The document discusses the development of facial structures from prominences that appear around the fourth week of development. It describes how the frontonasal prominence forms parts of the forehead and nose. The maxillary prominences form parts of the upper lip, maxilla, and secondary palate. The mandibular prominences contribute to lower facial development. Specific structures that develop include the external nose, upper and lower lips, cheeks, primary and secondary palates, nasal cavity, eyes, and auricles. Congenital anomalies that can occur in facial development are also reviewed.

1. DEVELOPMENT OF FACE
PRESENTER- DR KAPIL AMGAIN

2. SCHEME OF PRESENTATION:
INTRODUCTION
 DEVELOPMENT OF FACE:
EXTERNAL NOSE
LOWER LIP
UPPER LIP
CHEEKS
PALATE
NASAL CAVITY
EYES IN BRIEF
AURICLE
 ANOMALIES


3. INTRODUCTION

4. 
The paired maxillary and mandibular prominences are produced mainly by
the expansion of neural crest populations that originate from the
mesencephalic and rostral rhombencephalic neural folds during the fourth
week.
These cells are the major source of connective tissue components, including
cartilage, bone, and ligaments in the facial and oral regions

5. 
The five facial primordia that appear as prominences
around the stomodeum are :

The single frontonasal prominence
The paired maxillary prominences
The paired mandibular prominences



6. 



The frontal part of the FNP forms the forehead; the nasal
part of the FNP forms the rostral boundary of the
stomodeum and nose .
Most of the upper lip, maxilla, and secondary palate form
from the maxillary prominences .
The primordial lips and cheeks are invaded by
mesenchyme from the second pair of pharyngeal arches,
which differentiates into the facial muscles.
The intermaxillary segment gives rise to: The middle part
(philtrum) of the upper lip,the premaxillary part of the
maxilla and its associated gingiva (gum), primary palate.

7. DEVELOPMENT OF EXTERNAL
NOSE


8. 

10. DEVELOPMENT OF UPPER LIP


12. DEVELOPMENT OF CHEEK

13. DEVELOPMENT OF THE PALATE

The palate develops in two stages:


The development of a primary palate
The development of a secondary palate

begins in the sixth week

14. Primary Palate
The primary palate forms the anterior/midline aspect of the maxilla, the
premaxillary part of the maxilla. It represents only a small part of the
adult hard palate (i.e., anterior to the incisive fossa).

15. SECONDARY PALATE

16. DEVELOPMENT OF NASAL CAVITY

17. DEVELOPMENT OF EYE



Optic grooves
Optic sulcus ( 22nd day)
optic vesicles ( 4th week )

18. optic stalks
Lens placodes
lens pits
lens vesicles
( 6th week)
optic cups

19. Auricle Development

20. AURICLE

21. CONGENITAL ANOMALIES






CONGENITAL ANOMALIES OF FACE:
1) HARE LIP ( CLEFT LIP) :
CENTRAL CLEFT UPPER LIP
LATERAL CLEFT UPPER LIP
BILATERAL CLEFT LIP
2) CENTRAL CLEFT LOWER LIP

22. CLEFT LIP

23. 


3) FACIAL CLEFT :
LATERAL FACIAL CLEFT
OBLIQUE FACIAL CLEFT

24. 
MACROSTOMIA

MICROSTOMIA

MANDIBULOFACIAL DYSOSTOSIS

25. 
AGNATHIA

HYPERTELORISM

PROBOSCIS

26. CONGENITAL ANOMALIES OF PALATE

CLEFT PALATE:

27. ANOMALIES OF AURICLE
AURICLE –
 TOTALLY ABSENT
 PARTIALLY ABSENT
 ISOLATED NODULES
 FAILURE OF MIGRATION
 AURICULAR SINUSES

28. DEVELOPMENT OF EYE
The eyes are derived from four sources:




The neuroectoderm of the forebrain
The surface ectoderm of the head
The mesoderm between the above layers
Neural crest cells

29. The neuroectoderm
 of the forebrain differentiates into the retina,
 posterior layers of the iris,
 optic nerve.
The surface ectoderm
 forms the lens of the eye and
 the corneal epithelium.

30. The mesoderm
 fibrous and vascular coats of the eye.

Mesenchyme is derived from mesoderm.
Neural crest cells
 differentiate into the choroid
 sclera
 corneal endothelium.