1. The document discusses techniques for de-projecting the nasal tip, which is important to assess along with tip rotation.
2. It describes the major and minor tip support mechanisms and what can happen when they are disrupted.
3. Various surgical techniques are presented for addressing over-projection, including reducing the nasal spine, lowering the nasal septum, and modifying the lateral and medial crura using techniques like lateral crural overlay. Multi-step procedures are often needed to achieve the desired result. Cases are shown to illustrate different techniques.
Anatomy of the maxilla and its surgical implications /cosmetic dentistry coursesIndian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Anatomy of the maxilla and its surgical implications /cosmetic dentistry coursesIndian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
This presentation contains the detailed description about the courses, branches and supply of the Trigeminal Nerve, contains variations of maxillary nerve & Mandibular Nerve, and the detail about trigeminal Neurolgia and its managements
surgical anatomy of nose is a humble attempt to make the anatomy of nose simpler and easy for medical students and fellow physicians. at the end of the presentation the students will be able to identify all the structures.
Orbital anatomy and orbital fracture/oral surgery courses by indian dental ac...Indian dental academy
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The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
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Detailed discussion on diagnosis and management of TMJ ankylosis. Surgical anatomy and applied aspects of TMJ is discussed. Reconstruction of ramus-condyle unit is also discussed. Compications of TMJ surgery are also discussed
18th International Course in Modern Rhinoplasty Techniques & Symposium The Cleft Lip Patient and Revision surgery
26, 27 & 28 October 2011
http://www.rhinoplastycourse.nl/
This presentation contains the detailed description about the courses, branches and supply of the Trigeminal Nerve, contains variations of maxillary nerve & Mandibular Nerve, and the detail about trigeminal Neurolgia and its managements
surgical anatomy of nose is a humble attempt to make the anatomy of nose simpler and easy for medical students and fellow physicians. at the end of the presentation the students will be able to identify all the structures.
Orbital anatomy and orbital fracture/oral surgery courses by indian dental ac...Indian dental academy
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
00919248678078
Detailed discussion on diagnosis and management of TMJ ankylosis. Surgical anatomy and applied aspects of TMJ is discussed. Reconstruction of ramus-condyle unit is also discussed. Compications of TMJ surgery are also discussed
18th International Course in Modern Rhinoplasty Techniques & Symposium The Cleft Lip Patient and Revision surgery
26, 27 & 28 October 2011
http://www.rhinoplastycourse.nl/
Each year, millions of people find out that they have skin cancer. Skin cancer is almost 100% curable if found early and treated right away. It is possible to prevent some types of skin cancer. Basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma are sometimes called non-melanoma skin cancer.
Maintaining and Restoring Your Youthful Experience | Keller Plastic Surgerydrkellersurgery
Maintaining our appearance is important. Having an appealing persona is valuable in a work environment or in our personal lives, no matter what our age. We feel better if we like our look.
As we mature, the structures of our face fall and we lose our facial volume. The end result is a "mad", "tired", or "sad" appearance. We are not projecting the happy persona that we really feel.
Our approach is not to simply "do a facelift", but to work at restoring the natural, beautiful or handsome persona that resides within each of us.
the 18th International Course in Modern Rhinoplasty techniques & Symposium The Cleft Lip Patient. 26, 27 & 28 October 2011 AMC Amsterdam
http://www.rhinoplastycourse.nl/
How To Correct and Prevent Sun Damaged SkinKenneth Dickie
Dr. Kenneth Dickie from Royal Centre of Plastic Surgery in Barrie, Ontario explained the basics of sun damage to skin, provided a quiz on "What Age is Your Skin" and discussed how to correct and prevent sun damage.
If you have any questions, please contact Dr. Kenneth Dickie at http://royalcentreofplasticsurgery.com/
Early Detection of Melanoma and Other Skin CancersSummit Health
This lecture provides an overview of skin cancer including risks, early detection, and treatment. Learn to identify the early signs of skin cancer. Melanoma and non-melanoma skin tumors will be discussed and prevention of skin cancer will be emphasized.
Biological considerations of maxillary and mandibular impressions/cosmetic de...Indian dental academy
Description :
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
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Rhinoplasty can be performed for cosmetic or functional purposes. The surgery can be classified as primary (performed for the first time) or secondary (revision), in which patients return for additional surgery to address over-resection, under-resection, delayed effects of shrink-wrapping, functional problems, and other complications. Furthermore, rhinoplasty can be performed via external (open) or endonasal (closed) approaches. Ultimately, rhinoplasty encompasses a diverse group of procedures
Knee anatomy and clinical tests 2024.pdfvimalpl1234
This includes all relevant anatomy and clinical tests compiled from standard textbooks, Campbell,netter etc..It is comprehensive and best suited for orthopaedicians and orthopaedic residents.
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
New Drug Discovery and Development .....NEHA GUPTA
The "New Drug Discovery and Development" process involves the identification, design, testing, and manufacturing of novel pharmaceutical compounds with the aim of introducing new and improved treatments for various medical conditions. This comprehensive endeavor encompasses various stages, including target identification, preclinical studies, clinical trials, regulatory approval, and post-market surveillance. It involves multidisciplinary collaboration among scientists, researchers, clinicians, regulatory experts, and pharmaceutical companies to bring innovative therapies to market and address unmet medical needs.
CDSCO and Phamacovigilance {Regulatory body in India}NEHA GUPTA
The Central Drugs Standard Control Organization (CDSCO) is India's national regulatory body for pharmaceuticals and medical devices. Operating under the Directorate General of Health Services, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, the CDSCO is responsible for approving new drugs, conducting clinical trials, setting standards for drugs, controlling the quality of imported drugs, and coordinating the activities of State Drug Control Organizations by providing expert advice.
Pharmacovigilance, on the other hand, is the science and activities related to the detection, assessment, understanding, and prevention of adverse effects or any other drug-related problems. The primary aim of pharmacovigilance is to ensure the safety and efficacy of medicines, thereby protecting public health.
In India, pharmacovigilance activities are monitored by the Pharmacovigilance Programme of India (PvPI), which works closely with CDSCO to collect, analyze, and act upon data regarding adverse drug reactions (ADRs). Together, they play a critical role in ensuring that the benefits of drugs outweigh their risks, maintaining high standards of patient safety, and promoting the rational use of medicines.
Thyroid Gland- Gross Anatomy by Dr. Rabia Inam Gandapore.pptx
De-projection of the nasal tip
1. De-projection of the Nasal Tip
D.J. Menger
International Course in Modern Rhinoplasty Techniques
The Netherlands
www.rhinoplastycourse.nl
2. Dear colleague,
This presentation illustrates the difference between nasal tip projection and tip rotation, it shows the
mechanisms that provide stability to the nasal tip and what happens if these support mechanisms fail.
Anatomical features that cause over-projection of the tip are discussed in addition to how de-projection
of the tip can be achieved; which surgical techniques are available, how and when should you use them
in order to reach the desired esthetical outcome.
CAUTION: This lecture contains pictures taken during surgery, which might be shocking. The lecture is
intended for colleagues and is part of the "International Course in Modern Rhinoplasty Techniques".
Dirk Jan Menger, MD
Course Director
The Netherlands
www.rhinoplastycourse.nl
3. In the assessment of the nasal tip there are two important factors to keep in mind:
1. The distance between the alar groove and the tip defining point, known as nasal tip projection. This
length should be in harmony with the length of the nose. On average the length of the nose should be 1,8
times longer than this nasal tip projection.
2. Nasal tip rotation or the nasolabial angle. In woman his angle should be between 90 and 120 degrees in
man 90 to 105 degrees.
Both rotation and projection should be in harmony with the rest of the face and with the height of the
nasal dorsum in particular.
www.rhinoplastycourse.nl
4. There are a couple of mechanisms that keep the nasal tip in place and provide stability and support. These
mechanisms can be divided into major and minor tip support mechanisms. The major support mechanisms
include the size, shape and resilience of the lower cartilages (LL) , they play an important role.
• Size, shape, and resilience of the lower lateral
cartilages
• Fibrous attachment of:
– the medial crura to the nasal septum
– the lateral crura to the upper laterals
www.rhinoplastycourse.nl
5. The fibrous attachments between the medial crura (MC) and the nasal septum and the attachments between
the lateral crura (LC) and the upper laterals (UL) are also part of the major support mechanisms.
• Size, shape, and resilience of the lower lateral
cartilages
• Fibrous attachment of:
– the medial crura to the nasal septum
– the lateral crura to the upper laterals
www.rhinoplastycourse.nl
6. Minor Tip Support Mechanisms: these include:
the septal dorsum, the interdomal ligament, the membranous septum, the nasal spine, the minor alar cartilages
and the attachments of the lower laterals (LL) to the soft tissue envelope.
• septal dorsum
• interdomal ligament
• membranous septum
• nasal spine
• minor alar cartilages of the LL
• attachments of the LL to the soft tissue envelope
www.rhinoplastycourse.nl
7. Loss of tip support mechanisms:
When one or more of the major or minor support mechanisms are disturbed due to rhinoplasty, trauma or
other causes: than the tip can drop downward causing de-projection and downward rotation.
www.rhinoplastycourse.nl
8. Some patients are born with insufficient nasal tip projection, like in this patient. There was under-projection of
the tip, a fleshy bulbous columella and a relative high nasal dorsum.
www.rhinoplastycourse.nl
9. Such a deformity of the nasal tip can easily be resorted and brought into better proportions with the use of
structural grafts to lengthen the tip, increasing its projection using a columellar strut graft, a shield-and tip onlay
grafts.
In this case also a bony- and cartilaginous hump reduction was performed in combination with spreader grafts and
micro-osteotomies
www.rhinoplastycourse.nl
10. pre- and post operative lateral view
www.rhinoplastycourse.nl
11. Iatrogenic de-projection/amputation:
Sometimes surgery itself causes de-projection or amputation of the nasal tip. This case illustrates a patient who
was referred due to multiple rhinoplasties in the past.
www.rhinoplastycourse.nl
12. In this case I had to remove all the scar tissue and remnants of grafts that were brought into the nose
in previous surgeries elsewhere, only the soft tissue envelope could be preserved. The entire
cartilaginous skeleton was rebuild using rib grafts and auricular composite grafts.
www.rhinoplastycourse.nl
13. This is an exceptional case, it shows that one should be careful when disrupting or manipulating major and minor
tip support mechanisms. During the surgical procedure they should always be restored in order to avoid
problems as outlined in this case.
pre- and postoperative frontal view.
www.rhinoplastycourse.nl
15. Back to the over-projected nasal tip:
Over-projection of the nasal tip is often caused by a combination of three features:
1. a strong nasal spine
2. long medial- and lateral crura
3. a high nasal septum
In general: in most patients with over projection of the nasal tip the cause is multi factorial and
therefore the surgical techniques to lower the tip too are multistep procedures. In the next up coming
slides surgical techniques to de-project the nasal tip will be discussed.
2 3
1
www.rhinoplastycourse.nl
16. Surgical Solutions:
complete transfixion
One of the easiest procedures is the complete transfixion incision. Due to this incision the attachment between
the medial crura and the septum is disturbed which causes de-projection of the tip.
www.rhinoplastycourse.nl
17. Surgical Solutions:
reduction of the anterior nasal spine
Another solution might be the reduction of the anterior nasal spine. Especially in patients with a strong spine in
combination with a short upper lip, this can give just enough de-projection to bring the tip in better harmony
with the rest of the nose and face.
www.rhinoplastycourse.nl
18. Surgical Solutions:
lowering the nasal septum
Some patients with too much tip projection have a very high nasal septum. By lowering the cartilaginous part of
the septum, the tip will de-projection as a result.
www.rhinoplastycourse.nl
19. Surgical Solutions:
Tripod Theory
The LL can be altered too, this is the basis for the tripod concept. The middle leg of the tripod is the MC,
the LC are the other two legs. One can imagine what happens if one or more legs are shortened:
shortening the middle leg will cause de-projection and downward rotation of the tip.
When only the lateral legs are shortened: the tip will de-project and rotate upwards.
H. Tschopp
www.rhinoplastycourse.nl
20. Surgical Solutions:
lateral crural overlay
Shortening of the lateral crura can be achieved using an interrupted strip, or a lateral crural overlay technique in
which the lateral crus is cut and sutured side to side.
www.rhinoplastycourse.nl
21. Surgical Solutions:
lateral- and medial crural overlay
The medial crura, they too can be shortened and placed side-to-side, medial crural overlay, or the so-called
“Lipsett maneuver”. The effect is twofold; downward rotation and de-projection of the nasal tip. When both LC -
and MC-overlay is performed, the rotation of the tip will not change, only de-projection will be achieved.
www.rhinoplastycourse.nl
22. Surgical Solutions
dome amputation with onlay tip graft
A more aggressive method to de-project the tip is to amputate the domes, suture them together and
camouflage the area with a small onlay graft.
www.rhinoplastycourse.nl
23. De-projection of the nasal tip, a multistep procedure:
As mentioned before, in many patients a multi-step procedure is necessary to achieve the desired post-operative
result.
For example this male patient with breathing problems. In this case a complete transfixion incision was
made, the nasal spine was reduced and the lateral- and medial crura were shortened using the crural overlay
technique as described earlier.
www.rhinoplastycourse.nl
24. The deviated and over-projected nose:
This patient had an over-projected tip and a strong deviation of the bony and cartilaginous dorsum to the right
due to nasal trauma.
External approach rhinoplasty: osteotomies, including intermediate on the left, septal
correction, spreader/splint on the left side, lateral- and medial crural overlay, reduction of the anterior nasal
spine.
www.rhinoplastycourse.nl
27. The deviated tension nose
This patient had breathing problems on the right side due to collapse of the mid-nasal third, hence the concave
area just cephalic of the LC. The dorsum was deviated to the left side, bifidity of the domes, over-projection of
the bony- and cartilaginous dorsum and nasal tip.
www.rhinoplastycourse.nl
28. The reason for this over-projection was threefold and caused by the combination of:
a strong nasal spine, relative long medial crura and
2
1
www.rhinoplastycourse.nl
29. a high nasal dorsum.
In the assessment of the surgical steps to be taken in order to reduce the over-projection in this case, again
multiple surgical procedures will be necessary:
• hump reduction / reduction of cartilaginous
septum
• osteotomies
– lateral / oblique
3 •
•
•
spreader graft right side
reduction anterior nasal spine
medial crural overlay
• tip refinement
– cephalic resection
– sutures trans- and interdomal
www.rhinoplastycourse.nl
30. 1. Lowering the nasal dorsum (hump reduction) and the nasal septum.
• hump reduction / reduction of cartilaginous
septum
• osteotomies
– lateral / oblique
• spreader graft right side
• reduction anterior nasal spine
• medial crural overlay
• tip refinement
– cephalic resection
– sutures trans- and interdomal
www.rhinoplastycourse.nl
31. 2. Oblique- and lateral osteotomies, for realignment and infraction of the nasal bones.
• hump reduction / reduction of cartilaginous
septum
• osteotomies
– lateral / oblique
• spreader graft right side
• reduction anterior nasal spine
• medial crural overlay
• tip refinement
– cephalic resection
– sutures trans- and interdomal
www.rhinoplastycourse.nl
32. 3. A spreader graft only on the right side to camouflage the concavity in the mid nasal third.
• hump reduction / reduction of cartilaginous
septum
• osteotomies
– lateral / oblique
• spreader graft right side
• reduction anterior nasal spine
• medial crural overlay
• tip refinement
– cephalic resection
– sutures trans- and interdomal
www.rhinoplastycourse.nl
33. 4. Reduction of the anterior nasal spine to reduce the "short and crowded upper-lip".
• hump reduction / reduction of cartilaginous
septum
• osteotomies
– lateral / oblique
• spreader graft right side
• reduction anterior nasal spine
• medial crural overlay
• tip refinement
– cephalic resection
– sutures trans- and interdomal
www.rhinoplastycourse.nl
34. 5. De-projection of the nasal tip was performed using medial crural overlay, the medial crura are sutured side to
side. Between the MC's a columellar strut is placed to stabilize the columellar complex.
• hump reduction / reduction of cartilaginous
septum
• osteotomies
– lateral / oblique
• spreader graft right side
• reduction anterior nasal spine
• medial crural overlay
• tip refinement
– cephalic resection
– sutures trans- and interdomal
www.rhinoplastycourse.nl
35. 6. Minimal cephalic resection of the LC followed by trans- and interdomal sutures to to camouflage the bifidity
of the nasal tip and to refine the tip defining region.
• hump reduction / reduction of cartilaginous
septum
• osteotomies
– lateral / oblique
• spreader graft right side
• reduction anterior nasal spine
• medial crural overlay
• tip refinement
– cephalic resection
– sutures trans- and interdomal
www.rhinoplastycourse.nl
36. 7. Finally a small radix graft (diced cartilage) is placed in the fronto-nasal angle, augmentation of this area gives
the illusion that the nasal bridge is less prominent.
• hump reduction / reduction of cartilaginous
septum
• osteotomies
– lateral / oblique
• spreader graft right side
• reduction anterior nasal spine
• medial crural overlay
• tip refinement
– cephalic resection
– sutures trans- and interdomal
• small radix graft
www.rhinoplastycourse.nl
39. pre- and postoperative views.
A less crowded upper-lip, de-projection and “softening” of the nasal tip, a slightly lower nasal dorsum that fits
better in her profile and minimal augmentation of the nasofronatal angle.
www.rhinoplastycourse.nl
40. This Patient had functional- and esthetic problems of the nose. Especially in the lateral view her nose was too
prominent. She had a short upper lip, too much projection of her nasal tip and a cartilaginous dorsum that was
relatively high.
www.rhinoplastycourse.nl
41. Pre- and postoperative lateral view after an external approach rhinoplasty. Hump reduction, oblique- and lateral
osteotomies, thin spreader grafts, reduction of the anterior nasal spine and caudal septum, de-projection of the
tip using medial- and lateral crural overlay, columellar strut and tip sutures.
www.rhinoplastycourse.nl
43. This patient had complaints of an irregular and over-projected nasal dorsum and tip. There was a concavity in
the mid nasal third on the right side and breathing problems due to a strong deviation of caudal nasal septum.
www.rhinoplastycourse.nl
44. A multi step procedure was performed using an external approach rhinoplasty:
hump reduction, oblique- and lateral osteotomies, spreader graft on the right side, septal correction, de-
projection of the tip using medial- and lateral crural overlay, columellar strut and tip sutures.
pre- and postoperative lateral view.
www.rhinoplastycourse.nl
45. pre- and postoperative basal view.
The septal deviation was reconstructed using a caudal septal splint graft.
www.rhinoplastycourse.nl
46. Caudal septal splint graft. This graft can be used to straighten severe septal deviations. The deviated area of the
nasal septum is first weakened by "scoring the cartilage" with a blade, than the graft is sutured to this area in
order to straighten and support the caudal septum.
www.rhinoplastycourse.nl
49. A long over-projected nose
This patient had a nose that was too long. There was over-projection and downward rotation of the nasal tip
and too much columellar show. She had previous rhinoplasty performed elsewhere, a hump was removed
trough an endonasal approach. Hence the open roof deformity due to insufficient osteotomies and infraction of
the nasal bones. There was a deviation of the mid nasal third to the left side and a concavity on the right side.
There was also bifidity and asymmetry of the tip defining points.
www.rhinoplastycourse.nl
50. Assessment:
Shortening of the nose by removing a strip of the caudal septum and upper laterals. A limited hump
removal, oblique- and lateral osteotomies to close the open roof. A spreader/splint graft on the right
side of the nasal septum to camouflage the concavity and to straighten the mid nasal third. De-
projected of the tip using a medial- and lateral crural overlay, a columellar strut graft, tip sutures to
smoothen her asymmetric tip.
www.rhinoplastycourse.nl
51. Another goal of surgery was to improve the eyebrow esthetic line to the tip defining points.
www.rhinoplastycourse.nl
52. pre- and postoperative oblique view.
A shorter nose, upward rotation of the nasal tip, de-projection of the tip and a smooth nasal dorsum.
www.rhinoplastycourse.nl
55. Conclusions, over-projection of the nasal tip is often multi-factorial.
The anatomical structures that are involved are the anterior nasal spine, the nasal septum and the
lower lateral cartilages.
• Over-projection of the nasal tip is often multi-factorial:
– nasal spine
– nasal septum
– lower lateral cartilages
www.rhinoplastycourse.nl
56. De-projection of the nasal tip requires a multistep procedure:
A rhinoplasty with detachment of tip support mechanisms and reduction of the anterior nasal spine,
the nasal septum and/or medial- and lateral crura. At the end of surgery the tip support mechanisms
should be restored in order to reach a balanced and stable long-term postoperative result.
• De-projection of the nasal tip requires a multistep procedure:
– detachment of tip support mechanisms
– reduction
• spine
• septum
• medial- and lateral crura
www.rhinoplastycourse.nl
57. Join us at the International Course in Modern Rhinoplasty Techniques!
www.rhinoplastycourse.nl
www.rhinoplastycourse.nl