Pakistan's foreign policy is guided by its history, geography, and aspirations. Its key principles are developing friendly relations, safeguarding security and geostrategic interests, resolving the Kashmir issue, promoting Pakistan's image, and protecting economic and expatriate interests. Quaid-e-Azam envisioned a policy of peace, fairness, and support for oppressed peoples. Pakistan's foreign policy has passed through phases including non-alignment, Western alliance, bilateralism, and addressing contemporary issues like terrorism and Afghanistan. Key relationships include close ties with China and Muslim countries, complicated ties with the US, and improving but still complex relations with India.

1. PREPARED BY:
ANUM CHAUDHARY
Pakistan Foreign Policy
Non-Alignment Era

2. Foreign Policy
• Every nation adopts an attitude and mode of
action towards other states which suits its
peculiar circumstances and interests.

3. What is Foreign Policy?
“The foreign policy is establishment
and development of relations with
other countries in order to protect the
national interests by taking appropriate
steps at international level.”

4. Description of Foreign Policy
• "The foreign policy of a country is in a
sense a projection of its internal policies
i.e. social, political and economic."
BY: F.M. Muhammad Ayub Khan
• Foreign policy dictates how a country will
act with respect to other countries
politically, socially, economically, and
militarily, and to a somewhat lesser
extent, how it behaves towards non-
state actors.

5. PAKISTAN 'S FOREIGN POLICY
Pakistan 's foreign policy is guided by its history,
geographical location and the aspiration of its
people. It is also responsive to regional and
international imperatives. Given the persistent
challenges, Pakistan has opted for a proactive
foreign policy. While there are elements of
continuity in the foreign policy, as they should
be, there is also a change of emphasis and
nuance. The essence of Pakistan's Foreign
Policy are:-

6. • Develop friendly relations with all countries
particularly the Muslim world, major powers and
immediate neighbors.
• Safeguard vital security and geo-strategic interests
of Pakistan.
• Resolve the core issue of Jammu and Kashmir in
accordance with the resolutions of the UN Security
Council and wishes of the Kashmiri people.
• Promote the image of Pakistan as a strong,
dynamic, progressive, moderate and democratic
Islamic country.
• Augment economic and commercial interests
abroad.
• Protect the interests of Pakistan 's expatriate
community abroad.

7. Quaid’s Vision on foreign policy of
Pakistan
• Our foreign policy is one of friendliness and goodwill
towards all the nations of the world.
• We do not cherish aggressive designs against any
country or nation.
• We believe in the principle of honesty and fair play in
national and international dealings and are prepared
to make our utmost contribution to the promotion of
peace and prosperity among the nations of the world.
• Pakistan will never be found lacking in extending its
material and moral support to the oppressed and
suppressed peoples of the world, and in upholding the
principles of the United Nations Charter."

8. Principles Of Pak F.P - In vision of
Quaid
1. Peaceful Co-existence
2. Non-Alignment
3. Unite Nations Charter
4. Bilateralism
5. Support to Right of
Self-Determination
6. Unity of Islamic
World
7. De- Weaponisation
8. Establishment of
Peace
9. Good Relations with
Neighbours
10.International and
Regional
Cooperation

9. Objectives of Pakistan’s Foreign Policy
• Safeguard of National Integrity
• Defense of ideological frontiers
• Economic development
• National honour
• Respect for international law
• Implementation of accords
• Friendly relation with Muslim Countries

10. Foreign Policy Making Agencies of Pakistan
• Administrative Troika
1. President
2. Prime Minister
3. Chief of Army Staff
• Ministry of Foreign Affairs
• Intelligence Agencies
• Political Parties and Pressure Groups
• Parliament

11. Phases of Foreign Policy of
Pakistan
• Phase – I: 1947-53: Non Aliened years
• Phase – II: 1953-62: Alliance with the West
• Phase – III: 1962-1971 Transition
• Phase – IV: 1971-1979 Bilateralism
and nonalignment
• Phase – V: 1980-90 Afghan-Crisis and US Ally
• Phase – VI: 1990-2001: Post-Cold War Era
Pakistan’s Dilemmas
• Phase –VII: 2001-Date: Pakistan and Counter
Terrorism

12. 1972-1979 Bilateralism and
Non-alignment
• Pakistan withdrew from commonwealth and SEATO.
• Became a member of Non-allied summit in 1979.
• East –Pakistan break up as a separate state.
• India signed a peace agreement with Pakistan due to
this break up.
• Pakistan ties their relationship with China.
• Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto also visited United States with
intention to strengthen the relationship between two
countries.
• Due to Pakistan’s nuclear project and burning down US
embassy in 1979 their relationship was put to lowest
point.

13. Kashmir Issue
• India and Pakistan have fought at least three
wars over Kashmir
• Indo-Pakistani Wars of 1947, 1965, 1999
• Pakistan Believes that the international
Community, in particular the United Nations and
the major powers , have an important role to
play in persuading India to stop it repression
against the Kashmiris and respect human rights.
• More than 65,000 Kashmiris have been martyred
and over 90,000 are missing.

14. Support of Occupied Kashmiris

15. Relation with Muslim Countries

16. Nuclear Issue

18. Elements Affecting Foreign Policy
• The political organization found in a country also
greatly influences the foreign policy. For example
under authoritarian systems quick foreign policy
decisions are taken.
• The press also plays a vital role in foreign policy
formulation process.
• The nature of political accountability prevailing in a
system also greatly influence the foreign policy of the
state.
• The leadership also plays a vital role in the shaping of a
country’s foreign policy.
• The great power structure prevailing in the world
politics also greatly influence the policy of a country.

19. Determinants of Pakistan’s Foreign
Policy
 Administrative Troika
1. President
2. Prime Minister
3. Chief of Army Staff
 Ministry of Foreign Affairs
 Intelligence Agencies
 Political Parties and Pressure Groups
 Parliament

20. Political Parties and Pressure Groups

21. Pakistan’s Relations with other
countries
Pakistan has good foreign relations with China, Iran,
Saudi Arabia and other countries of the Persian Gulf.
Pakistan has complicated and inconsistent relations
with the United States.
Relations between Pakistan and India have not been
great historically, but they are moving in the right
direction of late.
Relations between Pakistan and Russia have improved
over the past year or so. This has been a major
success in our foreign policy.

22. Thank You