The document is a project report submitted by 4 students - Yash Ambekar, Jaykumar Desai, Yash Prajapati and Rocky Yadav - for their 4th semester Automobile Engineering course at Gujarat Technological University. The report details their project on developing a "Next Gen Biodiesel Engine" and includes sections on introduction, AEIOU sheets, empathy mapping, ideation canvas, product development canvas and a learning needs matrix. The summary focuses on providing a high-level overview of the contents and purpose of the report in 3 sentences or less.

1. GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
Chandkheda, Ahmedabad
Affiliated
K.J.I.T, Savali
A Project Report On
NEXT GEN BIODIESEL ENGINE
Under subject of DESIGN
ENGINEERING – IB B. E.
Semester – IV
AUTOMOBILE ENGINEERING
Submitted by:
Sr. Name of student Enrollment No.
1 Yash Prakashbhai Ambekar 130640102004
2 Jaykumar Lalit Desai 130640102015
3 Yash Arvindbhai Prajapati 130640102048
4 Rocky Jagdishbhai Yadav 130640102052
Mr. Ronak Suthar
(Faculty Guide)
Mr. Bhavin Pandya
(HOD)
Academic year
(2014-2015)

2. Contents
1. Introduction
Name of the team
About team members
About guide and mentor
What is Design Thinking?
2. AEIOU Sheets
Activities
Environment
Interactions
Objects
Users
3. Empathy Mapping
Users
Stakeholders
Activities
Story
4. Ideation Canvas
People
Activities
Situation/context
Props/Possible Solution
5. Product Development Canvas
Product Experience
Product Function
Components
People

3. Customer Revalidation
6. Learning Need Matrix (LNM) Theory
Purpose/Project Concept
Applicable Standards and Design Specifications
Component Materials’ strength Criteria
Software/Simulation/Skill/Mathematical Requirement
Tools/Methods/Theories/application Process Involved
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
To innumerable websites in the internet, and to all those who have uploaded
their knowledge, imaginations, ideas, graphic skills etc., on these websites.
Also, to all those from pre-historic days to today, who have registered their
knowledge, imaginations, thoughts etc., through different means and mediums.
Also Dr. M. Y. Vaijanapurkar M. E. , Ph. D (IIT Kh) and Mr. Ronak Suthar for
showing the correct path and guiding us.
Not forgetting other faculty of the college who gave their contribution till their
extent.

4. DECLARATION
We hereby declare that the DE-IB Report Submitted Along With The Canvas Sheets
Entitled “Next Gen Biodiesel Engine” In Partial Fulfillment For 4th Semester Automobile
Engineering Of GTU, Ahmedabad During The Academic Year 2014-15 under the supervision of
Mr. Ronak Suthar and that no part of these DE-IB reports has been directly copied from any
students reports or taken from any other source, without providing the reference.
YASH PRAKASHBHAI AMBEKAR (130640102004)
JAYKUMAR LALITKUMAR DESAI (130640102015)
YASH ARVINDBHAI PRAJAPATI (130640102048)
ROCKY JAGDISHBHAI YADAV (130640102052)

5. Internal Guide Head of Department
CERTIFICATE
This Is To Certify That DE-IB Report Submitted Along With The Canvas Sheets
Entitled “Next Gen Biodiesel Engine” Has Been Carried Out By Yash Ambekar,
Desai Jaykumar, Prajapati Yash and Rocky Yadav Under My Guidance In
Partial Fulfillment For 4th Semester Automobile Engineering Of GTU, Ahmedabad
During The Academic Year 2014-15.These Students Have successfully Completed DE-
IB activity under my guidance.

6. Internal Guide Head of Department
Yash Ambekar
Yash P. Ambekar is a student of Automobile Engg. Department of K.J.I.T
Savali. He has helped in gathering the information regarding the topic. He has good knowledge
about managing the finance. He has also helped in completing the Canvas Sheets neatly. His
sincerity regarding the project is appreciable. His contribution regarding the DE-IB is appreciable
and worthwhile.
Jay Desai
Jay L. Desai is a student of Automobile Engg. Department of K.J.I.T Savali.
He has got ability to handle the situation tactfully. He does not gets panic in any of the situation.

7. He patiently works with the group mates and listen to each and every opinion of the team. He has
got the ability to manage the team.His contribution regarding the DE-IB is appreciable and
worthwhile.
Yash Prajapati
Yash A. Prajapati is a student of Automobile Engg. Department of K.J.I.T
Savali. He has helped in collecting the basic information about the project. He has helped in
preparing the final Report for the same. He has good quality of creating the friendly environment
among the group mates. He works with the team mates without any expectations. His sincerity
regarding the project is appreciable. His contribution regarding the DE-IB is appreciable and
worthwhile.
Rocky Yadav

8. Rocky J. Yadav is a student of Automobile Engg. Department of K.J.I.T
Savali. He has got ability of finding handy solutions at critical stages, which are very helpful. His
compatibility with the Group mates is good and friendly. He creates humourous environment
while working. His sincerity regarding the project is appreciable. His contribution regarding the
DE-IB is appreciable and worthwhile.
Mr. Ronak Suthar
Mr. Ronak Suthar (M.E.) is the Asst. Professor in Mechanical Department
at K.J.I.T.,Savali.He is one of the devoted faculty of the department. He is very polite and has
good knowledge about his field. His happy to help nature is really appreciable. Without his
guidance this project was not possible. His Contribution at each level of this project is worthwhile.
Dr. M.Y. Vaijanapurkar (M.E. Ph.D, IIT, Kharagpur ) was the Principal
of K.J.I.T., Savali . He is one of the Best experienced faculty of the college. He is always happy

9. to help and guide the students regarding exams, projects ,etc. His guidance is very helpful and
worth.
His polite and positive attitude towards students is really appreciable. His Contribution at each
level of this project is worthwhile.

10. Design Thinking is human-centered
Design thinking has come to be defined as combining empathy for the context of a problem,
creativity in the generation of insights and solutions, and rationality in analyzing and fitting various
solutions to the problem context. According to our team the goal of Design Thinking is "matching
people’s needs with what is technologically feasible and viable as a business strategy". The premise
of teaching Design Thinking is that by knowing about how to successfully approach and solve
difficult, multi-dimensional problems - more specifically, effective methods to ideate, select and
execute solutions - individuals and businesses will be able to improve their own problem solving
processes and skills. There is also significant academic interest in understanding how designers
think and design cognition.
Design thinking is a formal method for practical, creative resolution of problems and creation of
solutions, with the intent of an improved future result. In this regard it is a form of solution-based , or
solution-focused thinking; starting with a goal (a better future situation) instead of solving a specific
problem. By considering both present and future conditions and parameters of the problem,
alternative solutions may be explored simultaneously. Cross asserted that this type of thinking most
often happens in the built, or artificial, environment (as in artifacts).
 Focus on people / customers and their needs and not on a specific technology or
other conditions.
 Methods therefore used are observations, interviews, brainstorming, prototyping…
 Innovating at the intersection of business, technology and people leads to radical,
new experience innovation.
 The user is the one to decide if a product or a service should exist or be established

11. In short Design Thinking is a process through which we can make or modify new technology for
betterment of common people.

12. AEIOU SHEETS
AEIOU Framework
AEIOU is a heuristic to help interpret observations gathered by ethnographic
practice in industry. Its two primary functions are to code data, and to develop
building blocks of models that will ultimately address the objectives and issues of a
client.
Taxonomies
AEIOU stands for 5 elements to be coded: Activity, Environment, Interaction,
Object, and User.
 Activities are goal-directed sets of actions—paths towards things people
want to accomplish. What are the modes people work in, and the specific
activities and processes they go through?
 Environments include the entire arena where activities take place. What is
the character and function of the space overall, of each individual's spaces,
and of shared spaces?
 Interactions are between a person and someone or something else; they
are the building blocks of activities. What is the nature of routine and
special interactions between people, between people and objects in their
environment, and across distances?
 Objects are building blocks of the environment, key elements sometimes
put to complex or unintended uses (thus changing their function, meaning
and context). What are the objects and devices people have in their
environments and how do they relate to their activities.
 Users are the people whose behaviors, preferences, and needs are being
observed. Who is there? What are their roles and relationships? What are
their values and prejudices?

13. Activities
Environment

14. Interactions
Objects

15. Users

16. EMPATHY MAPPING CANVAS
USERS:
PUBLIC
FARMERS
DESIGNERS
ENGINEERS
DEVELOPERS
MANUFACTURERS

17. STAKEHOLDERS:
TRANSPORTERS
EXPORTERS
AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRIES
LOCOMOTIVE INDUSTRIES
ACTIVITIES:
PRODUCTION OF BIO-DIESEL
REFINING OF SEEDS
TRANSESTERIFICATION
BLENDING
NEXT GEN. ENGINE
REFINMENT
CHANGED PIPING

18. NEW IGNITION SYSTEM

19. HAPPY
Biodiesel fuel is a renewable energy source unlike petroleum-based diesel. An excessive
production of soybeans in the world makes it an economic way to utilize this surplus for
manufacturing the Biodiesel fuel. One of the main biodiesel fuel advantages is that it is less
polluting than petroleum diesel. The lack of sulfur in 100% biodiesel extends the life of catalytic
converters. Another of the advantages of biodiesel fuel is that it can also be blended with other
energy resources and oil. Biodiesel fuel can also be used in existing oil heating systems and
diesel engines without making any alterations. It can also be distributed through existing diesel
fuel pumps, which is another biodiesel fuel advantage over other alternative fuels. The
lubricating property of the biodiesel may lengthen the lifetime of engines.
SAD
At present, Biodiesel fuel is bout one and a half times more expensive than petroleum diesel
fuel.It requires energy to produce biodiesel fuel from soy crops, plus there is the energy of
sowing, fertilizing and harvesting. Another biodiesel fuel disadvantage is that it can harm rubber
hoses in some engines. As Biodiesel cleans the dirt from the engine, this dirt can then get
collected in the fuel filter, thus clogging it. So, filters have to be changed after the first several
hours of biodiesel use. Biodiesel fuel distribution infrastructure needs improvement, which is
another of the biodiesel fuel disadvantages.

20. CONCLUSION:
1) Users are clearly mentioned and stakeholders are defined.
2) Activities regarding the project to be conducted step by step.
3) In story boarding it is clearly understood which part may be difficult and which
will be tactfully conquered.

21. IDEATION CANVAS:
PEOPLE:
PUBLIC
FARMERS
DESIGNERS
ENGINEERS
DEVELOPERS
MANUFACTURERS
ACTIVITIES:
PRODUCTION OF BIO-DIESEL
REFINING OF SEEDS
TRANSESTERIFICATION
BLENDING
NEXT GEN. ENGINE
REFINMENT
CHANGED PIPING
NEW IGNITION SYSTEM

22. SITUATION/CONTEXT:
PUBLIC TRANSPORT
PRIVATE VEHICLES
LOCOMOTIVES
INDUSTRIES
POWER PLANTS
AGRICULTURE
GENERATORS

23. PROPS/POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS:
BIO-DIESEL PRODUCTION:
SEED CRUSHERS
PUMPS
BLENDERS
FILTERS
REFINERS
ENGINE DESIGNING:

24. TOOL BOX
PIPE CUTTERS
MOULDS
DRILL MACHINE
BORING MACHINE

25. Should be considered for use as an alternative and not a primary fuel. Short and long
term environmental benefits will be worth while. Storage Issues with Stability and
Transportation issues with high cost of delivered fuel compared to fossil fuels. Fuel-
supply reliability. Lack of understanding of environmental impact – Nox emissions.
Complexity of biomass-power infrastructure compared to known well established coal
and natural gas markets.

26. PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT CANVAS PURPOSE:
AGRICULTURE
TRANSPORTATION
POWER GENERATION
PRODUCT EXPERIENCE:

27. SUBSIDY AVAILABLE
HIGH INITIAL COST
NOT WIDELY USED
PRODUCT FUNCTION:
RENEWABLE
SUSTAINABLE
LOWER EMISSIONS

28. COMPONENTS:
TITANIUM VALVES
HEAT EXCHANGER
POLYMER PIPE
FILTERS
FUEL INJECTORS
EXHAUST SYSTEM

29. PEOPLE:
PUBLIC
FARMERS
DESIGNERS
ENGINEERS
DEVELOPERS
MANUFACTURERS
ENVIRONMENTALISTS

30. CUSTOMER REVALIDATION
LESS AVAILABLE
ENVIRONMENT FRIENDLY
HIGH INITIAL COST

31. EQUALLY POWERFUL ENGINE AS COMPARED TO PRESENT ONES.

32. 75 years of diesel vehicles.B5 and B20 engine approvals. Most biodiesel applications =
heavy- and medium-duty vehicles. Biodiesel fueling of light-duty vehicles is less
common. Diesel engines = compression-ignited (CI).Gasoline engines = spark-ignited
(SI).More torque. Most diesel engines can run on biodiesel blends of 5% to 20% with
little or no modification. The use of conventional diesel leaves a deposit in the bottom of
fuel lines, tanks, and delivery systems over time. The use of biodiesel can dissolve this
sediment and result in the need to change filters more frequently when first using
biodiesel until the whole system has been cleaned of the deposits left by the conventional
diesel.
To make The Engine as light as possible and to increase the use of biodiesel so that the
fuel that are on verge of extinction finds the better alternative in the near future.
Learning NeedsMatrix (LNM) Theory

33. Description
A training/competency matrix is a tool used to document and compare the required
competencies for a position with the current skill level of the employees
performing the roles.
It is used in a gap analysis for determining where you have critical training needs
and as a tool for managing people development.
It can also be used in succession planning as a means of identifying employees
who have critical skills needed for promotion.
Benefits
• Provides a comprehensive view of all the skills and behaviors needed.
• Aids in managing your training budget because it identifies skill gaps across
your organization rather than just one person at a time.
• Assists with planning by helping you identify and target new skill areas that
you might need for the long term.
• Helps managers with development planning by providing a framework of
common skills required.
LNM Sheet

34.  In this sheet we studied various topics such as Performance parameters,
Basic construction Of diesel engine and it’s assembly, Parts and material
specifications, Properties Of oil (Soyabean oil, karanja, Mahua ,etc).
 Also we are able to justify and decide what Materials, Parts, software etc.
will be needed further.
 LNM Sheet helped us to decide various needs that will be helpful and handy
in further study.

35. REFERENCE
 www.ideo.com
 www.howstuffworks.com
 www.wikipedia.com
 www.biodiesel.org
 Internal Combustion engines By V.Ganesan.
 IC Engines by Mathur & Sharma.
 Automobile Engineering By Dr. Kirpal Singh.
 Alternative Fuels By Dr. Kirpal Singh.
 Also different books and other websites.
• Material compatibility—Depending on the engine make model and model
year, the engine components that come in contact with the fuel can be
made from incompatible materials.
• Oil dilution—A possibility exists with all engines that some fuel will make
its way into the engine’s crankcase and dilute the lubricating oil. Over time,
the accumulated fuel can amount to a significant proportion of the engine’s
oil capacity. What happens to the lubricating oil and engine components
that come into contact with the oil/fuel mixture can have an impact on
engine durability and longevity.

36. • Fuel injection equipment—Impacts on fuel injectors, filters and other fuel
system components can cause a significant deterioration in engine
performance.
• Emission control system—Emission aftertreatment systems, including
catalysts and particulate filters, can be negatively affected by biodiesel
fuels. Increased engine emissions or shortened durability of emission
components can result.
In the initial period of biodiesel commercialization, from the 1990s to the early
2000s, neat biodiesel was available at the pump in some geographical areas, for
example in Germany. Due to the fuel compatibility issues, the trend is to limit the
usage of biodiesel to low level blends. B5 blends have been generally accepted by
fuel injection and engine manufacturers worldwide. European car manufacturers
have reached a consensus to allow B7 as the maximum blend level. Adoption of
the ASTM D7467 standard opened the door for increased use of blends up to B20
in North America.