International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) is Peer reviewed, online Journal. It serves as an international archival forum of scholarly research related to engineering and science education.
Effect of infill walls on the seismic performance of the multistoried buildingseSAT Journals
Abstract The most commonly used structural system in our country for almost all types of building are multi-storey reinforced concrete frames with masonry infills. Therefore it is essential to understand the seismic behaviour of these structures when subjected to lateral forces. Several research works has been done on the masonry infilled reinforced concrete frames in the past decades. Mortar is used as a binder in normal brick construction in order to create continuous structural form and to bind together the individual units in brickwork. In the present study, analysis has been carried out by considering the increase in height of building from five to ten storied by using finite element software ANSYS 14.5. The seismic analysis of multi-storeyed building frames with infill walls and without infill walls are conducted. 3D analysis will give more realistic values of deflection and stresses. Since this type of study is not feasible in terms of analysis time taken, 2D model was adopted for the present study. A three bay two dimensional building frame is considered with the number of stories varying from 5 storied to 10 storied. The loading applied is as per IS 1893 (Part I): 2002. Equivalent diagonal strut method is adopted for modelling infill walls. The results showed that there is considerable decrease in deflection when infills are used in RC frames. Key Words: Deflection , Equivalent diagonal strut method, lateral load, Solid brick infills, Storey drift
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Effect of infill walls on the seismic performance of the multistoried buildingseSAT Journals
Abstract The most commonly used structural system in our country for almost all types of building are multi-storey reinforced concrete frames with masonry infills. Therefore it is essential to understand the seismic behaviour of these structures when subjected to lateral forces. Several research works has been done on the masonry infilled reinforced concrete frames in the past decades. Mortar is used as a binder in normal brick construction in order to create continuous structural form and to bind together the individual units in brickwork. In the present study, analysis has been carried out by considering the increase in height of building from five to ten storied by using finite element software ANSYS 14.5. The seismic analysis of multi-storeyed building frames with infill walls and without infill walls are conducted. 3D analysis will give more realistic values of deflection and stresses. Since this type of study is not feasible in terms of analysis time taken, 2D model was adopted for the present study. A three bay two dimensional building frame is considered with the number of stories varying from 5 storied to 10 storied. The loading applied is as per IS 1893 (Part I): 2002. Equivalent diagonal strut method is adopted for modelling infill walls. The results showed that there is considerable decrease in deflection when infills are used in RC frames. Key Words: Deflection , Equivalent diagonal strut method, lateral load, Solid brick infills, Storey drift
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Behaviour of 3 d rc frames with masonry infill under earthquake loads an ana...eSAT Journals
Abstract Moderate and astringent earthquakes have struck different places in the world, causing rigorous damage to reinforced concrete
structures. The bond between the structural elements and masonry in-fills of the building is habitually effected by Earthquake. The
voids between horizontal and vertical resisting elements of the building frame is filled by Masonry in-fills. An infill wall enhances
considerably the strength and rigidity of the structure. It has apperceived that frames with in-fills have more vigor and rigidity
compared to the bare frames Hence this study is about the demeanor of 3D-RC frames with and without masonry in-fills utilizing
E-TABS. parameters were studied like displacement, lateral load distribution, stiffness and overturning moment of the frames and
it is concluded that, the in-fill walls are needed to be considered while designing phase of the structures.
Keywords: Earthquake load, 3D RC Frame, Masonry In-Fill
Dynamic Analysis of Soft Storey Frame with IsolatorsIJMTST Journal
Soft storey buildings are very common in Indian housing construction and the bottom storey is left open without walls for car parking. Past earthquakes showed that these kinds of buildings performed poor and the damages are also heavy. As the base isolation is a technique developed to prevent or minimize damage to building during an earthquake, this study focuses on the time history analysis of a soft-storey building with and without lead rubber isolator. The soft-storey building with and without isolator is analysed using Elcenrto earthquake data and the dynamic characteristics are compared.
Analysis of rc framed structures with central and partial openings in masonry...eSAT Journals
Abstract In Reinforced concrete frames the masonry infill walls are a common practice in countries like India, where the region is prone to seismic activity. In general, the masonry infill walls are treated as nonstructural element in structural analysis and only the contribution of its mass for is considered and it’s structural parameters like strength and stiffness is generally ignored in practice, such an approach may lead to an unsafe design. Infill walls resist lateral loads but because of the openings in the infill wall the resistance may slightly reduce. The IS code provisions do not provide guidelines for the analysis and design of RC frames with infill wall and for different percentage of openings. In this study, an office or residential building outer side central opening or outer side partial openings are used and analysis is carried for Bare Frame model, infill walls without opening, infill walls with outer periphery central opening and infill wall with outer periphery partial opening models. In ETABS software G+14 RC framed building models has been prepared, Equivalent Static Lateral force method, Response spectrum method has been performed for analysis as per IS 1893 : 2002 including p-delta effects. Storey displacement, Storey shear, Storey drift, with soft storey considering the effects of infill wall with central and partial openings are the parameters considered in this study. For modeling, the Equivalent diagonal strut method has been used to find out the width of Strut using FEMA 273 .The results for bare frame, infill wall, and infill wall with central and partial openings are discussed and conclusions are made. Keywords: Equivalent diagonal strut, stiffness, Drift limitation
Structure failure often occurs in the structure of wall. This failure can adversely affect the comfort level of the structure. Knowing the behavior of structure resulting from the load is important, as it can help to predict the strength of the structure and comfort of the structure being worked on. One way to find out and predict the strength and comfort of the structure as a result of the load received is experimental test and simulation. The simulation VecTor2 used to predict the shear force, crack, and displacement of reinforced concrete wall when applied the load. This simulation considered the effect of bond stress-slip effect of behavior reinforced concrete. Bonds stress-slip gives a great influence on the strength and hysteretic response of the reinforced concrete wall. That is why this study considers the influence of bond stress-slip on reinforced concrete wall. All the result of simulation VecTor2 using bond stress-slip effect would be compared with the result of the experimental test to see the accuracy of the simulation test.
Effect of stiffeners on the lateral stiffness of infill frames with openingseSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF BRIDGE WITH TWO ENDS FIXED ON VERTICAL WALL USING FIN...IAEME Publication
The Finite element analyses are conducted to model the tensile capacity of steel fiber-reinforced concrete (SFRC). For this purpose bridge with two ends fixed one specimen are casted and tested under direct and uni-axial tension. Two types of aggregates (brick and stone) are used to cast the SFRC and plain concrete. The fiber volume ratio is maintained 1.5 %. Total 8 numbers of dog-bone specimens are made and tested in a 1000-kN capacity digital universal testing machine (UTM). The strain data are gathered employing digital image correlation technique from high-definition images and high-speed video clips. Then, the strain data are synthesized with the load data obtained from the load cell of the UTM.
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJESI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Engineering Science and Technology, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
OPTIMUM DESIGN OF SEMI-GRAVITY RETAINING WALL SUBJECTED TO STATIC AND SEISMIC...IAEME Publication
A 2D (Plain strain) wall‒backfill‒foundation interaction is modeled using finite element
method by ANSYS to find the optimum design based on the principle of soil-structure
interactions analyses. A semi-gravity retaining wall subjected to static and seismic loads has
been considered in this research. Seismic records which are obtained from the records of Iraq
for the period 1900-1988. The optimization process is simulated by ANSYS /APDL language
programming depending on the available optimization commands. The objective function of
optimization process OBJ is to minimize the cross-sectional area of the retaining wall. The
results showed that the optimum design method via ANSYS is a successful strategy prompts to
optimum values of cross‒sectional area with both safety and stability factors as compared with
other optimum design methods. Also, the results showed that the area of optimum section by
ANSYS method is lesser than the section area of the GAs algorithm , PSO, and CSS methods by
percentages are equal to 15.04%, 23.92%, and 25.33%; respectively, when
3.Additionally, from studying the effect of some parameters such as Compressive Strength of
Concrete (´
) and Yielding Strength of Steel ( on cross-sectional area and reinforced
area, is provided that the (´) and have small effect or do not effect on the value of crosssectional
area () and this is due to the lack of weight ratio of steel reinforcement to concrete
weight. Moreover, the yielding strength of steel has larger effect than compressive strength of
concrete in the reinforcement area.
Investigation of the Behaviour for Reinforced Concrete Beam Using Non Linear...IJMER
This study presents theoretical investigation that reinforced concrete and composite
construction might be suitably combined to give a new structural material : composite reinforced
concrete. To study theoretically the composite beam, non-linear three-dimensional finite elements
have been used to analyze the tested beam.
The 8-node brick elements in (ANSYS) are used to represent the concrete, the steel bars are modelled
as discrete axial members connected with concrete elements at shared nodes assuming perfect bond
between the concrete and the steel. The results obtained by finite element solution showed good
agreement with experimental results.
The main objective of the present investigation is to carry out a nonlinear analysis of reinforced
concrete beams resting on elastic foundation. Material nonlinearities due to cracking of concrete,
plastic flow, crushing of concrete and yielding of reinforcement are considered. Foundation
representation is assumed linear using Winkler model.
The reinforced concrete beam is modelled by using three dimensional finite elements with steel bars
as smeared layers. The examples have been chosen in order to demonstrate the applicability of the
modified computer program (Dynamic Analysis of Reinforced Concrete Beams on Elastic
Foundations DARCEF ) by comparing the predicted behaviour with that from other experimental and
analytical observations. The program modified in the present research work is capable of simulating
the behaviour of reinforced concrete beams resting of Winkler foundation and subjected to different
types of loading. The program solutions obtained for different reinforced concrete beams resting on
elastic foundations are in good agreement with the available results. Maximum percentage difference
in deflection is 15 %
This paper presents a study of finding the most effective position of RC structural
walls in an RC building to resist with seismic load. Structural walls without any opening
are used. By using Etabs, 5 models are created. Model 1 does not have any structural
wall. Model 2, 3, 4 and 5 consist of structural walls in different positions and they are
placed symmetrically in the plan view of the building. Story displacements, story-drifts
and overturning moments in x and y-directions are checked and compared to each other
to find the model which provides the highest stiffness. The calculation follows DPT
1302-61 code and Response spectrum equivalent static analysis method.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Product Marketing Management Services In. Pln (Persero) In ManadoIJMER
This study was conducted to determine how much influence marketing management product to the consumer's decision to buy the product in smart electrical services at PT. PLN (Persero) Manado area. The method used methods of quantitative analysis. The data analysis using the analysis of a single table and then testing the hypothesis using the Spearman Rank correlation studies seeking a relationship between two variables, namely the relationship between the variables X (Management product marketing services) and variable Y (Decision consumers). The population in this study amounted to 202 is a consumer and a sample of 67 respondents taro Yamane with a confidence level of 90%, 10% precision. Based on the results of the calculation of Spearman rank correlation coefficient, ie rs = 0.97, prove that there is a positive effect of the variable X (product marketing management services) with variable Y (Decision consumers) in a smart buying electrical products at. PLN (Persero) Manado area. The calculation of the coefficient of determination: (Kp = (rs) 2 x 100%) which shows the influence of variable X (Management product marketing services) with variable Y (Decision consumer) to purchase the product. The results obtained indicate Kp is equal to 94%, meaning that the presence of a smart electrical product marketing promotions, consumers / communities interested in using / buying smart electricity for their lighting needs at PT PLN (Persero) Manado Area. This is due to the influence of marketing management services to market products through smart electrical products marketing campaign that is sebsar 94%, while the remaining 6% is influenced by other factors not examined
Behaviour of 3 d rc frames with masonry infill under earthquake loads an ana...eSAT Journals
Abstract Moderate and astringent earthquakes have struck different places in the world, causing rigorous damage to reinforced concrete
structures. The bond between the structural elements and masonry in-fills of the building is habitually effected by Earthquake. The
voids between horizontal and vertical resisting elements of the building frame is filled by Masonry in-fills. An infill wall enhances
considerably the strength and rigidity of the structure. It has apperceived that frames with in-fills have more vigor and rigidity
compared to the bare frames Hence this study is about the demeanor of 3D-RC frames with and without masonry in-fills utilizing
E-TABS. parameters were studied like displacement, lateral load distribution, stiffness and overturning moment of the frames and
it is concluded that, the in-fill walls are needed to be considered while designing phase of the structures.
Keywords: Earthquake load, 3D RC Frame, Masonry In-Fill
Dynamic Analysis of Soft Storey Frame with IsolatorsIJMTST Journal
Soft storey buildings are very common in Indian housing construction and the bottom storey is left open without walls for car parking. Past earthquakes showed that these kinds of buildings performed poor and the damages are also heavy. As the base isolation is a technique developed to prevent or minimize damage to building during an earthquake, this study focuses on the time history analysis of a soft-storey building with and without lead rubber isolator. The soft-storey building with and without isolator is analysed using Elcenrto earthquake data and the dynamic characteristics are compared.
Analysis of rc framed structures with central and partial openings in masonry...eSAT Journals
Abstract In Reinforced concrete frames the masonry infill walls are a common practice in countries like India, where the region is prone to seismic activity. In general, the masonry infill walls are treated as nonstructural element in structural analysis and only the contribution of its mass for is considered and it’s structural parameters like strength and stiffness is generally ignored in practice, such an approach may lead to an unsafe design. Infill walls resist lateral loads but because of the openings in the infill wall the resistance may slightly reduce. The IS code provisions do not provide guidelines for the analysis and design of RC frames with infill wall and for different percentage of openings. In this study, an office or residential building outer side central opening or outer side partial openings are used and analysis is carried for Bare Frame model, infill walls without opening, infill walls with outer periphery central opening and infill wall with outer periphery partial opening models. In ETABS software G+14 RC framed building models has been prepared, Equivalent Static Lateral force method, Response spectrum method has been performed for analysis as per IS 1893 : 2002 including p-delta effects. Storey displacement, Storey shear, Storey drift, with soft storey considering the effects of infill wall with central and partial openings are the parameters considered in this study. For modeling, the Equivalent diagonal strut method has been used to find out the width of Strut using FEMA 273 .The results for bare frame, infill wall, and infill wall with central and partial openings are discussed and conclusions are made. Keywords: Equivalent diagonal strut, stiffness, Drift limitation
Structure failure often occurs in the structure of wall. This failure can adversely affect the comfort level of the structure. Knowing the behavior of structure resulting from the load is important, as it can help to predict the strength of the structure and comfort of the structure being worked on. One way to find out and predict the strength and comfort of the structure as a result of the load received is experimental test and simulation. The simulation VecTor2 used to predict the shear force, crack, and displacement of reinforced concrete wall when applied the load. This simulation considered the effect of bond stress-slip effect of behavior reinforced concrete. Bonds stress-slip gives a great influence on the strength and hysteretic response of the reinforced concrete wall. That is why this study considers the influence of bond stress-slip on reinforced concrete wall. All the result of simulation VecTor2 using bond stress-slip effect would be compared with the result of the experimental test to see the accuracy of the simulation test.
Effect of stiffeners on the lateral stiffness of infill frames with openingseSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF BRIDGE WITH TWO ENDS FIXED ON VERTICAL WALL USING FIN...IAEME Publication
The Finite element analyses are conducted to model the tensile capacity of steel fiber-reinforced concrete (SFRC). For this purpose bridge with two ends fixed one specimen are casted and tested under direct and uni-axial tension. Two types of aggregates (brick and stone) are used to cast the SFRC and plain concrete. The fiber volume ratio is maintained 1.5 %. Total 8 numbers of dog-bone specimens are made and tested in a 1000-kN capacity digital universal testing machine (UTM). The strain data are gathered employing digital image correlation technique from high-definition images and high-speed video clips. Then, the strain data are synthesized with the load data obtained from the load cell of the UTM.
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJESI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Engineering Science and Technology, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
OPTIMUM DESIGN OF SEMI-GRAVITY RETAINING WALL SUBJECTED TO STATIC AND SEISMIC...IAEME Publication
A 2D (Plain strain) wall‒backfill‒foundation interaction is modeled using finite element
method by ANSYS to find the optimum design based on the principle of soil-structure
interactions analyses. A semi-gravity retaining wall subjected to static and seismic loads has
been considered in this research. Seismic records which are obtained from the records of Iraq
for the period 1900-1988. The optimization process is simulated by ANSYS /APDL language
programming depending on the available optimization commands. The objective function of
optimization process OBJ is to minimize the cross-sectional area of the retaining wall. The
results showed that the optimum design method via ANSYS is a successful strategy prompts to
optimum values of cross‒sectional area with both safety and stability factors as compared with
other optimum design methods. Also, the results showed that the area of optimum section by
ANSYS method is lesser than the section area of the GAs algorithm , PSO, and CSS methods by
percentages are equal to 15.04%, 23.92%, and 25.33%; respectively, when
3.Additionally, from studying the effect of some parameters such as Compressive Strength of
Concrete (´
) and Yielding Strength of Steel ( on cross-sectional area and reinforced
area, is provided that the (´) and have small effect or do not effect on the value of crosssectional
area () and this is due to the lack of weight ratio of steel reinforcement to concrete
weight. Moreover, the yielding strength of steel has larger effect than compressive strength of
concrete in the reinforcement area.
Investigation of the Behaviour for Reinforced Concrete Beam Using Non Linear...IJMER
This study presents theoretical investigation that reinforced concrete and composite
construction might be suitably combined to give a new structural material : composite reinforced
concrete. To study theoretically the composite beam, non-linear three-dimensional finite elements
have been used to analyze the tested beam.
The 8-node brick elements in (ANSYS) are used to represent the concrete, the steel bars are modelled
as discrete axial members connected with concrete elements at shared nodes assuming perfect bond
between the concrete and the steel. The results obtained by finite element solution showed good
agreement with experimental results.
The main objective of the present investigation is to carry out a nonlinear analysis of reinforced
concrete beams resting on elastic foundation. Material nonlinearities due to cracking of concrete,
plastic flow, crushing of concrete and yielding of reinforcement are considered. Foundation
representation is assumed linear using Winkler model.
The reinforced concrete beam is modelled by using three dimensional finite elements with steel bars
as smeared layers. The examples have been chosen in order to demonstrate the applicability of the
modified computer program (Dynamic Analysis of Reinforced Concrete Beams on Elastic
Foundations DARCEF ) by comparing the predicted behaviour with that from other experimental and
analytical observations. The program modified in the present research work is capable of simulating
the behaviour of reinforced concrete beams resting of Winkler foundation and subjected to different
types of loading. The program solutions obtained for different reinforced concrete beams resting on
elastic foundations are in good agreement with the available results. Maximum percentage difference
in deflection is 15 %
This paper presents a study of finding the most effective position of RC structural
walls in an RC building to resist with seismic load. Structural walls without any opening
are used. By using Etabs, 5 models are created. Model 1 does not have any structural
wall. Model 2, 3, 4 and 5 consist of structural walls in different positions and they are
placed symmetrically in the plan view of the building. Story displacements, story-drifts
and overturning moments in x and y-directions are checked and compared to each other
to find the model which provides the highest stiffness. The calculation follows DPT
1302-61 code and Response spectrum equivalent static analysis method.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Product Marketing Management Services In. Pln (Persero) In ManadoIJMER
This study was conducted to determine how much influence marketing management product to the consumer's decision to buy the product in smart electrical services at PT. PLN (Persero) Manado area. The method used methods of quantitative analysis. The data analysis using the analysis of a single table and then testing the hypothesis using the Spearman Rank correlation studies seeking a relationship between two variables, namely the relationship between the variables X (Management product marketing services) and variable Y (Decision consumers). The population in this study amounted to 202 is a consumer and a sample of 67 respondents taro Yamane with a confidence level of 90%, 10% precision. Based on the results of the calculation of Spearman rank correlation coefficient, ie rs = 0.97, prove that there is a positive effect of the variable X (product marketing management services) with variable Y (Decision consumers) in a smart buying electrical products at. PLN (Persero) Manado area. The calculation of the coefficient of determination: (Kp = (rs) 2 x 100%) which shows the influence of variable X (Management product marketing services) with variable Y (Decision consumer) to purchase the product. The results obtained indicate Kp is equal to 94%, meaning that the presence of a smart electrical product marketing promotions, consumers / communities interested in using / buying smart electricity for their lighting needs at PT PLN (Persero) Manado Area. This is due to the influence of marketing management services to market products through smart electrical products marketing campaign that is sebsar 94%, while the remaining 6% is influenced by other factors not examined
In the present paper , we introduce and study the concept of gr- Ti- space (for i =0,1,2) and
obtain the characterization of gr –regular space , gr- normal space by using the notion of gr-open
sets. Further, some of their properties and results are discussed.
On ranges and null spaces of a special type of operator named 𝝀 − 𝒋𝒆𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏. – ...IJMER
In this article, 𝜆 − 𝑗𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 has been introduced which is a generalization of trijection
operator as introduced in P.Chandra’s Ph. D. thesis titled “Investigation into the theory of operators
and linear spaces” (Patna University,1977). We obtain relation between ranges and null spaces of two
given 𝜆 − 𝑗𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠 under suitable conditions.
Numerical Analysis of Header Configuration of the Plate-Fin Heat ExchangerIJMER
Numerical analysis of a plate fin heat exchanger accounting for the effect of fluid flow
maldistribution onthe inlet header configuration of the heat exchanger is investigated. In this analysis , it
was found that flow maldistribution has effect on the flow perpendicular to its velocity direction. The peak
velocity occurs in the central zone of the header while the velocityalong the perpendicular direction of the
inlet flow diminishes more and more. By this investigation,the results of the flow maldistribution are
presented for a plate fin heat exchangerwhich is reduced as compare to theexisting configuration of the
plate fin heat exchanger.
Experimental Investigation of the Residual Stress and calculate Average Fatig...IJMER
Shot peening procedures developed over the ago in substantial improvements of fatigue properties and Fatigue life. The use of shot peening on aluminium 7075-T6 plates to improve fatigue properties and improve resistance to stress on the corrosion cracking with help of glass beads and various peening methods. When these components subsequently are loaded in tension or bending to a
stress level in the range below the required for yield, the actual tensile stress at the surface is lower than
that calculated on the basis of load and cross sectional area. Fatigue are major problem which normally
start at or near the surface stressed in tension, thus processes that produce residual surface compressive
stresses in components usually enhance the resistance to fatigue. The impact of glass shots which create
resistance after the shot penning process carried out and also control the effects of failure on aluminium
alloys
Effect of Molybdenum Disulphide on Physical Properties of Neodymium-Iron-Boro...IJMER
The present paper reports the effect of molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) on magnetic and
mechanical properties of neodymium iron boron (NdFeB) bonded magnet. Powder metallurgy process
has been used to prepare the test samples containing 0.0, 0.5, 1, 1.5 and 2 percentage of MoS2. Compact
and hardness tests have been performed to measure the physical properties of samples. Saturation
magnetization, remanence and intrinsic coercivity have been checked using vibrating sample
measurement (VSM) test
In this paper, we give several new fixed point theorems to extend results [3]-[4] ,and we apply
the effective modification of He’s variation iteration method to solve some nonlinear and linear equations are
proceed to examine some a class of integral-differential equations and some partial differential equation, to
illustrate the effectiveness and convenience of this method(see[7]). Finally we have also discussed Berge type
equation with exact solution
Reduction of Topology Control Using Cooperative Communications in ManetsIJMER
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) is Peer reviewed, online Journal. It serves as an international archival forum of scholarly research related to engineering and science education.
Performance Based Evaluation of Shear Walled RCC Building by Pushover AnalysisIJMER
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) is Peer reviewed, online Journal. It serves as an international archival forum of scholarly research related to engineering and science education.
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) covers all the fields of engineering and science: Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Civil Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Computer Engineering, Agricultural Engineering, Aerospace Engineering, Thermodynamics, Structural Engineering, Control Engineering, Robotics, Mechatronics, Fluid Mechanics, Nanotechnology, Simulators, Web-based Learning, Remote Laboratories, Engineering Design Methods, Education Research, Students' Satisfaction and Motivation, Global Projects, and Assessment…. And many more.
Lateral Load Analysis of Shear Wall and Concrete Braced Multi-Storeyed R.C Fr...ijsrd.com
Generally RC framed structures are designed without regards to structural action of masonry infill walls present. Masonry infill walls are widely used as partitions. These buildings are generally designed as framed structures without regard to structural action of masonry infill walls. They are considered as non- structural elements. RC frame building with open first storey is known as soft storey, which performs poorly during strong earthquake shaking. Past earthquakes are evident that collapses due to soft storeys are most often in RC buildings. In the soft storey, columns are severely stressed and unable to provide adequate shear resistance during the earthquake. . In this study, 3D analytical model of twelve storeyed buildings have been generated for different buildings Models and analyzed using structural analysis tool 'ETABS'. To study the effect of infill, ground soft, bare frame and models with ground soft having concrete core wall and shear walls and concrete bracings at different positions during earthquake; seismic analysis using both linear static, linear dynamic (response spectrum method) has been performed. The analytical model of the building includes all important components that influence the mass, strength, stiffness and deformability of the structure.
Lateral Load Analysis of Shear Wall and Concrete Braced Multi-Storeyed R.C Fr...ijsrd.com
Generally RC framed structures are designed without regards to structural action of masonry infill walls present. Masonry infill walls are widely used as partitions. These buildings are generally designed as framed structures without regard to structural action of masonry infill walls. They are considered as non- structural elements. RC frame building with open first storey is known as soft storey, which performs poorly during strong earthquake shaking. Past earthquakes are evident that collapses due to soft storeys are most often in RC buildings. In the soft storey, columns are severely stressed and unable to provide adequate shear resistance during the earthquake. . In this study, 3D analytical model of twelve storeyed buildings have been generated for different buildings Models and analyzed using structural analysis tool 'ETABS'. To study the effect of infill, ground soft, bare frame and models with ground soft having concrete core wall and shear walls and concrete bracings at different positions during earthquake; seismic analysis using both linear static, linear dynamic (response spectrum method) has been performed. The analytical model of the building includes all important components that influence the mass, strength, stiffness and deformability of the structure.
Dynamic Response of High Rise Structures Under The Influence of Shear WallsIJERA Editor
This study presents the procedure for seismic performance estimation of high-rise buildings based on a concept of the capacity spectrum method. In 3D analytical model of thirty storied buildings have been generated for symmetric buildings Models and analyzed using structural analysis tool ETABS. The analytical model of the building includes all important components that influence the mass, strength, stiffness and deformability of the structure. To study the effect of concrete core wall & shear wall at different positions during earthquake, seismic analysis using both linear static, linear dynamic and non-linear static procedure has been performed. The deflections at each storey level has been compared by performing Equivalent static, response spectrum method as well as pushover method has also been performed to determine capacity, demand and performance level of the considered building models. From the below studies it has been observed that non-linear pushover analysis provide good estimate of global as well as local inelastic deformation demands and also reveals design weakness that may remain hidden in an elastic analysis and also the performance level of the structure. Storey drifts are found within the limit as specified by code (IS: 1893-2002) in Equivalent static, linear dynamic & non-linear static analysis.
Seismic evaluation of rc framed buildings with influence of masonry infill paneleSAT Journals
Abstract
RC framed buildings are generally designed without considering the structural action of masonry infill walls present. These walls are
widely used as partitions and considered as non-structural elements. But they affect both the structural and non-structural
performance of the RC buildings during earthquakes. RC framed building with open first storey is known as soft storey, which
performs poorly during earthquakes. A similar soft storey effect can also appear below plinth, when the ground material has removed
during excavation and refilled later. To observe the effect of masonry infill panel, it is modeled as an equivalent diagonal strut. In
order to study these six RC framed buildings with brick masonry infill were designed for the same seismic hazard. In the present paper
an investigation has been made to study the behavior of RC frames with various arrangement of infill when subjected to earthquake
loading. The results of bare frame, frame with infill, soft ground floor, soft basement and infill in swastika pattern in ground floor are
compared and conclusions are made. It is observed that, providing infill below plinth and in swastika pattern in the ground floor
improves earthquake resistant behavior of the structure when compared to soft basement.
Key words: masonry infill panel, bare frame, soft basement, diagonal strut.
Non-Linear Static Analysis of G+6 Storeyed RC Buildings with Openings in Infi...IJERA Editor
Masonry infill walls are commonly used in the RC frame structure buildings. Openings are inevitable part of the infill walls. Openings in infill walls significantly decrease the lateral strength and stiffness of RC frames. In the present study two-dimensional seven storeyed reinforced concrete (RC) building models are considered with of (5%, 25%, and 35% openings Bare frame and soft storey buildings are modeled considering special moment resisting frame (SMRF) for medium soil profile and zone III. Concrete block infill walls are modeled as pin-jointed single equivalent diagonal strut. Pushover analysis is carried out for both default and user defined hinge properties as per FEMA 440 guidelines using SAP2000 software. Results of default and user defined hinge properties are studied by pushover analysis. The results of ductility ratio, safety ratio, global stiffness, and hinge status at performance point are compared with the models. Authors conclude that as the percentage of openings increases, vulnerability increases in the infill walls. The user-defined hinge model is better than the default-hinge model in reflecting nonlinear behavior. The misuse of default-hinge properties may lead to unreasonable displacement capacities for existing structures. However, if the default-hinge model is preferred due to simplicity, the user should be aware of what is provided in the program and should avoid the misuse of default-hinge properties.
Out of Plane Behavior of Contained Masonry Infilled Frames Subjected to Seism...paperpublications3
Abstract: Brick masonry infill although considered as non-structural element largely affects the strength, stiffness and ductility of the reinforced concrete frames during the application of lateral loads due to wind or earthquake. Contained masonry refers here to the brick masonry which is used as infill in a reinforced concrete frame, wound round with 8mm diameter mild steel wires in vertical and horizontal directions and stitched to the brick masonry as well as to the reinforced concrete frames. This thesis focuses on the seismic behaviour of reinforced concrete structures with contained masonry infill, with a particular interest in the development of rational procedures for the analysis and design of RC frames with contained masonry infill. The estimation of the natural frequencies of the structural system is the basic investigation in dynamic analysis of a structure. Therefore the analysis is primarily to find out the modal frequencies of the structure and to simulate the mathematical model to earthquake loads. The structure vibrates in different modes when the earthquake takes place. The methodology suggested is to carry out a detailed study on the influence of contained masonry infill including un-reinforced masonry infill in multi-storey Reinforced Concrete frames on the fundamental natural frequencies and response due to various earthquake excitation forces. Numerical Finite element analysis is carried out on two dimensional Reinforced Concrete Frames under different configurations of contained masonry infill in addition to plain masonry and bare frames. The RC frames were designed and detailed as per relevant Indian standard codes. The present work consists of study of the behaviour of five storeyed RC frames infilled with contained masonry and also infilled with plain masonry, subjected to various earthquake excitation forces. Three types of models are considered for analysis; five storey frames of 4m wide, 5m wide and 6m wide models having total height of 16m with plain masonry infill and contained masonry infill are considered.
Importance of Modeling of Masonry Infill and Effect of Soft Storey on Seismic...ijsrd.com
RC framed high rise buildings are generally designed without considering the structural action of masonry infill walls present. These walls are widely used as partitions and considered as non-structural elements. But they affect both the structural and non-structural performance of the RC buildings during earthquakes. RC framed building with open first storey is known as soft storey, which performs poorly during earthquakes. A similar soft storey effect can also appear, at intermediate storey level if a storey used as a service storey. The soft storey located in the lower part of the high rise building especially the ground storey is undesirable as it attracts severely large seismic forces. At the same time, the soft storey located in the upper part of the high rise building does not significantly affect. To study the effect of masonry infill and its modeling technique with different soft storey level, 6 Models of R C framed building were analyzed with two different techniques of modeling of masonry infill with one type of shear wall when subjected to earthquake loading. Technique one is showing more strength and stiffness than two and an attempt is made to develop relationship between strength and stiffness ratios for linear trend line.
NONLINEAR BEHAVIOR AND FRAGILITY ASSESSMENT OF MULTI-STORY CONFINED MASONRY W...IAEME Publication
This paper presents numerical study analysis and the results of confined masonry walls. The studied parameters were number of bays, number of stories, and openings of walls. It was showed that the window opening could reduce the lateral capacity of the solid by ranges of 7-27% for one bay wall, 6-30% for two bay walls, and 11-26% for three bays wall. The door opening could reduce the solid wall capacity by ranges of 11-42% for one bay wall, 13-49% for two bay walls, and 23-44% for three bays wall. This paper presents the most significant contributions in the field of vulnerability assessment. It is shown that methodology is very useful for assessing the seismic vulnerability of confined masonry structures for estimating the cyclic load induced economic losses based on an engineering demand parameter closely related to structural damage.
Similar to Anartificial Neural Network for Prediction of Seismic Behavior in RC Buildings with and Without Infill Walls (20)
A Study on Translucent Concrete Product and Its Properties by Using Optical F...IJMER
- Translucent concrete is a concrete based material with light-transferring properties,
obtained due to embedded light optical elements like Optical fibers used in concrete. Light is conducted
through the concrete from one end to the other. This results into a certain light pattern on the other
surface, depending on the fiber structure. Optical fibers transmit light so effectively that there is
virtually no loss of light conducted through the fibers. This paper deals with the modeling of such
translucent or transparent concrete blocks and panel and their usage and also the advantages it brings
in the field. The main purpose is to use sunlight as a light source to reduce the power consumption of
illumination and to use the optical fiber to sense the stress of structures and also use this concrete as an
architectural purpose of the building
Developing Cost Effective Automation for Cotton Seed DelintingIJMER
A low cost automation system for removal of lint from cottonseed is to be designed and
developed. The setup consists of stainless steel drum with stirrer in which cottonseeds having lint is mixed
with concentrated sulphuric acid. So lint will get burn. This lint free cottonseed treated with lime water to
neutralize acidic nature. After water washing this cottonseeds are used for agriculter purpose
Study & Testing Of Bio-Composite Material Based On Munja FibreIJMER
The incorporation of natural fibres such as munja fiber composites has gained
increasing applications both in many areas of Engineering and Technology. The aim of this study is to
evaluate mechanical properties such as flexural and tensile properties of reinforced epoxy composites.
This is mainly due to their applicable benefits as they are light weight and offer low cost compared to
synthetic fibre composites. Munja fibres recently have been a substitute material in many weight-critical
applications in areas such as aerospace, automotive and other high demanding industrial sectors. In
this study, natural munja fibre composites and munja/fibreglass hybrid composites were fabricated by a
combination of hand lay-up and cold-press methods. A new variety in munja fibre is the present work
the main aim of the work is to extract the neat fibre and is characterized for its flexural characteristics.
The composites are fabricated by reinforcing untreated and treated fibre and are tested for their
mechanical, properties strictly as per ASTM procedures.
Hybrid Engine (Stirling Engine + IC Engine + Electric Motor)IJMER
Hybrid engine is a combination of Stirling engine, IC engine and Electric motor. All these 3 are
connected together to a single shaft. The power source of the Stirling engine will be a Solar Panel. The aim of
this is to run the automobile using a Hybrid engine
Fabrication & Characterization of Bio Composite Materials Based On Sunnhemp F...IJMER
The present day technology demands eco-friendly developments. In this era the
composite material are playing a vital roal in different field of Engineering .The composite materials
are using as a principle materials. Nowaday the composite materials are utilizing as a important
component of engineering field .Where as the importance of the applications of composites is well
known, but thrust on the use of natural fibres in it for reinforcement has been given priority for some
times. But changing from synthetic fibres to natural fibres provides only half green-composites. A
partial green composite will be achieved if the matrix component is also eco-friendly. Keeping this in
view, a detailed literature surveyed has been carried out through various issues of the Journals
related to this field. The material systems used are sunnhemp fibres. Some epoxy and hardener has
been also added for stability and drying of the bio-composites. Various graphs and bar-charts are
super-imposed on each other for comparison among themselves and Graphs is plotted on MAT LAB
and ORIGIN 6.0 software. To determining tensile strengths, Various properties for different biocomposites
have been compared among themselves. Comparison of the behaviour of bio-composites of
this work has been also compare with other works. The bio-composites developed in this work are
likely to get applications in fall ceilings, partitions, bio-degradable packagings, automotive interiors,
sports things (e.g. rackets, nets, etc.), toys etc.
Geochemistry and Genesis of Kammatturu Iron Ores of Devagiri Formation, Sandu...IJMER
The Greenstone belts of Karnataka are enriched in BIFs in Dharwar craton, where Iron
formations are confined to the basin shelf, clearly separated from the deeper-water iron formation that
accumulated at the basin margin and flanking the marine basin. Geochemical data procured in terms of
major, trace and REE are plotted in various diagrams to interpret the genesis of BIFs. Al2O3, Fe2O3 (T),
TiO2, CaO, and SiO2 abundances and ratios show a wide variation. Ni, Co, Zr, Sc, V, Rb, Sr, U, Th,
ΣREE, La, Ce and Eu anomalies and their binary relationships indicate that wherever the terrigenous
component has increased, the concentration of elements of felsic such as Zr and Hf has gone up. Elevated
concentrations of Ni, Co and Sc are contributed by chlorite and other components characteristic of basic
volcanic debris. The data suggest that these formations were generated by chemical and clastic
sedimentary processes on a shallow shelf. During transgression, chemical precipitation took place at the
sediment-water interface, whereas at the time of regression. Iron ore formed with sedimentary structures
and textures in Kammatturu area, in a setting where the water column was oxygenated.
Experimental Investigation on Characteristic Study of the Carbon Steel C45 in...IJMER
In this paper, the mechanical characteristics of C45 medium carbon steel are investigated
under various working conditions. The main characteristic to be studied on this paper is impact toughness
of the material with different configurations and the experiment were carried out on charpy impact testing
equipment. This study reveals the ability of the material to absorb energy up to failure for various
specimen configurations under different heat treated conditions and the corresponding results were
compared with the analysis outcome
Non linear analysis of Robot Gun Support Structure using Equivalent Dynamic A...IJMER
Robot guns are being increasingly employed in automotive manufacturing to replace
risky jobs and also to increase productivity. Using a single robot for a single operation proves to be
expensive. Hence for cost optimization, multiple guns are mounted on a single robot and multiple
operations are performed. Robot Gun structure is an efficient way in which multiple welds can be done
simultaneously. However mounting several weld guns on a single structure induces a variety of
dynamic loads, especially during movement of the robot arm as it maneuvers to reach the weld
locations. The primary idea employed in this paper, is to model those dynamic loads as equivalent G
force loads in FEA. This approach will be on the conservative side, and will be saving time and
subsequently cost efficient. The approach of the paper is towards creating a standard operating
procedure when it comes to analysis of such structures, with emphasis on deploying various technical
aspects of FEA such as Non Linear Geometry, Multipoint Constraint Contact Algorithm, Multizone
meshing .
Static Analysis of Go-Kart Chassis by Analytical and Solid Works SimulationIJMER
This paper aims to do modelling, simulation and performing the static analysis of a go
kart chassis consisting of Circular beams. Modelling, simulations and analysis are performed using 3-D
modelling software i.e. Solid Works and ANSYS according to the rulebook provided by Indian Society of
New Era Engineers (ISNEE) for National Go Kart Championship (NGKC-14).The maximum deflection is
determined by performing static analysis. Computed results are then compared to analytical calculation,
where it is found that the location of maximum deflection agrees well with theoretical approximation but
varies on magnitude aspect.
In récent year various vehicle introduced in market but due to limitation in
carbon émission and BS Séries limitd speed availability vehicle in the market and causing of
environnent pollution over few year There is need to decrease dependancy on fuel vehicle.
bicycle is to be modified for optional in the future To implement new technique using change in
pedal assembly and variable speed gearbox such as planetary gear optimise speed of vehicle
with variable speed ratio.To increase the efficiency of bicycle for confortable drive and to
reduce torque appli éd on bicycle. we introduced epicyclic gear box in which transmission done
throgh Chain Drive (i.e. Sprocket )to rear wheel with help of Epicyclical gear Box to give
number of différent Speed during driving.To reduce torque requirent in the cycle with change in
the pedal mechanism
Integration of Struts & Spring & Hibernate for Enterprise ApplicationsIJMER
The proposal of this paper is to present Spring Framework which is widely used in
developing enterprise applications. Considering the current state where applications are developed using
the EJB model, Spring Framework assert that ordinary java beans(POJO) can be utilize with minimal
modifications. This modular framework can be used to develop the application faster and can reduce
complexity. This paper will highlight the design overview of Spring Framework along with its features that
have made the framework useful. The integration of multiple frameworks for an E-commerce system has
also been addressed in this paper. This paper also proposes structure for a website based on integration of
Spring, Hibernate and Struts Framework.
Microcontroller Based Automatic Sprinkler Irrigation SystemIJMER
Microcontroller based Automatic Sprinkler System is a new concept of using
intelligence power of embedded technology in the sprinkler irrigation work. Designed system replaces
the conventional manual work involved in sprinkler irrigation to automatic process. Using this system a
farmer is protected against adverse inhuman weather conditions, tedious work of changing over of
sprinkler water pipe lines & risk of accident due to high pressure in the water pipe line. Overall
sprinkler irrigation work is transformed in to a comfortableautomatic work. This system provides
flexibility & accuracy in respect of time set for the operation of a sprinkler water pipe lines. In present
work the author has designed and developed an automatic sprinkler irrigation system which is
controlled and monitored by a microcontroller interfaced with solenoid valves.
On some locally closed sets and spaces in Ideal Topological SpacesIJMER
In this paper we introduce and characterize some new generalized locally closed sets
known as
δ
ˆ
s-locally closed sets and spaces are known as
δ
ˆ
s-normal space and
δ
ˆ
s-connected space and
discussed some of their properties
Intrusion Detection and Forensics based on decision tree and Association rule...IJMER
This paper present an approach based on the combination of, two techniques using
decision tree and Association rule mining for Probe attack detection. This approach proves to be
better than the traditional approach of generating rules for fuzzy expert system by clustering methods.
Association rule mining for selecting the best attributes together and decision tree for identifying the
best parameters together to create the rules for fuzzy expert system. After that rules for fuzzy expert
system are generated using association rule mining and decision trees. Decision trees is generated for
dataset and to find the basic parameters for creating the membership functions of fuzzy inference
system. Membership functions are generated for the probe attack. Based on these rules we have
created the fuzzy inference system that is used as an input to neuro-fuzzy system. Fuzzy inference
system is loaded to neuro-fuzzy toolbox as an input and the final ANFIS structure is generated for
outcome of neuro-fuzzy approach. The experiments and evaluations of the proposed method were
done with NSL-KDD intrusion detection dataset. As the experimental results, the proposed approach
based on the combination of, two techniques using decision tree and Association rule mining
efficiently detected probe attacks. Experimental results shows better results for detecting intrusions as
compared to others existing methods
Natural Language Ambiguity and its Effect on Machine LearningIJMER
"Natural language processing" here refers to the use and ability of systems to process
sentences in a natural language such as English, rather than in a specialized artificial computer
language such as C++. The systems of real interest here are digital computers of the type we think of as
personal computers and mainframes. Of course humans can process natural languages, but for us the
question is whether digital computers can or ever will process natural languages. We have tried to
explore in depth and break down the types of ambiguities persistent throughout the natural languages
and provide an answer to the question “How it affects the machine translation process and thereby
machine learning as whole?” .
Today in era of software industry there is no perfect software framework available for
analysis and software development. Currently there are enormous number of software development
process exists which can be implemented to stabilize the process of developing a software system. But no
perfect system is recognized till yet which can help software developers for opting of best software
development process. This paper present the framework of skillful system combined with Likert scale. With
the help of Likert scale we define a rule based model and delegate some mass score to every process and
develop one tool name as MuxSet which will help the software developers to select an appropriate
development process that may enhance the probability of system success.
Material Parameter and Effect of Thermal Load on Functionally Graded CylindersIJMER
The present study investigates the creep in a thick-walled composite cylinders made
up of aluminum/aluminum alloy matrix and reinforced with silicon carbide particles. The distribution
of SiCp is assumed to be either uniform or decreasing linearly from the inner to the outer radius of
the cylinder. The creep behavior of the cylinder has been described by threshold stress based creep
law with a stress exponent of 5. The composite cylinders are subjected to internal pressure which is
applied gradually and steady state condition of stress is assumed. The creep parameters required to
be used in creep law, are extracted by conducting regression analysis on the available experimental
results. The mathematical models have been developed to describe steady state creep in the composite
cylinder by using von-Mises criterion. Regression analysis is used to obtain the creep parameters
required in the study. The basic equilibrium equation of the cylinder and other constitutive equations
have been solved to obtain creep stresses in the cylinder. The effect of varying particle size, particle
content and temperature on the stresses in the composite cylinder has been analyzed. The study
revealed that the stress distributions in the cylinder do not vary significantly for various combinations
of particle size, particle content and operating temperature except for slight variation observed for
varying particle content. Functionally Graded Materials (FGMs) emerged and led to the development
of superior heat resistant materials.
Energy Audit is the systematic process for finding out the energy conservation
opportunities in industrial processes. The project carried out studies on various energy conservation
measures application in areas like lighting, motors, compressors, transformer, ventilation system etc.
In this investigation, studied the technical aspects of the various measures along with its cost benefit
analysis.
Investigation found that major areas of energy conservation are-
1. Energy efficient lighting schemes.
2. Use of electronic ballast instead of copper ballast.
3. Use of wind ventilators for ventilation.
4. Use of VFD for compressor.
5. Transparent roofing sheets to reduce energy consumption.
So Energy Audit is the only perfect & analyzed way of meeting the Industrial Energy Conservation.
An Implementation of I2C Slave Interface using Verilog HDLIJMER
The focus of this paper is on implementation of Inter Integrated Circuit (I2C) protocol
following slave module for no data loss. In this paper, the principle and the operation of I2C bus protocol
will be introduced. It follows the I2C specification to provide device addressing, read/write operation and
an acknowledgement. The programmable nature of device provide users with the flexibility of configuring
the I2C slave device to any legal slave address to avoid the slave address collision on an I2C bus with
multiple slave devices. This paper demonstrates how I2C Master controller transmits and receives data to
and from the Slave with proper synchronization.
The module is designed in Verilog and simulated in ModelSim. The design is also synthesized in Xilinx
XST 14.1. This module acts as a slave for the microprocessor which can be customized for no data loss.
Discrete Model of Two Predators competing for One PreyIJMER
This paper investigates the dynamical behavior of a discrete model of one prey two
predator systems. The equilibrium points and their stability are analyzed. Time series plots are obtained
for different sets of parameter values. Also bifurcation diagrams are plotted to show dynamical behavior
of the system in selected range of growth parameter
GDG Cloud Southlake #33: Boule & Rebala: Effective AppSec in SDLC using Deplo...James Anderson
Effective Application Security in Software Delivery lifecycle using Deployment Firewall and DBOM
The modern software delivery process (or the CI/CD process) includes many tools, distributed teams, open-source code, and cloud platforms. Constant focus on speed to release software to market, along with the traditional slow and manual security checks has caused gaps in continuous security as an important piece in the software supply chain. Today organizations feel more susceptible to external and internal cyber threats due to the vast attack surface in their applications supply chain and the lack of end-to-end governance and risk management.
The software team must secure its software delivery process to avoid vulnerability and security breaches. This needs to be achieved with existing tool chains and without extensive rework of the delivery processes. This talk will present strategies and techniques for providing visibility into the true risk of the existing vulnerabilities, preventing the introduction of security issues in the software, resolving vulnerabilities in production environments quickly, and capturing the deployment bill of materials (DBOM).
Speakers:
Bob Boule
Robert Boule is a technology enthusiast with PASSION for technology and making things work along with a knack for helping others understand how things work. He comes with around 20 years of solution engineering experience in application security, software continuous delivery, and SaaS platforms. He is known for his dynamic presentations in CI/CD and application security integrated in software delivery lifecycle.
Gopinath Rebala
Gopinath Rebala is the CTO of OpsMx, where he has overall responsibility for the machine learning and data processing architectures for Secure Software Delivery. Gopi also has a strong connection with our customers, leading design and architecture for strategic implementations. Gopi is a frequent speaker and well-known leader in continuous delivery and integrating security into software delivery.
Connector Corner: Automate dynamic content and events by pushing a buttonDianaGray10
Here is something new! In our next Connector Corner webinar, we will demonstrate how you can use a single workflow to:
Create a campaign using Mailchimp with merge tags/fields
Send an interactive Slack channel message (using buttons)
Have the message received by managers and peers along with a test email for review
But there’s more:
In a second workflow supporting the same use case, you’ll see:
Your campaign sent to target colleagues for approval
If the “Approve” button is clicked, a Jira/Zendesk ticket is created for the marketing design team
But—if the “Reject” button is pushed, colleagues will be alerted via Slack message
Join us to learn more about this new, human-in-the-loop capability, brought to you by Integration Service connectors.
And...
Speakers:
Akshay Agnihotri, Product Manager
Charlie Greenberg, Host
Neuro-symbolic is not enough, we need neuro-*semantic*Frank van Harmelen
Neuro-symbolic (NeSy) AI is on the rise. However, simply machine learning on just any symbolic structure is not sufficient to really harvest the gains of NeSy. These will only be gained when the symbolic structures have an actual semantics. I give an operational definition of semantics as “predictable inference”.
All of this illustrated with link prediction over knowledge graphs, but the argument is general.
Key Trends Shaping the Future of Infrastructure.pdfCheryl Hung
Keynote at DIGIT West Expo, Glasgow on 29 May 2024.
Cheryl Hung, ochery.com
Sr Director, Infrastructure Ecosystem, Arm.
The key trends across hardware, cloud and open-source; exploring how these areas are likely to mature and develop over the short and long-term, and then considering how organisations can position themselves to adapt and thrive.
Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey 2024 by 91mobiles.pdf91mobiles
91mobiles recently conducted a Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey in which we asked over 3,000 respondents about the TV they own, aspects they look at on a new TV, and their TV buying preferences.
LF Energy Webinar: Electrical Grid Modelling and Simulation Through PowSyBl -...DanBrown980551
Do you want to learn how to model and simulate an electrical network from scratch in under an hour?
Then welcome to this PowSyBl workshop, hosted by Rte, the French Transmission System Operator (TSO)!
During the webinar, you will discover the PowSyBl ecosystem as well as handle and study an electrical network through an interactive Python notebook.
PowSyBl is an open source project hosted by LF Energy, which offers a comprehensive set of features for electrical grid modelling and simulation. Among other advanced features, PowSyBl provides:
- A fully editable and extendable library for grid component modelling;
- Visualization tools to display your network;
- Grid simulation tools, such as power flows, security analyses (with or without remedial actions) and sensitivity analyses;
The framework is mostly written in Java, with a Python binding so that Python developers can access PowSyBl functionalities as well.
What you will learn during the webinar:
- For beginners: discover PowSyBl's functionalities through a quick general presentation and the notebook, without needing any expert coding skills;
- For advanced developers: master the skills to efficiently apply PowSyBl functionalities to your real-world scenarios.
Software Delivery At the Speed of AI: Inflectra Invests In AI-Powered QualityInflectra
In this insightful webinar, Inflectra explores how artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming software development and testing. Discover how AI-powered tools are revolutionizing every stage of the software development lifecycle (SDLC), from design and prototyping to testing, deployment, and monitoring.
Learn about:
• The Future of Testing: How AI is shifting testing towards verification, analysis, and higher-level skills, while reducing repetitive tasks.
• Test Automation: How AI-powered test case generation, optimization, and self-healing tests are making testing more efficient and effective.
• Visual Testing: Explore the emerging capabilities of AI in visual testing and how it's set to revolutionize UI verification.
• Inflectra's AI Solutions: See demonstrations of Inflectra's cutting-edge AI tools like the ChatGPT plugin and Azure Open AI platform, designed to streamline your testing process.
Whether you're a developer, tester, or QA professional, this webinar will give you valuable insights into how AI is shaping the future of software delivery.
DevOps and Testing slides at DASA ConnectKari Kakkonen
My and Rik Marselis slides at 30.5.2024 DASA Connect conference. We discuss about what is testing, then what is agile testing and finally what is Testing in DevOps. Finally we had lovely workshop with the participants trying to find out different ways to think about quality and testing in different parts of the DevOps infinity loop.
Slack (or Teams) Automation for Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Soluti...Jeffrey Haguewood
Sidekick Solutions uses Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Solutions Apricot) and automation solutions to integrate data for business workflows.
We believe integration and automation are essential to user experience and the promise of efficient work through technology. Automation is the critical ingredient to realizing that full vision. We develop integration products and services for Bonterra Case Management software to support the deployment of automations for a variety of use cases.
This video focuses on the notifications, alerts, and approval requests using Slack for Bonterra Impact Management. The solutions covered in this webinar can also be deployed for Microsoft Teams.
Interested in deploying notification automations for Bonterra Impact Management? Contact us at sales@sidekicksolutionsllc.com to discuss next steps.
Slack (or Teams) Automation for Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Soluti...
Anartificial Neural Network for Prediction of Seismic Behavior in RC Buildings with and Without Infill Walls
1. www.ijmer.com
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER)
Vol. 3, Issue. 5, Sep - Oct. 2013 pp-3071-3078
ISSN: 2249-6645
Anartificial Neural Network for Prediction of Seismic
Behavior in RC Buildings with and Without Infill Walls
1
Mohammad ParsaeiMaram, 1Dr. K Rama Mohan Rao2, Ali Poursalehi3
Master of Technology in Structural EngineeringDepartment of Civil Engineering, Jawaharlal NehruTechnological
University, Hyderabad– 500085, India
2
Professor & Director. BICSDepartment of Civil Engineering, Jawaharlal NehruTechnological University, Hyderabad–
500085, India
3
Master of Computer ScienceDepartment of Mathematics, Osmania University, Hyderabad, India
ABSTRAC:In this study the influence of masonry infill walls on the seismicbehavior of RC frames with help of ETABS
software were studied.Pushover analysis on buildings with five, seven, nine and eleven storey with symmetrical in the plan
was carried out.And trial model with thirteenstorey was created for testing in ArtificialNeural Network (ANN).Each
structure was modeled in two different types, such as RC bare frame and RC frame with masonry infill walls.In the present
paper infill walls are modeled as equivalent diagonal strut. In this type of molding infill wall behaves like compression strut,
as suggested in FEMA 365, 2000.
Nonlinear analysis in according with IS1893, 2002 code is realized to sketch pushover curves and results at Immediate
Occupancy, Life Safety and Collapse Prevention onperformances level were determined.
Thisstudy reports seismic behavior of RC building due to increase height of the buildings.For this purpose, one of the
significantly techniques, Artificial Neural Network(ANN), was used.Result of this study using ANNis used for prediction of
seismicbehavior of structures.The trial model with thirteen storey was modeled by ETABS to compare with result of ANN.
KEY WORRDS:Nonlinear analysis, Masonry infill, Equivalent diagonal strut, ArtificialNeural Networks.
I.
INTRODUCTION
Motivation of this study is assessment of vulnerability of the building with and without unreinforcedmasonry infill
walls. And behavior of a thirteen storey building is predicted by Artificial Neural Network (ANN) technique.
ANN is a branch of artificial intelligence which attempt to mimic the behavior of the human brain and nerves system. A
neural network can be considered as a black box that is able to predict an output pattern when it recognizes a given input
pattern. Neural networks are able to detect similarities in input, even though a particular input may never have been seen
previously. This property allows for excellent interpolation capabilities, especially when the input data is noisy[1].
It is estimate that, effect of infill walls is important on the building performance, but structural engineers, during the design
process, ignore the effect of infill wall in the structural analysis. According to the FEMA guideline the masonry unreinforced
infill walls have a significant effect on the stiffness of building [2].In this study advantages and disadvantages of infill walls
will be investigated.
Masonry infill walls are frequently used as interior partitions and architectural elements.In the design and
assessment of the building infill walls are usuallytreated as non-structural elements and the presence of infill walls are
usually neglected in conventional design because they are assumed to be beneficial to the structural responses. Therefore,
their influences on the structural response are generally ignored. However, their stiffness and strength are not negligible, and
they will interact with the boundary frame when the structure is subjected to ground motion. This interaction may or may not
be beneficial to the performance of the structure and it has been a topic of much debate in the last few decades. [3].
II.
DESCRIPTION OF STRUCTURAL MODEL
2-1 Building Models
In this studysymmetrical floor plans layout of 3D reinforced concrete residential building with moment resisting RC
frames was selected as shown in fig 1. Thebuildings consist of five, seven, nine and eleven, but the plan was unaltered to
avoid any irregularity effects. Buildingsare located inseismic zone IV, and soil profile type was assumed to be medium.
Response reduction factor for the special moment resisting frame has taken as 5.All the four models are designed and
analyzed as per IS456, 2000. Further inputs include unit weight of the concrete is 25 KN/m 3, elastic modulus of concrete is
25*106 KN/m2, compressive strength of concrete is 25 N/mm2 (M25), yield strength of steel is 415 N/mm2 (Fe 415),elastic
modulus of steel is 2*108KN/mm2. The loading of building was assumed to be dead load 5.5 KN/m2, live load 2.0 KN/m2,
and weight of floor finishes is 1 KN/m2. Percentage of imposed load to be considered in seismic weight calculation 25.The
support condition of columns was assumed to be fixed at ground level. All columns and beams had different dimensions in
height, dimension of columns vary between 0.40*0.40 m and 0.50*0.50 m , dimension of beam vary between 0.40*0.30 m
and 0.30*0.30 m and thickness of slab is 0.15m. finally the example structure used in this study are following as shown in
fig1 to 9.
1. Fivestorey with two models: - Model 1-0: Bare frame.
- Model 1-1: RC frame with brick masonry infill.
2. Sevenstorey with two models: - Model 2-0: Bare frame.
- Model 2-1: RC frame with brick masonry infill.
www.ijmer.com
3071 | Page
2. International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER)
www.ijmer.com
Vol. 3, Issue. 5, Sep - Oct. 2013 pp-3071-3078
ISSN: 2249-6645
3. Ninestorey with two models:- Model 3-0: Bare frame.
- Model 3-1: RC frame with brick masonry infill.
4. elevenstorey with two models: - Model 4-0: Bare frame.
- Model 4-1: RC frame with brick masonry infill.
Fig 1: Typical plan of Buildings
Fig2: Model 1-1Fig 3: Model 1-0
Fig 4: Model 2-1Fig5: Model 2-0
www.ijmer.com
3072 | Page
3. www.ijmer.com
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER)
Vol. 3, Issue. 5, Sep - Oct. 2013 pp-3071-3078
ISSN: 2249-6645
Fig 6: Model 3-1Fig 7: Model 3-0
Fig8: Model 4-1Fig9: Model 4-0
www.ijmer.com
3073 | Page
4. International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER)
www.ijmer.com
Vol. 3, Issue. 5, Sep - Oct. 2013 pp-3071-3078
ISSN: 2249-6645
2-2 modeling of infill masonry infill walls
Infill walls in this study can be generally categorized in to two types, masonry infill walls with and without opening.
Only masonry infill walls without opening were considered as lateral load resistant element with shaded areas as shown in
fig1. Infill walls with opening that prevent diagonal strut [2] formation are considered as dead loads only [4]. Window
opening are assumed tiny relative to the overall wall area, thus not included in the as they have no appreciable bearing on the
general behavior of the structure[5]. Usually in a building of the structure 40% to 60% presence of masonry infillsare
effective as the remaining portion of the masonry infills are meant for functional purpose such as doors and window
openings [6].In this study, buildings were modeled using 40% masonry infill.
The model for masonry infill walls can be classified as finite element method (micro) and static equivalent strut
(macro).in this study equivalent compression strut used instead of masonry infill walls, this strut is a compression diagonal.
The single strut model is the most widely used as it is simple and evidently most suitable for large structure [7]. Thus RC
frames with unreinforced masonry walls can be modeled as equivalent braced frames with infill walls replaced by equivalent
diagonal strut which can be used in rigorousnonlinearpushover analysis using the theory of beams on elastic foundations
[8]suggested a non-dimensional parameter to determine the width and relative stiffness of diagonal strut according to
FEMA306, 1997 the strut area A e is given by following expression as shown in fig10.
Ae = We t
We =0.175(λh)−0.4 w
λ=
4
Em t sin(2θ)
4Ef Ic h℩
Em =The modulus of elasticity of the infill material
Ef =The modulus of elasticity of the frame material
Ic =The moment of inertia of column
t =The thickness of infill
h =The center line height of frame
h℩ =The height of infill
w =The diagonal length of infill panel
θ =The slope of infill diagonal to the horizontal.
In this study, the following material properties were used for solid brick masonry infill walls. Unit weight of masonry is 20
KN/m3, elastic modulus of masonry infill is Em =550fm =2275 KN/mm2.
Fig10: Equivalent diagonal strut model [9].
III.
ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKS
One efficient way of solving complex problems is following the lemma “divides and conquers”. A complex system
may be decomposed into simpler elements, in order to be able to understand it. Alsosimple elements may be gathered to
produce a complex system [10]. Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) are one approach for achieving this. The scope of this
study is to create a brief induction to ANNs for training buildings which there are no analysis of them. Displacement and
performance points were prediction using ANN.
IV.
NONLINEAR STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS
Nonlinear analysis is performed for eight models of the building in this study. Nonlinear static pushover analysis
has been performed to determine the structural earthquake behavior using ETABS nonlinear version 9.7 program[11].
However the earthquake response is determined by one of the structural analysis method as nonlinear analysis. This method
is included two ways as nonlinear static pushover analysis and nonlinear dynamic time history analysis.
Nonlinear static pushover analysis has been suggested in FEMA365 and ATC40.
The guidelines ATC and FEMA mentioned in this paper include modeling procedures, acceptance criteria and analysis
procedures for pushover analysis. These documents define force – deformation criteria for potential locations of lumped
inelastic behavior, designated as plastic hinges used in pushover analysis.
www.ijmer.com
3074 | Page
5. International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER)
www.ijmer.com
Vol. 3, Issue. 5, Sep - Oct. 2013 pp-3071-3078
ISSN: 2249-6645
ETABS implements the plastic hinge properties described in FEMA365 and ATC40 as shown in fig 11.five points labeled A,
B, C, D and E define force–deformation behavior of the plastic hinge and performance level are Immediate Occupancy (IO),
Life Safety (LS), Collapse Prevention (CP), A, B are performance points before immediate occupancy (elastic range), B,
Care related to yieldand ultimate curvatures (plastic range) and D, E performance point beyond collapse are used to define
the acceptance criteria for the hinge.[2,12].
Fig11. Force – Deformation Relation for plastic Hinge in Pushover Analysis
V.
ANALYSIS AND RESULTS
The nonlinear static pushover analysis was performed for all models; models were designed and checked as per
IS456,[13]. The comparative results of story displacement,fundamental natural time period as per IS1893,[14]capacity
curves along with performance levels as IO, LS and CP and neural networks for prediction of seismic behavior for all
models are shown,tabulated in table 1 to 4.
5-1Storeydisplacement
The lateral displacement at top storey of various models is tabulated in table1.Displacement depends on the stiffness
of each model, table 1 shows that where stiffness of infill walls are considered have significantly lower displacement as
compared to bare frame. From table 1 it is observed that infill wall decreases displacement due to its stiffness, stiffness of
infill walls decreases displacement from 25.87%, 24.62%, 17.1%, to16.01% for five, seven, nine, eleven stores
(respectively), with respect to bare frame.
Type of
Structures
DispAt
story(cm)
Table 1: Displacement at top storey level of various structural systems
Model
Model
Model
Model
Model
Model
Model
1-0
1-1
2-0
2-1
3-0
3-1
4-0
top
Model
4-1
1.38
2.36
1.023
1.99
1.50
2.28
1.89
2.81
5-2 fundamental natural period:
The approximate fundamental natural period of vibration from the empirical expression of the IS1893,[14] is
compared with the analytical time period. As shown in table 2 analytical time period do not tally with empirical time period
(caudal). The analytical natural period depends on the mass and stiffness, but empirical time period depends on the height of
the building.
For models with stiffness of infill walls observed that analytical natural period have lower time period as compared
to bare frame, and for models with higher level, empirical period have higher time period. Table 2 shows that analytical
fundamental natural time period for models with infill walls are 1.94 to 1.88 times higher than empiricaltime period.
Type of
Structures
Analytical
Caudal
Model
1-0
Table 2: Empirical and Analytical time period in all models
Model
Model
Model
Model
Model
1-1
2-0
2-1
3-0
3-1
Model
4-0
Model
4-1
0.913
0.64
1.23
0.88
1.535
1.12
1.85
1.36
0.572
0.33
0.736
0.45
0.888
0.59
1.033
0.72
5-3 Capacity curves along with performance level:
The capacity curves, displacement capacity and performance point values of each model obtained from pushover
analysis.Pushover curves are given in fig 12 and also tabulated in table 3. From the data presented in table 3, the models with
infill walls have the highest capacity as compared with bare frame. Pushover curves in fig 12 show that buildings with lower
height have parabolic curves with clear life safety points. And they show that due to enhance height of the buildings
parabolic curves transform in to the straight line with unclear point at life safety.
Performance point was determined from pushover analysis. The status of plastic hinges formed in the structure according to
force – deformation curve define performance of the structure at performance point,when the structure reaches its
performance point.
www.ijmer.com
3075 | Page
6. Base Reaction (ton)
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER)
www.ijmer.com
Vol. 3, Issue. 5, Sep - Oct. 2013 pp-3071-3078
ISSN: 2249-6645
Table 4 shows status of hinges at performance point. From the data presented in table 4 for models with infill wall the
number of plastic hinges in LS-CP stage are very less in number as compared with models without infill wall.
750
CP
CP
700
CP CP
650
600
LS
Model 1-0
550
LS
500
LS
Model 1-1
LS
450
Model 2-0
400
350
Model 2-1
300
Model 3-0
250
CP
CP
IO
CP
Model 3-1
200
CP
LS
150
Model 4-0
LS
LS
100
Model 4-1
50
0
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
Displacement (cm)
Fig12: Pushover curves for all models.
Table 3: Base shear (ton) and Displacement (cm) at Performance level for all models.
Typeof
Structures
Performance Level
Model
2-1
Model
3-0
Model
3-1
Model
4-0
Model
4-1
Base
Shear
155.5
203
161.3
210
167.7
217.5
170.5
270
2.5
1.50
3.6
2.0
4.0
3.0
5.0
5.0
Base
Shear
184.3
615.7
183.4
588
188
530.9
178
678
9.0
8.0
14.0
10.5
21.5
13.5
14.5
27.5
Base
Shear
CP
Model
2-0
Disp
LS
Model
1-1
Disp
IO
Model
1-0
201.6
634.1
198.2
648
190
678.3
183.4
704.2
Disp
18.0
9.5
27
13
36.5
20.5
40.5
30.0
Type of
models
Model
1-0
Model
1-1
Model
2-0
Model
2-1
Model
3-0
Model
3-1
Model
4-0
Model
4-1
Table 4: Hinge status at performance point in x-direction for all models
Base
Disp
BIOLSShear
A-B
CP-C C-D
D-E
(cm)
IO
LS
CP
(ton)
>E
Total
13.3
192.2
803
32
113
192
0
0
0
0
1140
8.11
601.3
727
206
205
2
0
0
0
0
1140
17.9
187.6
1149
62
85
299
0
1
0
0
1596
11.4
594
1062
262
263
9
0
0
0
0
1596
23.4
187.5
1512
0
120
420
0
0
0
0
2052
14.6
551.3
1300
321
347
84
0
0
0
0
2052
27.8
183.4
1855
148
145
360
0
0
0
0
2508
17.6
520
1542
397
328
241
0
0
0
0
2508
www.ijmer.com
3076 | Page
7. International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER)
www.ijmer.com
Vol. 3, Issue. 5, Sep - Oct. 2013 pp-3071-3078
ISSN: 2249-6645
5-4 Neural networks for prediction of seismic behavior:
MATLAB software is used to createneural network. For creation the network, totally 32 data set are used which are
listed in table 5. These data sets were generated analytically using structures with infill walls. The network was trained and
then tested by 4 and 4 data sets for displacement and base shear (respectively), at performance pointwhich are tabulated in
table 6. And for trial model with thirteen storey input data are listed in table 7.Displacement and base shear at performance
point predicted for building with thirteen storey using ANN is compared with actual values of ETABS output as shown in
table 8. The result clearlyshows that predicted values using neural networkat displacement and base shear on the
performance point are 3.0(cm) and 500(ton),(respectively) are close to actual value 2.86(cm) and 490(ton). It can be
observed that overall prediction is very good.
Table 5: Data set used input for model with infill wall.
Model 1-1
Model 2-1
Model 3-1
Input
Model4-1
Number of storey
5
7
9
11
Height(m)
15
21
27
33
Seismic coefficient
Total weight(ton)
0.051
2103
0.0382
3010
0.0292
3882
0.024
4776
Total cross section of column(m2)
22.67
34.85
55.8
72.42
31.5
44.1
56.7
69.3
0.3617
0.7034
1.0852
1.7245
12.67
17.738
22.806
27.874
Total cross section of beam(m2)
2
Total area of reinforcement steel(m )
2
Total trust area(m )
Table 6: Data set used target for model with infill wall.
Target
Model 1-1
Model 2-1
Model 3-1
Displacement(cm)
1.023
1.50
1.89
Performance point(v)(ton)
601.3
594
551.27
Model4-1
2.36
520
Table 7: Data set used input for trial model.
Input
Trial model 5-1
Number of storey
13
Height(m)
39
Seismic coefficient
0.02
Total weight(ton)
5667
Total cross section of column(m2)
88.255
Total cross section of beam(m2)
89.1
Total area of reinforcement steel(m2)
2.11
Total trust area(m2)
32.942
Table 8: Displacement and Base shear at performance point in x-direction for trial model
Trial Model(thirteen storey)
Displacement atTop(cm)
Base shear at Performance Point(ton)
Model 5-1(ETABS Value)
2.86
490
Model 5-1(ANN Value)
3.0
500
VI.
CONCLUSIONS
1. Due to presence of the infill wall displacement at top storey decreasesfrom 25.87%, 24.62%, 17.1%, to 16.01% for five,
seven, nine, eleven stores (respectively) with respect to bare frame.From the above observationit can be seen that due to
enhance height of the building influence of stiffness of the infill wall will be less, thus it should be used more lateral load
resistant system to increase the stiffness of the multi storey building. And results show that stiffness of the infill walls is
efficient for building with low and medium height.
2. It is observed that performance of all structures in elastic range have definite values for model with and without infill
walls at immediateoccupancy,and performance of the structures with low-rise building in plastic range have clear point at
life safety in comparison with multi storey buildings that have unclear point at life safety.
3. It can be seen that the performance of all the models lies in between life safety and collapsepervasion.Overall the
performances of these models are satisfactory and some of the elements in some models require retrofitting.
www.ijmer.com
3077 | Page
8. International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER)
www.ijmer.com
Vol. 3, Issue. 5, Sep - Oct. 2013 pp-3071-3078
ISSN: 2249-6645
4. The predicted values in displacement and base shear at performance point for trial building using artificial neural network
vary only marginally maximum of 4.89% and 2.04% (respectively), from the actual values. The values show that prediction
by artificial neural network is satisfactory.
REFERENCES
[1]
[2]
[3]
[4]
[5]
[6]
[7]
[8]
[9]
[10]
[11]
[12]
[13]
[14]
T N SINGH ET AL. Prediction of p- wave velocity and anisotropic property of rock using artificial neural network technique.
journal of scientific & industerial reserch, v. vol,63, p. pp, 32-38, 2004.
FEMA365. prestandard and Commentary for theSseismic Rehabilitation of Buildings, Federai Emergency Management Agancy,
2000.
Mehrabi A. B. and shing P. B.(2002). Behaviour and masonry-infilled frames. Prog. struct. Engng Mater 4,320-331., 2002.
MEHMET INEL AND HAYRI BO ZMEN. Effect ofIinfill Wall on Soft Story Behaviour in Mid-Rise RC Buildings, 2008.
S.K., Murty C. V. R, Arlekar, J.N, Sinha, R, Goyal, A., and jain, C.K., (1997),"Some Observations on Engineering Aspects of the
Jabalpur Earthquake of 22 May a997", EERI Special Earthquake Report, EERI Newsletter, Vol.31, No.8, August 1997, pp 1-8.,
1997.
Pauley, T. and Priestley, M.J.N (1992) "seismic design of reinforced and masonry buildings" WileyInterscienceInc, USA, 1992,
1992.
Das, D., Murty, C. V. R. (2004) "Brick masonry infil in seismic design of Rc framed buildings :part 1-Cost implications" The
indian concrete journal july 2004, vol78 No7 : 39-43l, 2004.
Smith, S. B. & carter, 1969. A method of analysis for infilled frames. proc. of Institution of Civil Engineering part 2, 44,
1969:31:48, 1969.
FEMA306. Evaluation of Earthquake damaged cocrete and masonry wall building - Basic procedures manual. Washington, D.C. :
Federal Emergency Management Agency., 1997.
BARYAM. Dynamicc of Complex Systems. Addison-Wesley, 1997.
ETABS9.7.0. Nonlinear Version 9.7.0. 2000. Extended 3-D analysis of the Bbuilding Systems computers and structures Inc. 2000
Berkeley, california, 2000.
ATC40. seismic evaluation and Retrofit of Cocrete Buildings, Applied Technology Council, redwood City, CA., 1996.
IS456. Bureau of Indian Standards code, IS456-2000,"Plain and reinforced concrete-code of Practic",Bureau of Indian Standards,
New Delhi, India., 2000.
IS1893. Bureau of indian Standards code, IS1893-2002, "Criteria for earthquake resistant design of structures", part I: General
Provisionsand Buildings, Fifth revisio, Bureau of Indian Standards, New delhi, India., 2002.
www.ijmer.com
3078 | Page