Data Exchange

Matoshri College of Engineering and Research Center,
Ekalahre, Nashik.
1
Course Code : 202042
Second Year – Mech. Engineering
By
Mr.H.B.Wagh
Mechanical Engineering Department
Subject: Solid Modeling and Drafting
Unit No V – CAD Data Exchange
Matoshri College of Engineering and Research Centre, Nashik

Content
Introduction
CAD Data File
CAD Data Conversion
Challenges in data conversion
Direct Data Translator
File Format
Data Quality
Matoshri College of Engineering and Research Centre, Nashik 2

Introduction
 Data exchange used to translate data between
different Computer-aided design (CAD) systems or
between CAD and other downstream systems
 Many companies use different CAD systems
internally and exchange CAD data with suppliers and
customers
 The exchange process targets the geometric
information of the CAD data but it can also target
other aspects such as manufacturing information,
tolerances and assembly structure.

CAD Data Exchange

Why do we need Data Exchange?
Design project require data to be shared between
suppliers.
Different companies used different CAD systems.
All CAD systems have their own database
formats.
They are mostly proprietary and often
confidential.
Data is stored in different ways e.g. 1.0,2.0,3.0 or
X1.0,Y2.0,Z3.0, etc.
Data conversion between systems becomes
necessary

Type of modeling data to be exchange
Shape -Geometrical and topological
information
Non-shape- Shaded images and measuring unit
of data based
Design –FEM/FEA
Manufacturing data -Tolerances and bill of
materials

CAD Data File
CAD is an image file format used by CAD
software programs and also creates 2D and 3D
designs for models or architecture plans.
CAD files hold information for these images;
2D CAD file is referred to as drawing.
3D files are called models, parts, or
assemblies.

CAD Data Conversion
The process of making that data compatible
with other CAD platforms.
2D to 3D
Data conversion is not just assists the right
data on fingertips, but also simplifies the entire
product development process.

Types of CAD data exchange
Direct model translation
Neutral file exchange

Direct model translation
 It is a CAD data exchange method when one CAD
format is directly translated into another.
 Translation is done by a CAD software which can
process and import files by other CAD systems.
 Major CAD systems, such as Solid Works, Creo, NX
and CATIA can directly read and/or write other CAD
formats.

Neutral file exchange(Indirect )
It utilizes intermediary file format which is not
specific to any of the CAD systems.
Converts native format to neutral format that all
CAD system interpret and understand.
Some neutral formats are defined by standards
organizations such as IGES and STEP while
others are proprietary but still widely used and are
regarded as quasi industry standards.

IGES (Initial Graphics Exchange Specification)
STEP(STandrad for Exchange of product Data)
ACIS
DXF
VDA – German AutomotiveIndustry
SET –Airbus
PDES – American fore-runner of STEP
STL
Data Formats

IGES(Initial Graphic Exchange Specification)
 Originated in late 1979 and initially published by the
American National Standards Institute (ANSI) in
1980 preceding the large-scale deployment of the
CAD technology in the industry.
 IGES format is the most used neutral format to
transfer data between heterogeneous CAD systems.
 Users can perform bi-directional data exchange
between dissimilar systems with direct and
automated access to IGES files.

STEP
STandard for the Exchange of Product model
data
Support of industrial automation.
It supports geometry and assembly structures
and handles topology (shells, solids) on export
and import.
STEP files are human readable
Other STEPAPs are available, e.g.
electronics data

ACIS
Used as kernel in number of commercial
CAD/CAM system.
Allows the exchange of solid, surface and
wireframe data via variety of neutral and
native formats including IGES,STEP in Pro/E,
Solid work,CATIA,Unigraphics

DXF/DWG(Data eXchange format)
 DXF format developed by AutoCAD.
 DXF3D-Translate CAD model(part file)
 DXF/DWG- translate drawing file.
 DXF/DWG not translate part file.

DXF File Structure
Header Section-includes dimension style and
layer
Tables Section- includes line style and user
defined coordinate system.
Block Section-includes drawing blocks
Entities Section-includes entity definition and
data.

STL(stereolithography)
 “Standard Triangle Language" and "Standard
Tessellation Language".
 STL format was developed by 3D Systems as a
neutral format to input geometric data into their 3D
printing systems.
 It represents the geometry as a series of
triangular facets
 Mostly used in Rapid Prototype,3D printing and CAM
system.

Data Quality
 The model data meet a certain set of criteria.
 In 3D geometry data translation it is important to
satisfy the topological and tolerance data of what we
are translating to.
 Even if all the topological and tolerance conditions
are taken into consideration, there are cases where
geometry errors occur.

Additive manufacturing (3D printing)
 It is a method of manufacture where layers of a
material are built up to create a solid object.
 Process of joining materials to make objects from 3D
model data, usually layer upon layer, as opposed to
subtractive manufacturing methodologies

Basic Steps of 3D Printing
 Create a CAD model of the design.
 Convert the CAD model to STL format.
 Slice the STL file into thin cross-sectional layers.
 Construct the object through layer by layer.
 Clean and finish the object if may required.

Additive Manufacturing (AM) is the process of
making 3D objects from computer model data
by joining materials layer by layer under
computer control using a 3D printer.

Fig.3D Printing

File format
 To print a 3D object, a 3D printer needs a digital
blueprint of the object.
 It is just a file that stores all the relevant data about
the object such as geometry, color, texture, and
materials.
 There are several file formats that can hold such data.
 These formats are known as 3D file formats.
Examples include STL, COLLADA, OBJ, FBX,
X3D, etc.

STL(stereolithography)
 “Standard Triangle Language" and "Standard Tessellation
Language".
 STL is one of the simplest open-source file formats.
 It supports both ASCII(American Standard Code for
Information Interchange) (larger file size, human-
readable) and binary (smaller file size) encodings.
 It can encode a 3D model’s geometry but has no support
for storing any other interesting object properties.
 Cannot store information about colors, textures, or
materials.

OBJ
 STL 3D printer file format cannot store color
information, the OBJ format is the preferred 3D printer
file format for multicolor printing.
 It is the Dominant Multicolor 3D Printing Format
 Originally used by 3D graphics designers as a neutral
interchange format for 3D graphics.
 OBJ 3D printer file format are its open source license
and simplicity.Matoshri College of Engineering and Research Centre, Nashik 29

Subtractive Manufacturing
Process in which parts are produced by
removing material from a solid block to produce
the desired shape.
This is primarily done using CNC machines,
which utilize various tools that are able to move
and cut in three dimensions.
Laser cutters are also commonly used for
subtractive manufacturing.
Electrical Discharge machining(EDM) is another
subtractive manufacturing process.Matoshri College of Engineering and Research Centre, Nashik 30

Subtractive Manufacturing

CAD (Computer Aided Manufacturing)
 Use of computer systems to assist in creation,
modification, analysis and optimization of a design.
 Computer assistance, while a designer converts his or
her ideas and knowledge, into a mathematical and
graphical model represented in a computer.
 software is used to create and design models.Software
Used:Autocad, Solidworks, Catia-V5

Uses of CADCAD is used to design a variety of different
products for a variety of fields such as
Factory Layout Design
Electronics
Automotive engineering
Industrial Design
Machinery

Computer Aided Manufacturing(CAM)
 Use of computers systems to plan, manage and
control the operations of a manufacturing plant
through either direct or indirect computer interface
with plant’s production resources.
 Manufacturing support applications –Use of
computers in process planning, scheduling, shop floor
control, work study, tool design, quality control etc.
 Software Used: MASTER cam, Del cam

Computer-Aided Engineering(CAE)
 CAE is the use of computer software to solve
engineering problems with the improvement of
graphics displays, engineering workstations, and
graphics standards.
 When combined with CAD, these automated analysis
and optimization capabilities are called computer-
aided engineering (CAE)
 Software Used: ANSYS Workbench, ANSYS APDL,
ANSYSS Fluent.Matoshri College of Engineering and Research Centre, Nashik 35

Finite element Analysis (FEA)
 Computational tool for performing engineering analysis.
 It includes the use of mesh generation techniques for dividing
a complex problem into small elements, as well as the use of
FEM algorithm.
 The finite element method (FEM) is a numerical
technique for solving problems which are described by
partial differential equations or can be formulated as
functional minimization
 e.g. Beam and Grid structures.
 Thermal analysis of a structure’s behavior when it is
subjected to heating and cooling.
 Combined structural and thermal analysis.

CAD Model
37
Load and
Boundary Condition
FEA Solution
Matoshri College of Engineering and Research Centre, Nashik

Mesh FEA Solution

Computational fluid Dynamics(CFD)
Method based on a quick and consistent
computational method to solve complicated fluid
flow and heat transfer problems.
CFD allows the product design personnel to decrease
the risks of potential design failures, improve their
engineering design, and thus deliver them with the
false competitive benefits in the market place.

Multi body Dynamics(MBD)
 MBD system is one that consists of solid bodies, or
links, that are connected to each other by joints that
restrict their relative motion.
 The study of MBD is the analysis of how mechanism
systems move under the influence of forces, also known
as forward dynamics.
 A study of the inverse problem, i.e. what forces are
necessary to make the mechanical system move in a
specific manner is known as inverse dynamics.

Multi body Dynamics

Computer-Aided Inspection (CAI)
 CAI is the use of computer-based software tools that
assist quality engineers, machinists and inspectors in
manufacturing product components.
 Its primary purpose is to create a faster production
process and components with more precise dimensions
and material consistency.
 CAI is a software tool that makes it possible to inspect
physical models using CAD programs.
 CAM creates real life versions of components designed
within a software package.

Data Exchange

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