The document discusses network data models. It begins with an introduction to databases and describes the main types including hierarchical, network, entity-relational, and relational models. It then explains that the network model is an extension of the hierarchical model that allows data to have more than one parent node and establishes more relationships between data. Some key advantages are its conceptual simplicity, ability to handle many-to-many relationships, and ease of data access. However, it also has disadvantages like increased system complexity due to the use of pointers and difficulties with structural changes.
Database normalization is the process of refining the data in accordance with a series of normal forms. This is done to reduce data redundancy and improve data integrity. This process divides large tables into small tables and links them using relationships.
Here is the link of full article: https://www.support.dbagenesis.com/post/database-normalization
Database normalization is the process of refining the data in accordance with a series of normal forms. This is done to reduce data redundancy and improve data integrity. This process divides large tables into small tables and links them using relationships.
Here is the link of full article: https://www.support.dbagenesis.com/post/database-normalization
Functional dependencies in Database Management SystemKevin Jadiya
Slides attached here describes mainly Functional dependencies in database management system, how to find closure set of functional dependencies and in last how decomposition is done in any database tables
This is a slide on relational algebra. i have discussed some common operation of relational algebra. most impotently i have add all the sql of corresponding operation and also the syntax.
Functional dependencies in Database Management SystemKevin Jadiya
Slides attached here describes mainly Functional dependencies in database management system, how to find closure set of functional dependencies and in last how decomposition is done in any database tables
This is a slide on relational algebra. i have discussed some common operation of relational algebra. most impotently i have add all the sql of corresponding operation and also the syntax.
Introduction to Data and Information, database, types of database models, Introduction to DBMS, Difference between file management systems and DBMS, advantages & disadvantages of DBMS, Data warehousing, Data mining, Applications of DBMS, Introduction to MS Access, Create Database, Create Table, Adding Data, Forms in MS Access, Reports in MS Access.
Student POST Database processing models showcase the logical s.docxorlandov3
Student POST:
Database processing models showcase the logical structure of a database. The most commonly used model is the Relational database model that sorts the data in a table that consist of rows and columns. The column holds the attributes of the entity and rows hold the data of a particular instance of the entities. The major advantage of the Relational model is that it is in the table form and hence easier for users to understand, manage and work with the data. And, with the primary key and foreign key concepts, the data can be uniquely identified, stored in different entities and retrieved effectively with the relationships. The other advantage is that with the relational model, SQL language can be used to work with the data which is simple to understand and most widely used. The disadvantage of relational model could be the financial cost that is higher in comparison as the specific software needs to be in place and the regular maintenance needs to be performed that requires highly skilled manpower. And, the complexity of the database can be further increased when the volume of the data keep in increasing. Also, there is the limitation in the length of fields stored as different data types in relational model (Joseph & Paul, 2009).
The other processing model is the Object-oriented model that depicts database as the collection of objects. The advantage of this model is that it is compatible to work with complex data sets with the use of Object IDs and object-oriented programming. It’s disadvantage is that object databases are not commonly used and the complexity can hamper the performance of database. The other type of database model is the Entity-Relationship model which is mostly used for the conceptual design of database. It pictures the entities, several attributes that falls within the domain of that entity and the cardinality of relationship between them. It’s advantage is that the E-R diagram is easily understandable by the users at the first glance and thus can effectively work with the data in no time and can point out the discrepancies in the data. The other advantage is that it can be easily converted to other models if required by the business. The disadvantage of Entity-Relationship is that the industry standard notations for the diagram is not defined and thus can create confusion to the users. This model is only suitable for high-level database design (S.J.D.,2020).
2Nd Student POST :
Database models or commonly referred to as schemas help represent the structure of a database and its format which is run by a DBMS. Database model uses vary depending on user specifications.
Types of database models
1.
Network model
This network model uses a structure similar to that of a hierarchical model. The model permits multiple parents, which is a tree-like structure model. This model emphasizes two basic concepts; records and sets. Records hold file hierarchy and sets define the many-to-many relationship .
https://www.learntek.org/blog/types-of-databases/
Learntek is global online training provider on Big Data Analytics, Hadoop, Machine Learning, Deep Learning, IOT, AI, Cloud Technology, DEVOPS, Digital Marketing and other IT and Management courses.
Dbms lifecycle. ..Database System Development LifecycleNimrakhan89
The database development life cycle (DDLC) is a process of designing, implementing and maintaining a database system to meet strategic or operational information needs of an organisation or enterprise such as: Improved customer support and customer satisfaction. Better production management.
Stands for "Cascading Style Sheet." Cascading style sheets are used to format the layout of Web pages. They can be used to define text styles, table sizes, and other aspects of Web pages that previously could only be defined in a page's HTML.
HTML all tags .........its to much helpful for beginners Nimrakhan89
An HTML tag is a special word or letter surrounded by angle brackets, < and >. You use tags to create HTML elements , such as paragraphs or links. Many elements have an opening tag and a closing tag — for example, a p (paragraph) element has a <p> tag, followed by the paragraph text, followed by a closing </p> tag.
The <table> tag defines an HTML table. An HTML table consists of one <table> element and one or more <tr>, <th>, and <td> elements. The <tr> element defines a table row, the <th> element defines a table header, and the <td> element defines a table cell.
RDBMS. Stands for "Relational Database Management System." An RDBMS is a DBMS designed specifically for relational databases. ... A relational database refers to a database that stores data in a structured format, using rows and columns. This makes it easy to locate and access specific values within the database.
An HTML element is a type of HTML document component, one of several types of HTML nodes. HTML document is composed of a tree of simple HTML nodes, such as text nodes, and HTML elements, which add semantics and formatting to parts of document. Each element can have HTML attributes specified
threads and its types ....in operating system ..Nimrakhan89
There are two types of threads to be managed in a modern system: User threads and kernel threads. User threads are supported above the kernel, without kernel support. These are the threads that application programmers would put into their programs. Kernel threads are supported within the kernel of the OS itself.
What are communication skills? Communication skills are abilities you use when giving and receiving different kinds of information. Some examples include communicating ideas, feelings or what's happening around you. Communication skills involve listening, speaking, observing and empathizing....
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
2. Content List
1)Introduction Of Database
2)Types Of Database
3)Network Model database
4)Characteristics Of Network Model
5)Advantages Of Network Model
6)Disadvantages Of Network Model
3. Introduction Of Database
A Database Model Defines the logical design
& Structure of database & defines how data will
be stored,accessed & updated in a database
management system.While the relational
model is the widely used database model.
4. Types Of Databasess
Hierarchical Model
Network Model
Entity-Relational Model
Relational Model
5. Network Model Database
This is an Extention of the Hierarchical Model.In this
model data is organized more like a graph & are allowed
to have more than one parent node.
In this database model data is more related
as more relationships are established in this database
model. Also as the data is more related, hence
accessing the data is also easier & fast.
6. This database model was used to map many to
many data relationships.
This was the most widely used
database model, Before Relaional Model Was
Introduced.
8. Characteristics Of Network Model
More Better than Hierarchical Model.
Supports Many to many Relationships.
Many Parents can have Many child.
Many Child can Have many parents.
Entities Are Represented as Network.
Entities Can Have Multiple Parent Entities & Leads To
a Complex Structure.
9. Advantages
1)Conceptual Simplicity
Just like the hierarchical model, the Network model
is also conceptually simple & easy to design.
2)Capability To Handle More Relationships
The network model can handle the one to
many & many to many relationships which is real
help in modelling the real life situations.
3)Ease Of Data Access
The data access is easier and flexible than the
hierarchical model.
10. 4)Data Integrity
The network model does not allow a member
to exist without an owner.
5)Data Independence
The network model is better than the
hierarchical model in isolating the programs from the
complex physical storage details.
11. Disadvantages
1)System Complexity
All the records are Maintained using pointers &
hence the whole database structure becomes very
complex.
2)Operational Anomalies
The insertion,deletion & updating operations of
any record require large number of pointers adjustments.
3)Absence Of Structural Independence
Structural changes to the database is very
difficult.
