides guidance on improving preparedness at various levels.
2. Key recommendations include establishing quick response medical teams, developing treatment protocols and stockpiling antidotes, creating decontamination facilities, and preparing integrated disaster plans for hospitals.
3. The document emphasizes training of medical staff, establishing communication systems, and ensuring resources for evacuation and long-term care are in place to effectively manage chemical casualty incidents.
The document discusses hazard exposure and safety measures at an ammonia plant. It describes how hazards are identified through methods like HAZOP studies, job hazard analyses, and incident reports. It also covers risk assessment, major plant hazards, types of injuries, and safety measures like personal protective equipment, firefighting systems, emergency showers, and fire extinguishers. The purpose is to educate on how the plant evaluates and mitigates risks to ensure safety.
Industrial safety aims to reduce risks of injury, loss, or danger from industrial hazards. Hazards refer to substances that can cause harm and include risks like toxicity, chemical exposure, and fires. Common industrial hazards include fires, mechanical, electrical, chemical, pharmaceutical, environmental, and physical dangers. Proper safety measures like equipment maintenance, training, protective gear, and emergency protocols help minimize risks from these various industrial hazards.
Chemical Safety and Handling in Pharmaceutical Industries.pptxSanyamYadav5
The hazardous chemicals are the substances used in various engineering industries for production, analysis, research and other usages. Any unexpected event producing injury or damage in engineering industries is referred as an accident.
Handling and environmental preventive methods for engineering chemicals are mentioned for maintaining safe working environment of the engineering industries.
In this project we will study about Corrosive Chemicals, Toxic Chemicals, Reactive Chemicals.
Laboratory biosafety and biosecurity involves analyzing risks from chemicals and implementing control measures. A risk analysis should be done for each experiment to identify hazards. Material safety data sheets provide important safety information about chemicals. Chemicals have physical hazards like being flammable or explosive and health hazards like being toxic, carcinogenic, or corrosive. Exposure routes are dermal, inhalation, ingestion, and injection. Control measures follow a hierarchy of elimination, substitution, engineering controls like fume hoods, and administrative controls like proper storage and labeling. Different biosafety levels are required depending on the risk of the microorganisms being used. Safety practices in the laboratory need improvement regarding protective equipment and housekeeping.
Batteries -Introduction – Types of Batteries – discharging and charging of battery - characteristics of battery –battery rating- various tests on battery- – Primary battery: silver button cell- Secondary battery :Ni-Cd battery-modern battery: lithium ion battery-maintenance of batteries-choices of batteries for electric vehicle applications.
Fuel Cells: Introduction- importance and classification of fuel cells - description, principle, components, applications of fuel cells: H2-O2 fuel cell, alkaline fuel cell, molten carbonate fuel cell and direct methanol fuel cells.
Understanding Inductive Bias in Machine LearningSUTEJAS
This presentation explores the concept of inductive bias in machine learning. It explains how algorithms come with built-in assumptions and preferences that guide the learning process. You'll learn about the different types of inductive bias and how they can impact the performance and generalizability of machine learning models.
The presentation also covers the positive and negative aspects of inductive bias, along with strategies for mitigating potential drawbacks. We'll explore examples of how bias manifests in algorithms like neural networks and decision trees.
By understanding inductive bias, you can gain valuable insights into how machine learning models work and make informed decisions when building and deploying them.
Use PyCharm for remote debugging of WSL on a Windo cf5c162d672e4e58b4dde5d797...shadow0702a
This document serves as a comprehensive step-by-step guide on how to effectively use PyCharm for remote debugging of the Windows Subsystem for Linux (WSL) on a local Windows machine. It meticulously outlines several critical steps in the process, starting with the crucial task of enabling permissions, followed by the installation and configuration of WSL.
The guide then proceeds to explain how to set up the SSH service within the WSL environment, an integral part of the process. Alongside this, it also provides detailed instructions on how to modify the inbound rules of the Windows firewall to facilitate the process, ensuring that there are no connectivity issues that could potentially hinder the debugging process.
The document further emphasizes on the importance of checking the connection between the Windows and WSL environments, providing instructions on how to ensure that the connection is optimal and ready for remote debugging.
It also offers an in-depth guide on how to configure the WSL interpreter and files within the PyCharm environment. This is essential for ensuring that the debugging process is set up correctly and that the program can be run effectively within the WSL terminal.
Additionally, the document provides guidance on how to set up breakpoints for debugging, a fundamental aspect of the debugging process which allows the developer to stop the execution of their code at certain points and inspect their program at those stages.
Finally, the document concludes by providing a link to a reference blog. This blog offers additional information and guidance on configuring the remote Python interpreter in PyCharm, providing the reader with a well-rounded understanding of the process.
Redefining brain tumor segmentation: a cutting-edge convolutional neural netw...IJECEIAES
Medical image analysis has witnessed significant advancements with deep learning techniques. In the domain of brain tumor segmentation, the ability to
precisely delineate tumor boundaries from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
scans holds profound implications for diagnosis. This study presents an ensemble convolutional neural network (CNN) with transfer learning, integrating
the state-of-the-art Deeplabv3+ architecture with the ResNet18 backbone. The
model is rigorously trained and evaluated, exhibiting remarkable performance
metrics, including an impressive global accuracy of 99.286%, a high-class accuracy of 82.191%, a mean intersection over union (IoU) of 79.900%, a weighted
IoU of 98.620%, and a Boundary F1 (BF) score of 83.303%. Notably, a detailed comparative analysis with existing methods showcases the superiority of
our proposed model. These findings underscore the model’s competence in precise brain tumor localization, underscoring its potential to revolutionize medical
image analysis and enhance healthcare outcomes. This research paves the way
for future exploration and optimization of advanced CNN models in medical
imaging, emphasizing addressing false positives and resource efficiency.
KuberTENes Birthday Bash Guadalajara - K8sGPT first impressionsVictor Morales
K8sGPT is a tool that analyzes and diagnoses Kubernetes clusters. This presentation was used to share the requirements and dependencies to deploy K8sGPT in a local environment.
CHINA’S GEO-ECONOMIC OUTREACH IN CENTRAL ASIAN COUNTRIES AND FUTURE PROSPECTjpsjournal1
The rivalry between prominent international actors for dominance over Central Asia's hydrocarbon
reserves and the ancient silk trade route, along with China's diplomatic endeavours in the area, has been
referred to as the "New Great Game." This research centres on the power struggle, considering
geopolitical, geostrategic, and geoeconomic variables. Topics including trade, political hegemony, oil
politics, and conventional and nontraditional security are all explored and explained by the researcher.
Using Mackinder's Heartland, Spykman Rimland, and Hegemonic Stability theories, examines China's role
in Central Asia. This study adheres to the empirical epistemological method and has taken care of
objectivity. This study analyze primary and secondary research documents critically to elaborate role of
china’s geo economic outreach in central Asian countries and its future prospect. China is thriving in trade,
pipeline politics, and winning states, according to this study, thanks to important instruments like the
Shanghai Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative. According to this study,
China is seeing significant success in commerce, pipeline politics, and gaining influence on other
governments. This success may be attributed to the effective utilisation of key tools such as the Shanghai
Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative.
Introduction- e - waste – definition - sources of e-waste– hazardous substances in e-waste - effects of e-waste on environment and human health- need for e-waste management– e-waste handling rules - waste minimization techniques for managing e-waste – recycling of e-waste - disposal treatment methods of e- waste – mechanism of extraction of precious metal from leaching solution-global Scenario of E-waste – E-waste in India- case studies.
Embedded machine learning-based road conditions and driving behavior monitoringIJECEIAES
Car accident rates have increased in recent years, resulting in losses in human lives, properties, and other financial costs. An embedded machine learning-based system is developed to address this critical issue. The system can monitor road conditions, detect driving patterns, and identify aggressive driving behaviors. The system is based on neural networks trained on a comprehensive dataset of driving events, driving styles, and road conditions. The system effectively detects potential risks and helps mitigate the frequency and impact of accidents. The primary goal is to ensure the safety of drivers and vehicles. Collecting data involved gathering information on three key road events: normal street and normal drive, speed bumps, circular yellow speed bumps, and three aggressive driving actions: sudden start, sudden stop, and sudden entry. The gathered data is processed and analyzed using a machine learning system designed for limited power and memory devices. The developed system resulted in 91.9% accuracy, 93.6% precision, and 92% recall. The achieved inference time on an Arduino Nano 33 BLE Sense with a 32-bit CPU running at 64 MHz is 34 ms and requires 2.6 kB peak RAM and 139.9 kB program flash memory, making it suitable for resource-constrained embedded systems.
2008 BUILDING CONSTRUCTION Illustrated - Ching Chapter 02 The Building.pdf
Chemical response plan good
1. WMD and All Hazards Response
Jack Pittman
Director, Public
Health
Preparedness
Leon CHD and
NFRDSTF
Heather Lake
Preparedness
Coordinator
Division of
Environmental
Health
2. WMD and All Hazards Response
Training Objectives:
• Be aware of the effects of weapons of mass
destruction (WMD) and other hazardous releases
• Understand types of expected WMD casualties
• Understand impact of a HAZMAT or WMD event
on public health and the environment
• Understand principles of agent identification using
the Emergency Response Guide
• Understand levels of personal protection
• Recognize requirements for evacuation, shelter in
place, decontamination, isolation, or quarantine
3. WMD and All Hazards Response
Weapons of Mass Destruction:
BNICE
Biological, Nuclear, Incendiary, Chemical,
Explosive
CBRNE
Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Nuclear,
Explosive
4. WMD and All Hazards Response
Explosive and Incendiary Threats:
Favorite Terrorist weapon
• Mass casualty trauma:
- Crushing
- Fragmentation
- Burns
• Relatively cheap
• High visibility
• High terror
5. WMD and All Hazards Response
Chemical Threats:
Industrial chemicals
Chemical warfare
agents
6. WMD and All Hazards Response
Chemical Threats:
Industrial chemicals
FBI: Most Likely chemical terrorism event -- A
Deliberate Industrial Chemical Release
-- Rail
-- Road
-- Fixed Facility
-- Pipeline
7. WMD and All Hazards Response
Chemical Threats:
Accidental industrial chemical releases
Rail:
According to the Federal Railroad Administration,
there were 14,264 rail accidents in 2002 -- 59 in
Florida. 704 involved cars carrying HAZMAT in
the US with 13 HAZMAT accidents in Florida.
In 1978, an Atlanta & St Andrews Bay Railway train
derailed near Youngstown, Florida. Chlorine
gas, released from a derailed car, killed 8
persons and injured 138 downwind of the
accident site.
8. WMD and All Hazards Response
Chemical Threats:
Accidental industrial chemical releases
Fixed Facility:
In 1984, a release of methyl isocyanate in Bhopal,
India killed 3,800 persons; 40 suffered
permanent total disability; and 2,680, who lived
as far as 25 miles downwind, were partially
disabled.
Pipeline:
In May 2003, > 50 tons of anhydrous ammonia
escaped after someone tapped into a pipeline in
Brandon, FL. The leak sent noxious fumes into a
subdivision, shutting down two schools.
9. WMD and All Hazards Response
Chemical Threats:
Response
Except for the criminal investigation, a deliberate
release of an industrial chemical would be
handled as a HAZMAT event in the same way as
an accidental release.
Depending on the characteristics of the chemical,
met conditions, etc., the event may require rapid
evacuations and decontamination.
First responders should be aware that terrorists may
plant secondary explosives or booby traps
around the scene of a chemical release incident.
10. WMD and All Hazards Response
Chemical Threats:
Response Recognition
Isolation
Protection
Notification
11. WMD and All Hazards Response
Chemical Threats Response
Recognition The US Department of
Transportation (DOT) is responsible
for coordinating the national safety
program for transport of hazardous
materials and for accident response.
DOT publishes the Emergency
Response Guidebook (ERG) that
provides info on identification of
hazards, public safety, emergency
response, and initial isolation and
protective actions for over 3000
industrial chemicals.
12. WMD and All Hazards Response
Chemical Threats Response
Recognition – Clue 1 Occupancy and Location
• Fixed facilities -- specific occupancy or general
area (e.g., an industrial park)
• Hazardous materials transportation modes
– Rail, air, marine, highway and pipeline
• Drug lab considerations
13. WMD and All Hazards Response
Chemical Threats Response
Recognition – Clue 2 Container Shape and Size
• Classifications
Fixed, portable, or in transport
• Pressure
– Non-pressurized, low or high pressure
• Vapor Pressure and Storage
– The higher the pressure, the greater the potential for
catastrophic failure
• See ERG pages 18-19
14. WMD and All Hazards Response
Chemical Threats Response
Recognition – Clue 3 Placards and Labels
• Placards have limitations
– Not always required
– The 1000 pound rule
• Nine Hazard Classes subdivided into divisions.
ERG Page 13
• Placards and labels used for transport are
based on DOT Hazard Class. ERG Pages 16-17
15. WMD and All Hazards Response
Chemical Threats Response
Recognition – Clue 4 Shipping Papers (ERG inside
cover)
MODE CALLED LOCATION
Rail Waybill and
Cosist
With crew
Highway Bill of Ladding Driver / on seat
or door pocket
Air Airbill Pilot
Pipeline Marker At cross with
other mode of
transport
16. WMD and All Hazards Response
Chemical Threats Response
Recognition – Clue 4 Facility Documents
Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS)
• Required by the Federal Hazard Communication
Standard and Florida Right-to-Know Law
• Provide: general information ingredients,
physical and chemical characteristics, fire and
explosion hazards, reactivity data, health
hazards and toxicology, precautions for safe
handling, first aid, control and clean up
measures, transportation data, disposal data,
and label data.
Emergency Response Plans (ERP)
Emergency Action Plans (EAP)
17. WMD and All Hazards Response
Chemical Threats Response
Recognition – Clue 5 Markings and Colors
• Container colors are not standardized
• National Fire Protection Association 704 Diamond
• Military markings
19. WMD and All Hazards Response
Chemical Threats Response
Recognition – Clue 6 Human Senses
SMELL
SIGHT
SOUND
TOUCH
TASTE
20. WMD and All Hazards Response
Chemical Threats
Response
Recognition
Isolation
Protection
Notification
21. WMD and All Hazards Response
Chemical Threats Response
Isolation
Contain the immediate hazard
• Explosion
• Fire
• Contamination
See ERG Yellow, Blue, and Green Sections
22. WMD and All Hazards Response
Chemical Threats Response
This is a Test
Match the chemical with its ID number?
3065
2015
1005
What are Hazards associated with each?
23. WMD and All Hazards Response
Chemical Threats
Response
Recognition
Isolation
Protection
Notification
24. WMD and All Hazards Response
Chemical Threats Response
Protection
Self
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) --
OSHA 29CFR.1910.120
Others
Downwind Hazard -- ERG Green Pages
• Evacuate
• Shelter-in-place
• Decontamination
25. WMD and All Hazards Response
Chemical Threats Response
Protection: Self
Portals of Entry
• Respiratory System
• Eyes
• Skin
• Ingestion System
26. WMD and All Hazards Response
Chemical Threats
Response
Protection: Personal
Protective Equipment
Level A
Best Respiratory and
skin protection.
Positive pressure SCBA, fully encapsulated
chemical protective suit.
For unknown skin absorptive material and high
splash hazards.
27. WMD and All Hazards Response
Chemical Threats
Response
Protection: Personal
Protective Equipment
Level B
High level respiratory
protection but less for skin
protection.
Positive pressure SCBA, hooded chemical
resistive clothing.
For areas less than 19.5% Oxygen, unidentified
gas and vapor and low skin hazard.
28. WMD and All Hazards Response
Chemical Threats Response
Protection: Personal
Protective Equipment
Level C
Modest skin protection.
Full or half hooded APR, hooded chemical
resistive clothing.
For no skin hazards, no unknowns, and
sufficient oxygen.
29. WMD and All Hazards Response
Chemical Threats Response
Protection: Personal Protective Equipment
Level D
No respiratory or skin protection needed.
Ordinary work uniform.
May include coveralls, reinforced-toe boots,
and safety helmet.
30. WMD and All Hazards Response
Infectious Disease
Personal Protective Equipment
• Airborne precautions
– Particles < 5 μM
– Remain suspended in air, can be
dispersed by air currents
• Recommendation: Fitted respirators meeting
NIOSH N95 or better
31. WMD and All Hazards Response
Chemical Threats Response
Protection
Self
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
Others
Downwind Hazard ERG Green Pages
• Evacuate
• Shelter-in-place
• Decontamination
32. WMD and All Hazards Response
Chemical Threats Response
Protection Others
Downwind Hazard ERG Green Pages
Met Conditions:
Lapse
Cool/Warm
Inversion
Warm/Cool
Neutral
Cool/Cool
33. WMD and All Hazards Response
Chemical
Threats
Response
Protection
This is a Test
What is the
DWHD for:
Methyliodide
1005
Chlorine
Compare
small/large/day/
night
34. WMD and All Hazards Response
Chemical Threats
Response
Decontamination
The Hot Zone, also called
the Exclusion Zone, fully
encloses the Incident site --
the immediate scene of the
terrorist event.
The hot zone will extend
downwind depending on the
level of vapor hazard.
All personnel must be in
PPE.
35. WMD and All Hazards Response
Chemical Threats Response
Decontamination
The Warm Zone, also called
the Contamination Reduction
Zone, is located upwind and
preferably up gradient from the
Hot Zone. Rescue, decon, and
medical personnel are located
here and all must be in PPE.
A triage point is located near
the Hot Zone exit control point
for rapid assessment and
further disposition of
contaminated casualties.
36. WMD and All Hazards Response
Chemical Threats Response
Decontamination
The Cold Zone, also known as
the Support Zone, is located
upwind and up gradient from
the Warm Zone. All persons
working in the Cold Zone
should have respirators
available in the event of a wind
shift that would put them at
risk for downwind vapor
inhalation.
A second triage point and a
medical aid station may be set
up here to further evaluate
casualties for on-site treatment
or immediate evacuation to a
fully capable medical facility.
37. WMD and All Hazards Response
Contagious Disease: Isolation Rooms
• Patients housed in rooms under negative
pressure
• At least 6 to12 air changes/hour
• Air not re-circulated to other rooms
38. WMD and All Hazards Response
Chemical Threats
Response
Recognition
Isolation
Protection
Notification
39. WMD and All Hazards Response
Chemical Threats Response
Notification (Also See ERG page 384)
Who ya gonna call?
• All major chemical releases must be reported to the State
Warning Point 800-320-0519. Suspected chemical
terrorism events, must also be reported to the FBI.
• The National Response Center maintains a one-stop point
of contact site and hotline number 800-424-8802 for
reporting oil and chemical spills -- to include chemical or
biological terrorism releases.
• CHEMTREC established by the chemical industry as a
public service hotline 800-424-9300 for fire fighters, law
enforcement and other emergency responders to obtain
information about emergency incidents involving toxic
chemicals and hazardous materials.
40. WMD and All Hazards Response
Chemical
Threats:
Commercial and
industrial
chemicals
Chemical warfare
agents
41. WMD and All Hazards Response
Chemical Threats: Chemical Warfare
Agents
Classifications:
Choking/Asphyxiation
• Phosgene
Blister/Vesicants
• Mustards, Lewisite, Phosgene oxime
Blood/Cytochrome oxidase inhibitors
• Hydrogen Cyanide, Cyanogen chloride
Nerve/acetylcholine esterace inhibitors
• Sarin, Soman, Tabun, VX
42. WMD and All Hazards Response
Chemical Threats: Chemical Warfare
Agents Sarin (2810)
Military Designation GB
Physical State Liquid at 25o C/77o F
Odor/color None/colorless liquid
Symptoms Onset Seconds to minutes. If lethal dose is
absorbed, symptoms can progress to death in 15 minutes.
Vapor Toxicities in mg-min/m3 LCt50 100 ICt50 75
Skin Absorption LD50 1700 mg
Eye Injury (Miosis) in mg-min/m3 MCt50 3
43. WMD and All Hazards Response
Chemical Threats: Chemical Warfare
Agents VX (2810)
Military Designation VX
Physical State Liquid at 25o C/77o F
Odor/color none/colorless to amber liquid
Symptoms Onset Seconds to minutes. If lethal dose is
absorbed, symptoms can progress to death in 15 minutes
or less.
Vapor Toxicities in mg-min/m3 LCt50 ICt35
50 50 Skin Absorption Toxicities Skin LD10 mg
50 Eye Injury (Miosis) MCtin mg-min/m3
< 1
50
44. WMD and All Hazards Response
Chemical Threats: Chemical Warfare
Agents Sarin (2810)
Medical Management. Depending on the dissemination
method and the dose received, casualties may require
decon, administering of antidotes, ventilation, and
supportive care.
There are three therapeutic drugs used to treat nerve agent
exposure: atropine, pralidoxime chloride (2-PAMCl), and
anti-convulsive drugs such as diazepam.
In cases of severe nerve agent exposure, ventilation has
been required for up to three hours.
Long term supportive care will be required for those with
prolonged central nervous system effects.
45. WMD and All Hazards Response
Chemical Threats: Chemical Warfare
Agents Sarin
Protection Because nerve agents can cause casualties from
exposure to both vapors and liquid contact, full respiratory
and non-permeable outer garment protection is required
(Level A – Level B).
Decontamination Nerve agents hydrolyze under conditions
of high pH. Hot soapy water solutions can be effective in
removing agent from skin, but complete hydrolysis occurs
over time and run-off from decon waters may still contain
sufficient agent to cause casualties among unprotected
people.
Skin decontamination is not needed for those who have only
been exposed to vapor only; however, clothing should be
removed because it may outgas trapped vapor.
46. WMD and All Hazards Response
Chemical Threats: Case Study
Tokyo Subway Attack
After numerous failed attempts to
disseminate anthrax spores and
botulinum toxin, in and around Tokyo, on
March 20, 1995, members of the Aum
Shinrikyo cult, led by Shoko Asahara
succeeded in releasing sarin in 5 trains
running on three major subway lines
converging in downtown Tokyo.
More than 5,500 people were affected.
There were 641 casualties resulting from
sarin inhalation that required medical
treatment and 12 deaths.
47. WMD and All Hazards Response
Chemical Threats: Case Study
Tokyo Subway Attack
48. WMD and All Hazards Response
Chemical Threats: Case Study
Tokyo Subway Attack
The Tokyo Fire Department transported 688 victims to
area hospitals. The remainder of the victims were
transported by police vehicle, taxicabs, or self-evacuated
to hospitals on their own.
The nearest medical facility in central Tokyo was St.
Luke’s International Hospital which treated 641
casualties on the morning of the attack with 349
follow-up cases seen during the next week.
49. WMD and All Hazards Response
Chemical Threats: Case Study
Tokyo Subway Attack
The first EMS request was made at 8:09 a.m. Tokyo Fire
Department sent 340 units and a total of 1,364 personnel to
16 stations.
There was no attempt to
establish decontamination.
About 10% of the responding
personnel (a total of 135) were
among the injured after direct or
indirect sarin exposure.
50. WMD and All Hazards Response
Chemical Threats: Case Study
Tokyo Subway Attack
There were 5 patients in critical condition. 3 arrived with
cardiopulmonary arrest; 2 were unconscious went into
respiratory arrest soon after arrival.
Three were successfully resuscitated. One patient did not
respond to cardiopulmonary resuscitation and died.
A second patient was resuscitated but died on day 28 after
the attack due to irreversible brain damage.
The other 10 deaths occurred at the attack scene. Those
who died included two station employees who had tried to
remove the bags of sarin.
51. WMD and All Hazards Response
Chemical Threats: Case Study
Tokyo Subway Attack
106 casualties (43 men and 63 women, including 4 who were
pregnant) were triaged into the moderate severity category
and hospitalized for overnight observation.
Many complained of headache; dyspnea, nausea, vomiting,
muscle weakness, coughing, agitation, and fasciculation.
Hospitalized patients were treated initially with 2 mg of
intravenous atropine sulfate and 2 g of pralidoxime chloride
after the agent was confirmed as sarin. Intravenous
diazepam was administered for fasciculation.
The remaining 531 casualties had mainly with eye problems
(miosis). They were treated with intravenous atropine
sulfate, observed for six hours and released if no other
symptoms developed.
52. WMD and All Hazards Response
Chemical Threats: Case Study
Tokyo Subway Attack
One month after the attack, St. Luke's mailed questionnaires
to 610 of those they treated. Of those responding nearly
60% reported post traumatic stress disorders. Many sought
the services of psychiatrists to relieve their psychological
symptoms.
•32% of the victims harbored phobias related to using the
subway.
•29% reported insomnia.
•16% still had flashbacks of scenes they witnessed on the
day of the attack.
•16% reported depression.
•10% reported vivid nightmares.
53. WMD and All Hazards Response
Chemical Threats: Case Study
Tokyo Subway Attack – Lessons Learned
1. Attack Effectiveness. Although the sarin was not pure or
concentrated and the dissemination method was crude, it
created a mass casualty event.
2. Initially, there was no control possible at the scene.
Many of those affected self-evacuated to area hospitals.
Some with mild symptoms chose not to seek medical
attention.
3. Although Tokyo-area hospitals had emergency and
disaster plans because of the high incidents of earthquakes,
they were unprepared for a mass casualty incident where all
victims were exposed to the same toxic substance.
54. WMD and All Hazards Response
Chemical Threats: Case Study
Tokyo Subway Attack – Lessons Learned
4. There was no attempt by on scene responders to alert the
hospital or communicate investigation results.
5. There was no attempt to decontaminate victims either at
the scene or at the hospital. Although the major threat from
sarin is vapor inhalation, some of the victims apparently
contacted the liquid sarin or had pockets of vapor trapped in
their outer clothing. Over 10% of first responders and 20%
of the St. Luke's staff who treated victims developed nerve
agent symptoms that included miosis, ocular pain,
headache, sore throat, dyspnea, nausea, dizziness, and
nose pain.
5. Mass psychogenic illness and post traumatic stress are
factors that must be considered in the treatment of weapons
of mass destruction attacks in addition to the treatment of
physical symptoms.
55. WMD and All Hazards Response
Chemical Threats
Questions?
Issues?
Discussion?
56. Jack Pittman
Director,
Public Health Preparedness
Leon CHD and NFRDSTF
Heather Lake
Division of Environmental
Health
Bioterror Threat
57. Bioterror Threat
Why Bioterror is an attractive option?
• Spectrum of effects
Dial an outcome – mild to lethal
Contagion vs. contamination
• Covert Ops
• Extremely high terror and psychological
consequences