The slide presents introduction to computer aided design and drafting, and introduction to AutoCAD software. 2D and 3D modelling using AutoCAD software is presented.
A course plan of CAD and CAE showing software familiarity of AUTOCAD, SOLIDWORKS, ANSYS, CATIA. The requirement of upskilling for mechanical engineering.
Autocad tutorial AutoCAD is a commercial computer-aided design (CAD) and drafting software application. Developed and marketed by Autodesk,[1] AutoCAD was first released in December 1982 as a desktop app running on microcomputers with internal graphics controllers.[2] Before AutoCAD was introduced, most commercial CAD programs ran on mainframe computers or minicomputers, with each CAD operator (user) working at a separate graphics terminal.[3] AutoCAD is also available as mobile and web apps.
A course plan of CAD and CAE showing software familiarity of AUTOCAD, SOLIDWORKS, ANSYS, CATIA. The requirement of upskilling for mechanical engineering.
Autocad tutorial AutoCAD is a commercial computer-aided design (CAD) and drafting software application. Developed and marketed by Autodesk,[1] AutoCAD was first released in December 1982 as a desktop app running on microcomputers with internal graphics controllers.[2] Before AutoCAD was introduced, most commercial CAD programs ran on mainframe computers or minicomputers, with each CAD operator (user) working at a separate graphics terminal.[3] AutoCAD is also available as mobile and web apps.
AutoCAD LT 2D CAD software is the perfect solution for designers and drafters who want an easy-to-use tool for creating drawings faster and with more precision. Cost-effective 2D CAD software for drafting, drawing and documentation. Cost-effective 2D CAD software for drafting, drawing and documentation.
CAD is one part of the whole Digital Product Development (DPD) activity within the Product Lifecycle Management (PLM) processes, and as such is used together with other tools, which are either integrated modules or stand-alone products, such as:
• Computer-aided engineering (CAE) and Finite element analysis (FEA)
• Computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) including instructions to Computer Numerical Control (CNC) machines
• Photo realistic rendering and Motion Simulation.
• Document management and revision control using Product Data Management (PDM).
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Between Filth and Fortune- Urban Cattle Foraging Realities by Devi S Nair, An...Mansi Shah
This study examines cattle rearing in urban and rural settings, focusing on milk production and consumption. By exploring a case in Ahmedabad, it highlights the challenges and processes in dairy farming across different environments, emphasising the need for sustainable practices and the essential role of milk in daily consumption.
AutoCAD LT 2D CAD software is the perfect solution for designers and drafters who want an easy-to-use tool for creating drawings faster and with more precision. Cost-effective 2D CAD software for drafting, drawing and documentation. Cost-effective 2D CAD software for drafting, drawing and documentation.
CAD is one part of the whole Digital Product Development (DPD) activity within the Product Lifecycle Management (PLM) processes, and as such is used together with other tools, which are either integrated modules or stand-alone products, such as:
• Computer-aided engineering (CAE) and Finite element analysis (FEA)
• Computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) including instructions to Computer Numerical Control (CNC) machines
• Photo realistic rendering and Motion Simulation.
• Document management and revision control using Product Data Management (PDM).
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Whether you’re looking to create a guest house, a rental unit, or a private retreat, our experienced team will design a space that complements your existing home and maximizes your investment. We provide personalized, comprehensive expert accessory dwelling unit (ADU)drafting solutions tailored to your needs, ensuring a seamless process from concept to completion.
Between Filth and Fortune- Urban Cattle Foraging Realities by Devi S Nair, An...Mansi Shah
This study examines cattle rearing in urban and rural settings, focusing on milk production and consumption. By exploring a case in Ahmedabad, it highlights the challenges and processes in dairy farming across different environments, emphasising the need for sustainable practices and the essential role of milk in daily consumption.
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In today's digital era, the dynamics of brand perception, consumer behavior, and profitability have been profoundly reshaped by the synergy of branding, social media, and website design. This research paper investigates the transformative power of these elements in influencing how individuals perceive brands and products and how this transformation can be harnessed to drive sales and profitability for businesses.
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Methodologically, this research employs a comprehensive approach, combining qualitative and quantitative analyses. Real-world case studies illustrate the impact of branding, social media campaigns, and website redesigns on consumer perception, sales figures, and profitability. We assess the various metrics, including brand awareness, customer engagement, conversion rates, and revenue growth, to measure the effectiveness of these strategies.
The results underscore the pivotal role of cohesive branding, social media influence, and website usability in shaping positive brand perceptions, influencing consumer decisions, and ultimately bolstering sales and profitability. This paper provides actionable insights and strategic recommendations for businesses seeking to leverage branding, social media, and website design as potent tools to enhance their market position and financial success.
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You could be a professional graphic designer and still make mistakes. There is always the possibility of human error. On the other hand if you’re not a designer, the chances of making some common graphic design mistakes are even higher. Because you don’t know what you don’t know. That’s where this blog comes in. To make your job easier and help you create better designs, we have put together a list of common graphic design mistakes that you need to avoid.
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7. Now…. with
computer
CAD (Solid
Modeling)
Engineerin
g Drawing
Manufacturin
g
CAA (Computer
Aided Analysis)
CAM (Computer
Aided
Manufacturing)
/Direct
Manufacturing
CAD is a starting point of everything!
Check, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer-
11. In this course, we will
cover
CAD (Solid
Modeling)
Engineerin
g Drawing
Manufacturin
g
CAA (Computer
Aided Analysis)
CAM (Computer
Aided
Manufacturing)
/Direct
Manufacturing
12. What is CAD?
Originally CAD includes any techniques that use
computers in the design process including drafting,
stress analysis and motion analysis.
But over the last 35 years, CAD has come to refer more
specifically to Computer Aided Design and Drafting.
CAD program/software is an electronic tool that
enables you to make quick and accurate orthogonal
and 3D drawings with the use of a computer software
packages.
Computer drawings are neat, clean, highly presentable,
and can be modified easily.
With CAD, parts or components can be modeled,
visualized, revised, and improved on the computer
screen before any engineering drawings have been
Computer Aided Design (CAD)
13. Capabilities of CAD
Some of the important capabilities of using CAD
are;
1) Presentations
- You can create fine drawings with
presentation symbols and text styles.
- You can use CAD program to make on
screen presentations.
2) Flexibility in editing
- CAD provides the flexibility to make quick
alterations to drawings
- Some of the editing capabilities are such as;
move or copy drawing elements, enlarge or
reduce size of a drawing, make multiple
copies of a drawing, change units of measure
14. 3) Units and accuracy level
- CAD program allows you to work with
great accuracy. You can also work with
different units of measure, such as
architectural units, engineering units,
scientific units and surveyor units.
4) Storage and access of drawings
- It is quick and convenient to organize
CAD drawings. You can have thousands of
drawings on a computer’s hard disk and
you can open any one of them within
seconds.
Capabilities of CAD (Cont.)
15. 5) Sharing CAD drawings
- The drawings can be shared by a number of
users, allowing them to coordinate projects and
work as a team. This is accomplished by
connecting different computers via a network.
You can also publish your drawings on the
Internet and collaborate CAD projects using a
web site.
6) Project reporting
- The computer can be used to prepare project
reports.
7) Engineering analysis
- There is a separate category of programs
Capabilities of CAD (Cont.)
16. 8) Computer aided manufacturing (CAM)
- CAM is a common method of
manufacturing used by large corporations.
- These systems import CAD drawings into
CAM programs to automate the
manufacturing process.
Capabilities of CAD (Cont.)
17. CAD Drawbacks
•Initial cost of hardware and software
•Need to re-train staff
•Computers may crash and drawings are lost
•Security of files; files may be hacked
•Need to update software
Fig: Line drawing
plus rendering
18. CAD Models
A CAD model is a computer representation
of an object or part.
It contains all of the design information
including geometry, dimensions,
tolerances, materials and manufacturing
information.
CAD models replace the paper blueprints
and engineering drawings
The simplest model used in CAD is a 2D
model. This model is essentially the
computer graphics equivalent to an
orthographic projection.
19. CAD Models (Cont.)
A 3D model is the most general model used
in CAD software. This model is equivalent to
an isometric view.
2 basic types of 3D models are wire frame
and surface models.
In a 3D wire frame model, only edges of the
object are represented.
A 3D surface model defines the object in
terms of surfaces such as plates (flat) and
shells (curved) in addition to edges.
20. Solid Modeling
The current state of the art in CAD, is the
most sophisticated method of
representing an object.
Unlike wire frame or surface models, a
solids model represents an object in the
virtual environment just as it exists in
reality, having volume as well as surfaces
and edges. In this way, the interior of the
object is represented in the model as well
as the outer surfaces.
21. Use of solid models
Can be used for stress analysis, heat
transfer analysis, fluid flow analysis, and
computer aided manufacturing.
In the manufacturing process, to
automatically generate machine tool paths to
machine an object.
To simulate the removal of material from an
initial block of material on the computer
Can be linked to Computer Numerical
Control (CNC) machine to carry out the
removal of material automatically allowing
many identical parts to be machined based
directly on the solid models.
22. CAD Process
Two types of activities: synthesis and
analysis.
Synthesis is largely qualitative and
hard to capture on computer.
Analysis can be greatly enhanced with
computers
Once analysis is complete, design
evaluation- rapid prototyping
Software packages for design
optimization
23. Components of CAD/CAM/CAE
Systems
Major component is
hardware and software
allowing shape
manipulation:
Hardware includes graphic
devices and their peripherals
for input and output
operations.
Software includes program
packages that manipulate or
analyze shapes according to
user interaction.
24. Hardware Components
Graphic device is composed of a display
processing unit, a display device, and one
or more input devices
Input devices:
Mouse
Space ball
Data tablet with a puck or stylus
Keyboard
Output Devices:
Plotters
Color laser printers
25. Software Components
CAD software allows the designer
to create and manipulate a shape
interactively and store it.
CAM software plans, manages and
controls the operations of a
manufacturing site
CAE software analyzes design
geometry, allowing designer to
study product behavior.
26. Rapid Prototyping
Layer by layer fabrication of
3D physical models from
CAD.
Fast and inexpensive
alternative for producing
prototypes and functional
models.
Build parts in thin layers.
Minimum operation time;
typically runs unattended.
Rapid Prototyping
has surgical
applications
In addition to providing 3D visualization for
digitally rendered items, it can be used to test
the efficiency of a part/product design before
manufacturing in large quantities.
28. CAD software
• AutoCAD, SolidWorks, Pro/Engineer,
CATIA, ……
• Which one is the best?
Depends what you want.
• In this course, we are reliant on AutoCAD
software.
30. Cont.
AutoCAD is an abbreviation stands for Automated
Computer Aided Design/ Drawing /Drafting which is
an application software that designers (Engineers &
Architects) use in their daily design activities and it by
far, helps in reducing the bulk of work to be done, had
the design been with ruler and pencil.
The use of CAD process provides enhanced graphics
capabilities which allows any designer to:
Conceptualize his ideas
Modify the design very easily
Perform animation
Make design calculations
Use colures, fonts and other aesthetic features
31. Advantage of AutoCAD
AutoCAD enhances the productivity and
quality of designs.
Drawings get prepared in relatively
shorter duration.
Reduced the manpower requirement .
AutoCAD software is cost effective and
highly affordable.
Designs can be drawn with greater
accuracy.
Facilitates easy modification and revision
32. I. Drawing Area: To provide space to prepare a drawing.
II. Menu Area: To allow the entry of various commands for
preparing the drawings.
III. Command Area: It consists number of dialog boxes which can
be utilized for preparing the drawings.
IV. Tool Area: To allow selection of various options for the drawing.
AutoCAD package utilize four areas on the screen:
34. HOW AutoCAD WORKS
There is a co-ordinate system used in
AutoCAD.
Every drawing shows its co-ordinate.
There is so many commands like copy,
move ,rotate ,mirror in 2D, array , offset,
chamfer, fillet & more.
Different types of drawing can be made in
the same time by using a command that is
LAYER.
Using line , arc , circle , rectangle , ellipse &
35. Co-Ordinate System
Every thing that we draw in AutoCAD is exact.
All object drawn on screen is based on simple X-Y
coordinate system.
In AutoCAD it is known as world co-ordinate system (WCS).
We are drawing a line, so we have two points A(-10,-4) and
B(9,6). As shown in figure.
36. UCS vs WCS
The AutoCAD world is 3 dimensional. However, if
we want to draw a 2d object, such as a plan or a
section, we will use only 2 dimensions (x and y).
WCS (world coordinate system) is the imaginary
plane that is parallel to the ground. It is the default
coordinate system.
Modifications made to the World Coordinate
System (WCS) result in a User Coordinate System
(UCS). It is the plane that you work on. It enables
the user to draw 3 dimensional objects.
To create a new UCS, type ‘ucs’ on the command
window, then say New and specify 3 points on your
37. Angle Measurement in AutoCAD
Positive degrees are measured counter clockwise
starting from 3 o’clock that means from positive x-
axis. Clockwise angle measurement results negative
degree.
38. Way to Provide Commands
1. Keystrokes/ Using Key
Board
2. Drop Down Menu
3. Shortcut Icons
54. Direct Distance Entry & Object Tracking
Direct Tracking (ORTHO): Direct distance
entry. Constrains cursor movement to the
horizontal or vertical.
Polar Tracking (POLAR): Polar distance
entry.
Object Snap Tracking.