1. Assignment
ON
Course Title:Data Communication
Course Code:CSE-313
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Submitted to:
Pranab Bandhu Nath
Lecturer
Department of CSE
City university
Submitted by:
Mst Mune Mala
ID:1834902095
Batch:49th(B)
Class work Data flow, Signals, Networking addressing, Devices
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Data Communication
Data communication is defined as exchanges of data between two devices via some form of transmission media such as cable,
wire or it can be air or vacuum also.
There are mainly five components of a data communication system:
1. Message2. Sender 3. Receiver 4. Transmission Medium 5.(Protocol)
Message :This is most useful asset of a data communication system.
Sender :To transfer message from source to destination, someone must be there who will play role of a source.
Receiver :It is destination where finally message sent by source has arrived. It is a device that receives message.
Transmission medium: It is physical path by which data or message travels from sender to receiver. Transmission medium
could be guided (with wires) or unguided (without wires), for example, twisted pair cable, fiber optic cable, radio waves,
microwaves, etc.
3. Protocol: the protocol is a set of rules that govern data
communication.
Simplex Mode:The communication is unidirectional, as on a one-way street. Only one of the two devices on a link can transmit,
the other can only receive.
Half duplex: half-duplex mode, each station can both transmit and receive, but not at the same time. When one device is sending,
the other can only receive, and vice versa. The half-duplex mode is used in cases where there is no need for communication in both
directions at the same time.
Full duplex: In full-duplex mode both stations can transmit and receive simultaneously.
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4. Signals
There are two types of signals in data transfer:
Analog signal:An analog signal is any continuous signal for which the time-varying feature of the signal is a representation of some other
time-varying quantity.
Digital Signal:is a signal that is being used to represent data as a sequence of discrete values; at any given time it can only take
on, at mostone of a finite number of values.
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5. Internet:A public network,A global system of interconnected computer network that use the internet protocol TCP/IP to link device worldwide.
Intranet:A private network that is contained within an enterprise.
NIC:NIC means network interface card,A network interface card (NIC) is a hardware component without which a computer cannot be connected
over a network.
Types of area networks:
LAN:LAN means Local Area Network,LAN connects network devices in such a way that personal computer and workstations
can share data,
tools and programs.
MAN:MAN means Metropolitan area Network,MAN covers a larger area than that of a LAN and smaller area as compared to
WAN. It connects
two or more computers that are apart but resides in the same or different cities.
WAN:WAN means Wide Area Network,WAN is a computer network that extends over a large geographical area, although it
might be confined
within the bounds of a state or country
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6. Modem: Modem is a device that enables a computer to send or receive data over telephone or cable lines. The main
function of the modem is to convert digital signal into analog and vice versa.
Hub: A common connection point for devices in a network. Hub contains multiple ports.
Switch: It is a small hardware device that joins multiple computers together within one local area network.
Router: Router is a device that routers data packets based on their IP address.
Networking Devices
A network address is an identifier for a node or host on a telecommunications network. Network addresses are designed to be
unique identifiers across the network, although some networks allow for local, private addresses, or locally administered
addresses that may not be unique. Network addressing are two types:
Physical: MAC address is called physical address, which is 48 bit.
Logical: IP address is called logical address, which is 32 bit. The range of IP address is 0-255. Range are classified in five
classes.
Class a: 1-126
Class b: 128-191
Class c: 192-223
Class d: 224-239
Class e: 240-255
Network addressing or Data addressing
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7. Loopback Address
Loopback address is a special IP address,127.0.0.1,reserved by inter NIC for use in testing network cards.This IP address corresponds
to the Software loopback interface of the network card,which does not have hardware associated with it,and does not require a
physical connection to a network.
Loopback IP Address:127.0.0.1
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Source-Class Lecture
