Dccn-Cellular Telephone And Satellite Networks and Global System for Mobile Communication

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GSM Architecture Mobile Station SIM: Subscribe Identity Module Mobile Equipment (ME) Base station Subsystem Mobile station (MS) Base Transceiver Station (BTS) Base Station Controllers (BSC) Network Switching Subsystem (NSS) Mobile Switching Center (MSC) Home Location Register (HLR) Visitor Location Register (VLR) Authentication center (AUC) Operation Support Subsystem Operation Maintenance Centers AMPS Satellite Categoriesa and Satellite Orbits Altitude

Data Communication
and Computer Networks
[EEE 314]
Mubashir Husain RehmaniMubashir Husain Rehmani
Assistant Professor
Department of Electrical Engineering
COMSATS Institute of Information Technology,
Wah Cantt, Pakistan

Cellular Telephone
And SatelliteAnd Satellite
Networks

GSM
Global System for MobileGlobal System for Mobile
Communication

GSM Architecture
Mobile Station
SIM: Subscribe Identity Module
Mobile Equipment (ME)
Base station Subsystem
Mobile station (MS)
Base Transceiver Station (BTS)Base Transceiver Station (BTS)
Base Station Controllers (BSC)
Network Switching Subsystem (NSS)
Mobile Switching Center (MSC)
Home Location Register (HLR)
Visitor Location Register (VLR)
Authentication center (AUC)
Operation Support Subsystem
Operation Maintenance Centers

AMPS
AMPS is an analog cellular phone
system using FDMA.

GSM is a digital cellular phone system
using TDMA and FDMA.using TDMA and FDMA.

The main goal of third-generation
cellular telephony is to provide
universal personal communication.universal personal communication.

Abstract –The energy efficiency has become more important in MIMO wireless communication system in recent days. The antennas at each end of the communications circuit are combined to minimize errors and optimize data speed. In Multiple Input Multiple Output Time Division Duplexing (MIMO TDD), by assuming reciprocity property the downlink transmission is based on uplink channel estimation. When more uplink pilot power ensures more accurate channel estimation and better downlink performance, it achieves higher energy consumption of mobile users. Link adaptation scheme uses different modulation schemes for different communication link quality. From the result of MIMO TDD, it ensures high Bit Error Rate.MIMO schemes are usually incorporated intoOFDM systems. The spatial and frequencyresource can be jointly allocated to improve EE.However, the complexity of the joint design may be prohibitive. This system is effective, in addition to that it also needs simple algorithms like energy efficiency optimization power allocation (EEOPA) algorithm of multiuser multiple input and multiple output (MU-MIMO) systems in order to obtain a trade-offbetween complexity and performance.

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Energy efficient wireless mac protocolsfor railway monitoring applicationsEcwaytech

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This paper investigate the transceiver design for single-user multiple-input multiple- output system (SU-MIMO). Joint transceiver design with an improper modulation is developed based on the minimum total mean-squared error (TMSE) criterion under two different cases. One is equal power allocation (EPA) and other is the power constraint that jointly meets both EPA and total transmit power constraint (TTPC) (i.e ITPC). Transceiver is designed based on the assumption that both the perfect and imperfect channel state information (CSI) is available at both the transmitter and receiver. The simulation results show the performance improvement of the proposed work over conventional work in terms of bit error rate (BER).

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This paper presents a possible method for enhancement of co-existence of an E-GSM system based network with a CDMA sustem based network, in border area between two countries. Since the frequency bands allocated for the deployment of previous mentioned networks can partially overlap and due to the fact that the downlink frequency band of CDMA system is in the same frequrency band as the uplink of E-GSM system, the co-existence of the systems represents a challenge for the spectrum enineering process. In this paper a method for sharing the frequency band between the two countries under discussion is presented, in order to offer an equitable access to limited spectrum resources. Under this approach, there are settled common technical principles of a coordination procedure between country A and country B.

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The quality of a wireless link can be described by three basic parameters, namely transmission rate, transmission range and transmission reliability. With the advent of multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) assisted Multicarrier code division multiple access (MC-CDMA) systems, the above-mentioned three parameters may be simultaneously improved. The MC-CDMA combined with the MIMO technique, has become a core technology for future mobile radio communication system. However, possible potential gain in spectral efficiency is challenged by the receiver’s ability to accurately detect the symbol due to inter symbol interference (ISI). Multipath propagation, mobility of transmitter, receiver and local scattering cause the signal to be spread in frequency, different arrival time and angle, which results in ISI in the received signal. This will affect overall system performance. The use of MC-CDMA mitigates the problem of time dispersion. However, still it is necessary to remove the amplitude and phase shift caused by channel. To solve this problem, a multiple antenna array can be used at the receiver, not only for spectral efficiency or gain enhancement, but also for interference suppression. This can be done by the, efficient channel estimation with strong equalization. This paper proposes MIMO MC-CDMA system, Minimum mean square error (MMSE) equalization with pilot based channel estimation. The simulation result shows improved Bit error rate (BER) performance when the sub carrier (SC) and antenna configuration were increased

Simulation and optimization of a tuneable rectangular microstrip patch antenn...

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In this paper, a tuneable rectangular microstrip patch antenna (MPA) is simulated and optimized to operate in four frequency bands of the next generation of wireless communication systems. The proposed design incorporates a copper radiating patch with four implanted graphene strips for tuning purposes. The reconfigurable surface impedance of graphene can easily be altered by applying a DC voltage bias directly to the graphene strips, allowing the operating frequency of the antenna to be tuned as desired. The capability of the applied voltage to tune the operating frequency band of the proposed antenna is studied via computer simulation technology (CST) microwave studio (MWS). Frequency selective surfaces (FSSs) are introduced in order to improve the radiation parameters of the antenna. The operating frequency band of the tuneable rectangular MPA increases directly as the applied DC voltage bias is increased. Based on the simulation results, a tuneable rectangular MPA placed between two FSSs is proposed for fifth-generation applications.

A COOPERATIVE LOCALIZATION METHOD BASED ON V2I COMMUNICATION AND DISTANCE INF...

IJCNCJournal

Relative positions are recent solutions to overcome the limited accuracy of GPS in urban environment. Vehicle positions obtained using V2I communication are more accurate because the known roadside unit (RSU) locations help predict errors in measurements over time. The accuracy of vehicle positions depends more on the number of RSUs; however, the high installation cost limits the use of this approach. It also depends on nonlinear localization nature. They were neglected in several research papers. In these studies, the accumulated errors increased with time due to the linearity localization problem. In the present study, a cooperative localization method based on V2I communication and distance information in vehicular networks is proposed for improving the estimates of vehicles’ initial positions. This method assumes that the virtual RSUs based on mobility measurements help reduce installation costs and facilitate in handling fault environments. The extended Kalman filter algorithm is a well-known estimator in nonlinear problem, but it requires well initial vehicle position vector and adaptive noise in measurements. Using the proposed method, vehicles’ initial positions can be estimated accurately. The experimental results confirm that the proposed method has superior accuracy than existing methods, giving a root mean square error of approximately 1 m. In addition, it is shown that virtual RSUs can assist in estimating initial positions in fault environments.

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In the current railway systems, it is becoming ever more necessary to have safety elements in order to avoid accidents. One of the important causes that can provoke serious accidents is the existence of obstacles on the tracks, either fixed or mobile. This project deals about one of the efficient methods to avoid train collision and obstacle detection. A GPS system is being used to pinpoint the location of faults on tracks. The project presents a solution, to provide an intelligent train tracking and management system to improve the existing railway transport service. The solution is based on powerful combination of mobile computing, Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM), Global Positioning System (GPS) technologies and software. The inbuilt GPS module identifies the train location with a highest accuracy and transfers the information to the central system. The availability of the information allows the train Controller to take accurate decisions as for the train location. Positioning data along with train speed helps the central system to identify the possible safety issues and react to them effectively using the communication methods provided by the system.

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