Data Communication
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This document provides an overview of data communications. It discusses the key components of data communication systems including senders, receivers, messages, transmission mediums, and protocols. It describes different types of data flow such as simplex, half-duplex, and full-duplex. It also discusses analog and digital signals and different transmission mediums including guided mediums like coaxial cable and fiber optics, as well as unguided wireless mediums. Finally, it provides information on common networking devices including modems, hubs, switches, and routers.
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This document provides information about computer networks and networking concepts. It defines what a computer network is and some examples. It then discusses different types of networks including LAN, MAN, and WAN. It also covers topics like clients, servers, network devices, transmission media, protocols, and network topologies. The key points covered include the purpose of computer networks to share resources, examples of networks like the Internet, and definitions of fundamental networking components and concepts.
Dc assignment
The document discusses different topics related to data communication and computer networks. It defines data transmission modes as simplex, half-duplex, and full-duplex. It also discusses data signals, digital signals, analog signals, computer networks, the OSI model, TCP/IP model, broadband and baseband transmission, data modulation techniques, and sources of transmission impairment. The document serves to summarize key concepts from a class lecture on data communication.
Data Communication
This document summarizes different types of network transmission modes, signals, and networking concepts. It describes simplex, half-duplex, and full-duplex transmission modes. It also defines analog and digital signals, and discusses the internet, intranets, MAC addresses, NICs, LANs, MANs, CANs, and WANs. The document concludes by covering the differences between IP and MAC addresses, physical versus logical addresses, IP address classes, and thanking the reader.
Assignment 02
The document discusses key concepts in data communication including the five main components of a data communication system (message, sender, receiver, transmission medium, protocol). It also defines different transmission modes (simplex, half-duplex, full-duplex), signal types (analog, digital), networking devices (modem, hub, switch, router), IP address classes, the 7 layers of the OSI model, and common modulation methods and transmission impairments.
Assignment 2
The document discusses various topics related to computer networks including transmission modes, Internet, intranet, network interface cards, MAC addresses, IP addresses, types of area networks, analog and digital signals, hubs, switches, and routers. It explains that there are three transmission modes: simplex, half-duplex, and full-duplex. It also defines Internet, intranet, network interface cards, MAC addresses, IP addresses, local area networks (LANs), metropolitan area networks (MANs), and wide area networks (WANs). The document concludes by describing analog and digital signals as well as network devices like hubs, switches, and routers.
2.pptx
This document provides an overview of data communication and computer networks. It discusses:
- The key components of a data communication system including the message, sender, receiver, transmission medium, and protocols.
- Types of data transmission including parallel, serial, synchronous, asynchronous, analog, and digital.
- Network devices like hubs, switches, repeaters, and bridges and their functions in connecting and transmitting data in a network.
- Challenges of data transmission including attenuation, distortion, noise, and their solutions.
(computer Networks it) by gulshan k maheshwari qau
The document discusses various topics related to computer networks including:
1. Data transmission can be analog or digital. Analog transmits continuous signals while digital transmits pulses. Digital provides higher transmission speed and integrity.
2. Common network topologies include bus, star, ring and tree. The bus topology connects all devices to a central cable. The star topology connects all devices to a central hub. The ring topology forms a closed loop connecting all devices.
3. Network devices like hubs, switches and routers are used to connect computers in a network. Hubs provide a central connection point. Switches and routers are more intelligent and send data only to the intended recipient.
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Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
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Data Communication
- 2. CONTENTS Introduction to data communication. Components of data communication Data flow:- Simplex, Half duplex, Full deplex Signals:- Analog and Digital signals. Transmission media:- Guided and Unguided media Networking devices
- 3. WHAT IS DATA COMMUNICATIONS? Exchange of data between two devices via some forms of transmission medium(such as wire cable) is Data Communications. For data communications to occur, the communicating devices must be part of a communication system made of a combination of hardware and software. The effectiveness of a data communication system depends on four fundamental characteristics:- delivery, accuracy, timeliness and jitter.
- 4. COMPONENTS OF DATA COMMUNICATION: 1.Sender 2.Receiver 3.Message 4.Tramsmission Medium 5. Protocol
- 5. THE FIVE COMPONENTS OF DATA COMMUNICATION ARE: 1. Message - It is the information to be communicated. Popular forms of information include text, pictures, audio, video etc. 2. Sender - It is the device which sends the data messages. It can be a computer, workstation, telephone handset etc. 3. Receiver - It is the device which receives the data messages. It can be a computer, workstation, telephone handset etc. 4. Transmission Medium - It is the physical path by which a message travels from sender to receiver. Some examples include twisted-pair wire, coaxial cable, radio waves etc. 5. Protocol - It is a set of rules that governs the data communications. It represents an agreement between the communicating devices. Without a protocol, two devices may be connected but not communicating.
- 6. DATA FLOW
- 7. DATA FLOW CAN OCCUR IN THREE WAYS: 1. Simplex:In simplex mode,the communication is unidirectional.only one of the devices on a link can transmit, the other can only receive. e.g. keyboards,monitors,etc. 2. Half-duplex:In this mode,each station can both transmit and receive,but not at the same time.When one device is sending,the other can only receive,and vice-versa. e.g. walkie-talkies etc.
- 8. 3.Full Duplex : In full duplex mode, both stations can transmit and receive simultaneously. One common example of full duplex is the Telephone network. When two people are communicating by a telephone line, both can talk and listen at the same time. The full-duplex mode is used when communication in both directions is required all the time.
- 9. SIGNAL S There are two types of signals to transfer data. Signals Analog signal Digital signal
- 10. ANALOG SIGNALS An analog signal are continuous and passes through or includes an infinite number of continuous values along its path. The curve representing the analog signal passes through an infinite number of points.
- 11. DIGITAL SIGNALS: A digital signal can have only a limited number of defined values. Although each value can be any number,it is as simple as 1 and 0.
- 12. TRANSMISSION MEDIA The means through which data is transformed from one place to another is called transmission or communication media. There are two categories of transmission media used in computer communications.
- 13. TYPES OF TRANSMISSION MEDIA Transmission Media Guided Media Unguided Media
- 14. GUIDED MEDIA Guided media are the physical links through which signals are restricted to narrow path. These are also called guide media. Bounded media are made up of a external conductor (Usually Copper) bounded by jacket material. Bounded media offer high speed, good security and low cost. Three common types of bounded media are used for the data transmission. These are • Coaxial Cable • Twisted Pairs Cable • Fiber Optics Cable
- 15. UNGUIDED MEDIA Unguided media or wireless media doesn't use any physical connectors between the two devices communicating. Usually the transmission is send through the atmosphere. The three types of wireless media are: Radio waves Micro waves Infrared waves
- 16. DEVICES USED IN NETWORKING Mainly four devices are used in networking:- Modem Hub Switch Router
- 18. MODEM Amodem is a device that modulates an analog carrier signal to encode digital information and also demodulates such a carrier signal to decode the transmitted information. The goal is to produce a signal that can be transmitted easily and decoded to reproduce the original digital data. Modems can be used over any means of transmitting analog signals, from light emitting diodes to radio. There are two types of modem:- 1. internal modem 2. external modem
- 19. HUB A common connection point for devices in a network. Ahub contains multiple ports. When a packet arrives at one port, it is copied to the other ports so that all segments of the LAN can see all packets.
- 20. SWITCH A network switch is a small hardware device that joins multiple computers together within one local area network (LAN). Network switches appear nearly identical to network hubs, but a switch generally contains more intelligence than a hub. Unlike hubs, network switches are capable of inspecting data packets as they are received, determining the source and destination device of each packet, and forwarding them appropriately. By delivering messages only to the connected device intended, a network switch conserves network bandwidth and offers generally better performance than a hub.
- 21. ROUTER A router is a device that forwards data packets between computer networks, creating an overlay internetwork. A router is connected to two or more data lines from different networks. When a data packet comes in on one of the lines, the router reads the address information in the packet to determine its ultimate destination. Then, using information in its routing table it directs the packet to the next network on its journey. Routers perform the "traffic directing" functions on the Internet. A data packet is typically forwarded from one router to another through the networks that constitute the internetwork until it gets to its destination node.
- 22. ROUTER