The document discusses various topics related to information systems and databases. It describes the role of database administrators in planning, designing, and maintaining databases. It also discusses popular database management systems, specialized database systems used in different industries, and factors to consider when selecting a database management system. Finally, it covers topics like data warehouses, data mining, business intelligence, distributed databases, and object-oriented databases.

1. Information System
Semester Presentation

2. Database Administration
 Role of the database administrator (DBA): plan,
design, create, operate, secure, monitor, and
maintain databases
 DBA works with both users and programmers
 A data administrator is responsible for defining
and implementing consistent principles for a
variety of data issues, including setting data
standards and data definitions; a nontechnical
position
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3. Popular Database
Management Systems
 Popular DBMSs for end users include Microsoft’s
Access and FileMaker Pro
 Complete database management software
market includes:
 Software for professional programmers
 Databases for midrange, mainframe, and
supercomputers
 Examples of open-source database systems:
PostgreSQL and MySQL
 Many traditional database programs are now
available on open-source operating systems
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4. Special-Purpose
Database Systems
 Some specialized database packages are used
for specific purposes or in specific industries
 Israeli Holocaust Database (www.yadvashem.org)
 Hazmat database
 Art and Antique Organizer Deluxe
 Special-purpose database by Tableau can be
used to store and process visual images
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5. Selecting a Database
Management System
 Important characteristics of databases to
consider
 Database size
 Database cost
 Concurrent users
 Performance
 Integration
 Vendor
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6. Using Databases with
Other Software
 DBMSs can act as front-end or back-end
applications
 Front-end applications interact directly with people
or users
 Back-end applications interact with other programs
or applications
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7. Database Applications
 Today’s database applications manipulate the
content of a database to produce useful
information
 Common manipulations are searching, filtering,
synthesizing, and assimilating the data contained
in a database using a number of database
applications
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8. Linking Databases to the
Internet
 Linking databases to the Internet is important for
many organizations and people
 Semantic Web
 Developing a seamless integration of traditional
databases with the Internet
 Allows people to access and manipulate a number
of traditional databases at the same time through
the Internet
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9. Data Warehouses, Data
Marts, and Data Mining
 Data warehouse: database that collects business
information from many sources in the enterprise,
covering all aspects of the company’s processes,
products, and customers
 Data mart: subset of a data warehouse
 Data mining: information-analysis tool that
involves the automated discovery of patterns
and relationships in a data warehouse
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10. Data Warehouses, Data Marts,
and Data Mining (continued)
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Figure 17: Elements of a Data Warehouse

11. Data Warehouses, Data Marts,
and Data Mining (continued)
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Table 8: Common Data-Mining Applications

12. Business Intelligence
 Business intelligence (BI): process of gathering
enough of the right information in a timely
manner and usable form and analyzing it to have
a positive impact on business strategy, tactics, or
operations
 Turns data into useful information that is then
distributed throughout an enterprise
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13. Business Intelligence
(continued)
 Competitive intelligence: aspect of business
intelligence limited to information about
competitors and the ways that knowledge
affects strategy, tactics, and operations
 Counterintelligence: steps an organization takes
to protect information sought by “hostile”
intelligence gatherers
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14. Distributed Databases
 Distributed database
 Database in which the data may be spread across
several smaller databases connected via
telecommunications devices
 Gives corporations more flexibility in how databases
are organized and used
 Replicated database
 Database that holds a duplicate set of frequently
used data
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15. Online Analytical
Processing (OLAP)
 Software that allows users to explore data from a
number of different perspectives
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16. Online Analytical
Processing (OLAP)
(continued)
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Table 9: Comparison of OLAP and Data Mining

17. Object-Oriented and Object-
Relational Database
Management Systems
 Object-oriented database:
database that stores both data and
its processing instructions
 Method: procedure or action
 Message: request to execute or run a
method
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Object
Oriented
Databases

18. Object-Oriented and Object-
Relational Database
Management Systems
(continued)
 Object-oriented database management system
(OODBMS): group of programs that manipulate
an object-oriented database and provide a user
interface and connections to other application
programs
 Object-relational database management system
(ORDBMS): DBMS capable of manipulating audio
video, and graphical data
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Object Oriented
Databases
(continued)

19. Visual, Audio, and Other
Database Systems
 Databases for storing images
 Databases for storing sound
 Virtual database systems: allow different
databases to work together as a unified
database system
 Other special-purpose database systems
 Spatial data technology: stores and accesses data
according to the locations it describes and permits
spatial queries and analysis
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20. Summary
 Database: a collection of integrated
and related files
 Hierarchy of data: bits, characters, fields,
records, files, and databases
 Key: a field or set of fields in a record
that is used to identify the record
 Database approach to data
management: a pool of related data is
shared by multiple application programs
 Data model: diagram of entities and
relationships
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21. Summary (continued)
 Relational model: describes data in which all
elements are placed in two-dimensional tables
called relations
 Database management system (DBMS): group of
programs used as an interface between a
database and application programs or a
database and the user
 Role of the database administrator (DBA): plan,
design, create, operate, secure, monitor, and
maintain databases
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22. Summary (continued)
 Data warehouse: database that collects business
information from all aspects of a company’s
processes, products, and customers
 Data mining: information-analysis tool for the
automated discovery of patterns and
relationships in a data warehouse
 Object-oriented database: database that stores
both data and its processing instructions
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