International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Network Reconfiguration in Distribution Systems Using Harmony Search AlgorithmIOSRJEEE
This manuscript explores feeder reconfiguration in distribution networks and presents an efficient method to optimize the radial distribution system by means of simultaneous reconfiguration. Network Reconfiguration of radial distribution system is a significant way of altering the power flow through the lines. This assessment presents a modern method to solve the network reconfiguration problem with an objective of minimizing real power loss and improving the voltage profile in radial distribution system (RDS). A precise and load flow algorithm is applied and the objective function is formulated to solve the problem which includes power loss minimization. HSA Algorithm is utilized to restructure and identify the optimal strap switches for minimization of real power loss in a distribution network.. The strategy has been tested on IEEE 33-bus and 69- bus systems to show the accomplishment and the adequacy of the proposed technique. The results demonstrate that a significant reduction in real power losses and improvement of voltage profiles.
Oscillatory Stability Prediction Using PSO Based Synchronizing and Damping To...journalBEEI
This paper presents the assessment of stability domains for the angle stability condition of the power system using Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) technique. An efficient optimization method using PSO for synchronizing torque coefficients Ksand damping torque coefficients Kd to identify the angle stability condition on multi-machine system. In order to accelerate the determination of angle stability, PSO is proposed to be implemented in this study. The application of the proposed algorithm has been justified as the most accurate with lower computation time as compared to other optimization techniques such as Evolutionary Programming (EP) and Artificial Immune System (AIS). Validation with respect to eigenvalues determination, Least Square (LS) method and minimum damping ratio ξmin confirmed that the proposed technique is feasible to solve the angle stability problems.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Power loss reduction, improvement of voltage profile, system reliability and system security are the important objectives that motivated researchers to use custom power devices/FACTS devices in power systems. The existing power quality problems such as power losses, voltage instability, voltage profile problem, load ability issues, energy losses, reliability problems etc. are caused due to continuous load growth and outage of components. The significant qualities of custom power devices /FACTS devices such as power loss reduction, improvement of voltage profile, system reliability and system security have motivated researchers in this area and to implement these devices in power system. The optimal placement and sizing of these devices are determined based on economical viability, required quality, reliability and availability. In published literatures, different algorithms are implemented for optimal placement of these devices based on different conditions. In this paper, the published literatures on this field are comprehensively reviewed and elaborate comparison of various algorithms is compared. The inference of this extensive comparative analysis is presented. In this research, Meta heuristic methods and sensitive index methods are used for determining the optimal location and sizing of custom power devices/FACTS devices. The combination of these two methods are also implemented and presented.
Robust Evolutionary Approach to Mitigate Low Frequency Oscillation in a Multi...IDES Editor
This paper proposes a new optimization algorithm
known as Modified Shuffled Frog Leaping Algorithm (MSFLA)
for optimal designing of PSSs controller. The design problem
of the proposed controller is formulated as an optimization
problem and MSFLA is employed to search for optimal
controller parameters. An eigenvalue based objective function
reflecting the combination of damping factor and damping
ratio is optimized for different operating conditions. The
proposed approach is applied to optimal design of multimachine
power system stabilizers. Three different power
systems, A Single Machine Infinite Bus (SMIB), four-machine
of Kundur and ten-machine New England systems are
considered. The obtained results are evaluated and compared
with other results obtained by Genetic Algorithm (GA).
Eigenvalue analysis and nonlinear system simulations assure
the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed controller in
providing good damping characteristic to system oscillations
and enhancing the system dynamic stability under different
operating conditions and disturbances.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Network Reconfiguration in Distribution Systems Using Harmony Search AlgorithmIOSRJEEE
This manuscript explores feeder reconfiguration in distribution networks and presents an efficient method to optimize the radial distribution system by means of simultaneous reconfiguration. Network Reconfiguration of radial distribution system is a significant way of altering the power flow through the lines. This assessment presents a modern method to solve the network reconfiguration problem with an objective of minimizing real power loss and improving the voltage profile in radial distribution system (RDS). A precise and load flow algorithm is applied and the objective function is formulated to solve the problem which includes power loss minimization. HSA Algorithm is utilized to restructure and identify the optimal strap switches for minimization of real power loss in a distribution network.. The strategy has been tested on IEEE 33-bus and 69- bus systems to show the accomplishment and the adequacy of the proposed technique. The results demonstrate that a significant reduction in real power losses and improvement of voltage profiles.
Oscillatory Stability Prediction Using PSO Based Synchronizing and Damping To...journalBEEI
This paper presents the assessment of stability domains for the angle stability condition of the power system using Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) technique. An efficient optimization method using PSO for synchronizing torque coefficients Ksand damping torque coefficients Kd to identify the angle stability condition on multi-machine system. In order to accelerate the determination of angle stability, PSO is proposed to be implemented in this study. The application of the proposed algorithm has been justified as the most accurate with lower computation time as compared to other optimization techniques such as Evolutionary Programming (EP) and Artificial Immune System (AIS). Validation with respect to eigenvalues determination, Least Square (LS) method and minimum damping ratio ξmin confirmed that the proposed technique is feasible to solve the angle stability problems.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Power loss reduction, improvement of voltage profile, system reliability and system security are the important objectives that motivated researchers to use custom power devices/FACTS devices in power systems. The existing power quality problems such as power losses, voltage instability, voltage profile problem, load ability issues, energy losses, reliability problems etc. are caused due to continuous load growth and outage of components. The significant qualities of custom power devices /FACTS devices such as power loss reduction, improvement of voltage profile, system reliability and system security have motivated researchers in this area and to implement these devices in power system. The optimal placement and sizing of these devices are determined based on economical viability, required quality, reliability and availability. In published literatures, different algorithms are implemented for optimal placement of these devices based on different conditions. In this paper, the published literatures on this field are comprehensively reviewed and elaborate comparison of various algorithms is compared. The inference of this extensive comparative analysis is presented. In this research, Meta heuristic methods and sensitive index methods are used for determining the optimal location and sizing of custom power devices/FACTS devices. The combination of these two methods are also implemented and presented.
Robust Evolutionary Approach to Mitigate Low Frequency Oscillation in a Multi...IDES Editor
This paper proposes a new optimization algorithm
known as Modified Shuffled Frog Leaping Algorithm (MSFLA)
for optimal designing of PSSs controller. The design problem
of the proposed controller is formulated as an optimization
problem and MSFLA is employed to search for optimal
controller parameters. An eigenvalue based objective function
reflecting the combination of damping factor and damping
ratio is optimized for different operating conditions. The
proposed approach is applied to optimal design of multimachine
power system stabilizers. Three different power
systems, A Single Machine Infinite Bus (SMIB), four-machine
of Kundur and ten-machine New England systems are
considered. The obtained results are evaluated and compared
with other results obtained by Genetic Algorithm (GA).
Eigenvalue analysis and nonlinear system simulations assure
the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed controller in
providing good damping characteristic to system oscillations
and enhancing the system dynamic stability under different
operating conditions and disturbances.
VOLTAGE PROFILE IMPROVEMENT AND LINE LOSSES REDUCTION USING DG USING GSA AND ...Journal For Research
In recent years, the power industry has experienced significant changes on the power distribution systems primarily due to the implementation of smart-grid technology and the incremental implementation of distributed generation. Distributed Generation (DG) is simply defined as the decentralization of power plants by placing smaller generating units closer to the point of consumption, traditionally ten mega-watts or smaller. The distribution power system is generally designed for radial power flow, but with the introduction of DG, power flow becomes bidirectional. Therefore this thesis focuses on testing various indices and using effective techniques for the optimal placement and sizing of the DG unit by minimizing power losses and voltage deviation. A 14-bus radial distribution system has been taken as the test system. The feasibility of the work lies on the fast execution of the programs as it would be equipped with the real time operation of the distribution system and it is seen that execution of the DG placement is quite fast and feasible with the optimization techniques used in this work.
Optimal planning of RDGs in electrical distribution networks using hybrid SAP...IJECEIAES
The impact of the renewable distributed generations (RDGs), such as photovoltaic (PV) and wind turbine (WT) systems can be positive or negative on the system, based on the location and size of the DG. So, the correct location and size of DG in the distribution network remain an obstacle to achieving their full possible benefits. Therefore, the future distribution networks with the high penetration of DG power must be planned and operated to improve their efficiency. Thus, this paper presents a new methodology for integrated of renewable energy-based DG units with electrical distribution network. Since the main objective of the proposed methodology is to reduce the power losses and improve the voltage profile of the radial distribution system (RDS). In this regard, the optimization problem was formulated using loss sensitivity factor (LSF), simulated annealing (SA), particle swarm optimization (PSO) and a combination of loss sensitivity index (LSI) with SA and PSO (LSISA, LSIPSO) respectively. This paper contributes a new methodology SAPSO, which prevents the defects of SA and PSO. Optimal placement and sizing of renewable energy-based DG tested on 33-bus system. The results demonstrate the reliability and robustness of the proposed SAPSO algorithm to find the near-optimal position and size of the DG units to mitigate the power losses and improve the radial distribution system's voltage profile.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Performance comparison of distributed generation installation arrangement in ...journalBEEI
Placing Distributed Generation (DG) into a power network should be planned wisely. In this paper, the comparison of having different installation arrangement of real-power DGs in transmission system for loss control is presented. Immune-brainstorm-evolutionary programme (IBSEP) was chosen as the optimization technique. It is found that optimizing fixed-size DGs locations gives the highest loss reduction percentage. Apart from that, scattered small-sized DGs throughout a network minimizes transmission loss more than allocating one biger-sized DG at a location.
Cost Aware Expansion Planning with Renewable DGs using Particle Swarm Optimiz...IJERA Editor
This Paper is an attempt to develop the expansion-planning algorithm using meta heuristics algorithms. Expansion Planning is always needed as the power demand is increasing every now and then. Thus for a better expansion planning the meta heuristic methods are needed. The cost efficient Expansion planning is desired in the proposed work. Recently distributed generation is widely researched to implement in future energy needs as it is pollution free and capability of installing it in rural places. In this paper, optimal distributed generation expansion planning with Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Cuckoo Search Algorithm (CSA) for identifying the location, size and type of distributed generator for future demand is predicted with lowest cost as the constraints. Here the objective function is to minimize the total cost including installation and operating cost of the renewable DGs. MATLAB based `simulation using M-file program is used for the implementation and Indian distribution system is used for testing the results.
AN IMPROVED METHOD FOR IDENTIFYING WELL-TEST INTERPRETATION MODEL BASED ON AG...IAEME Publication
This paper presents an approach based on applying an aggregated predictor formed by multiple versions of a multilayer neural network with a back-propagation optimization algorithm for helping the engineer to get a list of the most appropriate well-test interpretation models for a given set of pressure/ production data. The proposed method consists of three stages: (1) data decorrelation through principal component analysis to reduce the covariance between the variables and the dimension of the input layer in the artificial neural network, (2) bootstrap replicates of the learning set where the data is repeatedly sampled with a random split of the data into train sets and using these as new learning sets, and (3) automatic reservoir model identification through aggregated predictor formed by a plurality vote when predicting a new class. This method is described in detail to ensure successful replication of results. The required training and test dataset were generated by using analytical solution models. In our case, there were used 600 samples: 300 for training, 100 for cross-validation, and 200 for testing. Different network structures were tested during this study to arrive at optimum network design. We notice that the single net methodology always brings about confusion in selecting the correct model even though the training results for the constructed networks are close to 1. We notice also that the principal component analysis is an effective strategy in reducing the number of input features, simplifying the network structure, and lowering the training time of the ANN. The results obtained show that the proposed model provides better performance when predicting new data with a coefficient of correlation approximately equal to 95% Compared to a previous approach 80%, the combination of the PCA and ANN is more stable and determine the more accurate results with lesser computational complexity than was feasible previously. Clearly, the aggregated predictor is more stable and shows less bad classes compared to the previous approach.
Enhancing radial distribution system performance by optimal placement of DST...IJECEIAES
In this paper, A novel modified optimization method was used to find the optimal location and size for placing distribution Static Compensator in the radial distribution test feeder in order to improve its performance by minimizing the total power losses of the test feeder, enhancing the voltage profile and reducing the costs. The modified grey wolf optimization algorithm is used for the first time to solve this kind of optimization problem. An objective function was developed to study the radial distribution system included total power loss of the system and costs due to power loss in system. The proposed method is applied to two different test distribution feeders (33 bus and 69 bus test systems) using different Dstatcom sizes and the acquired results were analyzed and compared to other recent optimization methods applied to the same test feeders to ensure the effectiveness of the used method and its superiority over other recent optimization mehods. The major findings from obtained results that the applied technique found the most minimized total power loss in system, the best improved voltage profile and most reduction in costs due power loss compared to other methods.
This paper presents the implementation of multiple distributed generations planning in distribution system using computational intelligence technique. A pre-developed computational intelligence optimization technique named as Embedded Meta EP-Firefly Algorithm (EMEFA) was utilized to determine distribution loss and penetration level for the purpose of distributed generation (DG) installation. In this study, the Artificial Neural Network (ANN) was used in order to solve the complexity of the multiple DG concepts. EMEFA-ANN was developed to optimize the weight of the ANN to minimize the mean squared error. The proposed method was validated on IEEE 69 Bus distribution system with several load variations scenario. The case study was conducted based on the multiple unit of DG in distribution system by considering the DGs are modeled as type I which is capable of injecting real power. Results obtained from the study could be utilized by the utility and energy commission for loss reduction scheme in distribution system.
Estimation of Weekly Reference Evapotranspiration using Linear Regression and...IDES Editor
The study investigates the applicability of linear
regression and ANN models for estimating weekly reference
evapotranspiration (ET0) at Tirupati, Nellore, Rajahmundry,
Anakapalli and Rajendranagar regions of Andhra Pradesh.
The climatic parameters influencing ET0 were identified
through multiple and partial correlation analysis. The
sunshine, temperature, wind velocity and relative humidity
mostly influenced the study area in the weekly ET0 estimation.
Linear regression models in terms of the climatic parameters
influencing the regions and, optimal neural network
architectures considering these climatic parameters as inputs
were developed. The models’ performance was evaluated with
respect to ET0 estimated by FAO-56 Penman-Monteith method.
The linear regression models showed a satisfactory
performance in the weekly ET0 estimation in the regions
selected for the present study. The ANN (4,4,1) models,
however, consistently showed a slightly improved performance
over linear regression models.
International Journal of Engineering Research and DevelopmentIJERD Editor
• Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering,
• Information Engineering and Technology,
• Mechanical, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering,
• Automation and Mechatronics Engineering,
• Material and Chemical Engineering,
• Civil and Architecture Engineering,
• Biotechnology and Bio Engineering,
• Environmental Engineering,
• Petroleum and Mining Engineering,
• Marine and Agriculture engineering,
• Aerospace Engineering
Number of Iteration Analysis for Complex FSS Shape Using GA for Efficient ESGjournalBEEI
ESG stand for Energy-Saving Glass is a special shielded glass with a metallic oxide layer to abuse undesirable of infrared and ultraviolet radiation into construction assemblies like our home. Firstly, different number of the iteration is the main thing to study a performance of the frequency selective surface shape using genetic algorithm (GA) for efficient energy saving glass (ESG). Three different values for the number of iterations were taken that is 1500, 2000 1nd 5000. Before that, the response of this complex FSS shape on incident electromagnetic wave with different symmetry shape are investigating. Three of them are no symmetrical shape, ¼ symmetrical shape, and 1/8 symmetrical shape. The 1500 number simulation considered about 89.000 per second, compared with 2000 iteration and 5000 iterations had consumed 105.09 per second and 196.00 per second, respectively. For 1/8 symmetry complex FSS shape, it demonstrations the improved performance of transmission loss at 1.2 GHz with - 40 dB. A 2 dB of transmission loss is achieved at WLAN application of 2.45 GHz with 0°, 30°, and 45° incidence angle shows
Multi Area Economic Dispatch Using Secant Method and Tie Line MatrixIJAPEJOURNAL
In this paper, Secant method and tie line matrix are proposed to solve multi area economic dispatch (MAED) problem with tie line loss. Generator limits of all generators in each area are calculated at given area power demands plus export (or import) using secant method and the generator limits of all generators are modified as modified generator limits. Central economic dispatch (CED) problem is used to determine the output powers of all generators and finally power flows in all tie lines are determined from tie line matrix. Here, Secant method is applied to solve the CED problem. A modified tie line matrix is used to find power flow in each tie line and then tie line loss is calculated from the power flow in each tie line. The proposed approach has been tested on two-area (two generators in each area) system and four-area (four generators in each area) system. It is observed from various cases that the proposed approach provides optimally best solution in terms of cost with tie line loss with less computational burden.
Loss issue is significant in power system since it affects the operation of power system, which ultimately can be translated to monetary effect. Incremental demand that explicitly adding the reactive load causes extra heating losses in the transmission circuit. Without appropriate remedial control, the temperature increase on transmission line cable would end with insulation failure. This phenomenon can be alleviated with a proper compensation scheme that provides optimal solution along with avoidance of under-compensation or over-compensation. Evolutionary Programming (EP) has been recognised as one of the powerful optimisation technique, applied in solving power system problems. Nevertheless, EP is an old technique that sometimes could reach to a settlement that is not fully satisfied. Thus, the need fora new approach to improve the setback is urgent. This paper presents immunized-evolutionary algorithm based technique for loss control in transmission system with multi-load increment. The classical EP was integrated with immune algorithm so as to reduce the computational burden experienced by the classical EP.The algorithm has been tested on an IEEE 12-Bus System and IEEE 14-Bus System.Comparative study was conducted between EP and IEP in terms of optimisation performance. The optimal size and location of PV determined by IEP was able to control the loss in transmission system when the load increases. Results obtained from the studies revealed the merit of the proposed IEP; indicating its feasibility for future implementation in practical system.
Prospective Evaluation of Intra operative Nucleus 22-channel cochlear implant...IJMER
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) is Peer reviewed, online Journal. It serves as an international archival forum of scholarly research related to engineering and science education.
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) covers all the fields of engineering and science: Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Civil Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Computer Engineering, Agricultural Engineering, Aerospace Engineering, Thermodynamics, Structural Engineering, Control Engineering, Robotics, Mechatronics, Fluid Mechanics, Nanotechnology, Simulators, Web-based Learning, Remote Laboratories, Engineering Design Methods, Education Research, Students' Satisfaction and Motivation, Global Projects, and Assessment…. And many more.
A Novel Method for Creating and Recognizing User Behavior ProfilesIJMER
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) is Peer reviewed, online Journal. It serves as an international archival forum of scholarly research related to engineering and science education.
VOLTAGE PROFILE IMPROVEMENT AND LINE LOSSES REDUCTION USING DG USING GSA AND ...Journal For Research
In recent years, the power industry has experienced significant changes on the power distribution systems primarily due to the implementation of smart-grid technology and the incremental implementation of distributed generation. Distributed Generation (DG) is simply defined as the decentralization of power plants by placing smaller generating units closer to the point of consumption, traditionally ten mega-watts or smaller. The distribution power system is generally designed for radial power flow, but with the introduction of DG, power flow becomes bidirectional. Therefore this thesis focuses on testing various indices and using effective techniques for the optimal placement and sizing of the DG unit by minimizing power losses and voltage deviation. A 14-bus radial distribution system has been taken as the test system. The feasibility of the work lies on the fast execution of the programs as it would be equipped with the real time operation of the distribution system and it is seen that execution of the DG placement is quite fast and feasible with the optimization techniques used in this work.
Optimal planning of RDGs in electrical distribution networks using hybrid SAP...IJECEIAES
The impact of the renewable distributed generations (RDGs), such as photovoltaic (PV) and wind turbine (WT) systems can be positive or negative on the system, based on the location and size of the DG. So, the correct location and size of DG in the distribution network remain an obstacle to achieving their full possible benefits. Therefore, the future distribution networks with the high penetration of DG power must be planned and operated to improve their efficiency. Thus, this paper presents a new methodology for integrated of renewable energy-based DG units with electrical distribution network. Since the main objective of the proposed methodology is to reduce the power losses and improve the voltage profile of the radial distribution system (RDS). In this regard, the optimization problem was formulated using loss sensitivity factor (LSF), simulated annealing (SA), particle swarm optimization (PSO) and a combination of loss sensitivity index (LSI) with SA and PSO (LSISA, LSIPSO) respectively. This paper contributes a new methodology SAPSO, which prevents the defects of SA and PSO. Optimal placement and sizing of renewable energy-based DG tested on 33-bus system. The results demonstrate the reliability and robustness of the proposed SAPSO algorithm to find the near-optimal position and size of the DG units to mitigate the power losses and improve the radial distribution system's voltage profile.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Performance comparison of distributed generation installation arrangement in ...journalBEEI
Placing Distributed Generation (DG) into a power network should be planned wisely. In this paper, the comparison of having different installation arrangement of real-power DGs in transmission system for loss control is presented. Immune-brainstorm-evolutionary programme (IBSEP) was chosen as the optimization technique. It is found that optimizing fixed-size DGs locations gives the highest loss reduction percentage. Apart from that, scattered small-sized DGs throughout a network minimizes transmission loss more than allocating one biger-sized DG at a location.
Cost Aware Expansion Planning with Renewable DGs using Particle Swarm Optimiz...IJERA Editor
This Paper is an attempt to develop the expansion-planning algorithm using meta heuristics algorithms. Expansion Planning is always needed as the power demand is increasing every now and then. Thus for a better expansion planning the meta heuristic methods are needed. The cost efficient Expansion planning is desired in the proposed work. Recently distributed generation is widely researched to implement in future energy needs as it is pollution free and capability of installing it in rural places. In this paper, optimal distributed generation expansion planning with Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Cuckoo Search Algorithm (CSA) for identifying the location, size and type of distributed generator for future demand is predicted with lowest cost as the constraints. Here the objective function is to minimize the total cost including installation and operating cost of the renewable DGs. MATLAB based `simulation using M-file program is used for the implementation and Indian distribution system is used for testing the results.
AN IMPROVED METHOD FOR IDENTIFYING WELL-TEST INTERPRETATION MODEL BASED ON AG...IAEME Publication
This paper presents an approach based on applying an aggregated predictor formed by multiple versions of a multilayer neural network with a back-propagation optimization algorithm for helping the engineer to get a list of the most appropriate well-test interpretation models for a given set of pressure/ production data. The proposed method consists of three stages: (1) data decorrelation through principal component analysis to reduce the covariance between the variables and the dimension of the input layer in the artificial neural network, (2) bootstrap replicates of the learning set where the data is repeatedly sampled with a random split of the data into train sets and using these as new learning sets, and (3) automatic reservoir model identification through aggregated predictor formed by a plurality vote when predicting a new class. This method is described in detail to ensure successful replication of results. The required training and test dataset were generated by using analytical solution models. In our case, there were used 600 samples: 300 for training, 100 for cross-validation, and 200 for testing. Different network structures were tested during this study to arrive at optimum network design. We notice that the single net methodology always brings about confusion in selecting the correct model even though the training results for the constructed networks are close to 1. We notice also that the principal component analysis is an effective strategy in reducing the number of input features, simplifying the network structure, and lowering the training time of the ANN. The results obtained show that the proposed model provides better performance when predicting new data with a coefficient of correlation approximately equal to 95% Compared to a previous approach 80%, the combination of the PCA and ANN is more stable and determine the more accurate results with lesser computational complexity than was feasible previously. Clearly, the aggregated predictor is more stable and shows less bad classes compared to the previous approach.
Enhancing radial distribution system performance by optimal placement of DST...IJECEIAES
In this paper, A novel modified optimization method was used to find the optimal location and size for placing distribution Static Compensator in the radial distribution test feeder in order to improve its performance by minimizing the total power losses of the test feeder, enhancing the voltage profile and reducing the costs. The modified grey wolf optimization algorithm is used for the first time to solve this kind of optimization problem. An objective function was developed to study the radial distribution system included total power loss of the system and costs due to power loss in system. The proposed method is applied to two different test distribution feeders (33 bus and 69 bus test systems) using different Dstatcom sizes and the acquired results were analyzed and compared to other recent optimization methods applied to the same test feeders to ensure the effectiveness of the used method and its superiority over other recent optimization mehods. The major findings from obtained results that the applied technique found the most minimized total power loss in system, the best improved voltage profile and most reduction in costs due power loss compared to other methods.
This paper presents the implementation of multiple distributed generations planning in distribution system using computational intelligence technique. A pre-developed computational intelligence optimization technique named as Embedded Meta EP-Firefly Algorithm (EMEFA) was utilized to determine distribution loss and penetration level for the purpose of distributed generation (DG) installation. In this study, the Artificial Neural Network (ANN) was used in order to solve the complexity of the multiple DG concepts. EMEFA-ANN was developed to optimize the weight of the ANN to minimize the mean squared error. The proposed method was validated on IEEE 69 Bus distribution system with several load variations scenario. The case study was conducted based on the multiple unit of DG in distribution system by considering the DGs are modeled as type I which is capable of injecting real power. Results obtained from the study could be utilized by the utility and energy commission for loss reduction scheme in distribution system.
Estimation of Weekly Reference Evapotranspiration using Linear Regression and...IDES Editor
The study investigates the applicability of linear
regression and ANN models for estimating weekly reference
evapotranspiration (ET0) at Tirupati, Nellore, Rajahmundry,
Anakapalli and Rajendranagar regions of Andhra Pradesh.
The climatic parameters influencing ET0 were identified
through multiple and partial correlation analysis. The
sunshine, temperature, wind velocity and relative humidity
mostly influenced the study area in the weekly ET0 estimation.
Linear regression models in terms of the climatic parameters
influencing the regions and, optimal neural network
architectures considering these climatic parameters as inputs
were developed. The models’ performance was evaluated with
respect to ET0 estimated by FAO-56 Penman-Monteith method.
The linear regression models showed a satisfactory
performance in the weekly ET0 estimation in the regions
selected for the present study. The ANN (4,4,1) models,
however, consistently showed a slightly improved performance
over linear regression models.
International Journal of Engineering Research and DevelopmentIJERD Editor
• Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering,
• Information Engineering and Technology,
• Mechanical, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering,
• Automation and Mechatronics Engineering,
• Material and Chemical Engineering,
• Civil and Architecture Engineering,
• Biotechnology and Bio Engineering,
• Environmental Engineering,
• Petroleum and Mining Engineering,
• Marine and Agriculture engineering,
• Aerospace Engineering
Number of Iteration Analysis for Complex FSS Shape Using GA for Efficient ESGjournalBEEI
ESG stand for Energy-Saving Glass is a special shielded glass with a metallic oxide layer to abuse undesirable of infrared and ultraviolet radiation into construction assemblies like our home. Firstly, different number of the iteration is the main thing to study a performance of the frequency selective surface shape using genetic algorithm (GA) for efficient energy saving glass (ESG). Three different values for the number of iterations were taken that is 1500, 2000 1nd 5000. Before that, the response of this complex FSS shape on incident electromagnetic wave with different symmetry shape are investigating. Three of them are no symmetrical shape, ¼ symmetrical shape, and 1/8 symmetrical shape. The 1500 number simulation considered about 89.000 per second, compared with 2000 iteration and 5000 iterations had consumed 105.09 per second and 196.00 per second, respectively. For 1/8 symmetry complex FSS shape, it demonstrations the improved performance of transmission loss at 1.2 GHz with - 40 dB. A 2 dB of transmission loss is achieved at WLAN application of 2.45 GHz with 0°, 30°, and 45° incidence angle shows
Multi Area Economic Dispatch Using Secant Method and Tie Line MatrixIJAPEJOURNAL
In this paper, Secant method and tie line matrix are proposed to solve multi area economic dispatch (MAED) problem with tie line loss. Generator limits of all generators in each area are calculated at given area power demands plus export (or import) using secant method and the generator limits of all generators are modified as modified generator limits. Central economic dispatch (CED) problem is used to determine the output powers of all generators and finally power flows in all tie lines are determined from tie line matrix. Here, Secant method is applied to solve the CED problem. A modified tie line matrix is used to find power flow in each tie line and then tie line loss is calculated from the power flow in each tie line. The proposed approach has been tested on two-area (two generators in each area) system and four-area (four generators in each area) system. It is observed from various cases that the proposed approach provides optimally best solution in terms of cost with tie line loss with less computational burden.
Loss issue is significant in power system since it affects the operation of power system, which ultimately can be translated to monetary effect. Incremental demand that explicitly adding the reactive load causes extra heating losses in the transmission circuit. Without appropriate remedial control, the temperature increase on transmission line cable would end with insulation failure. This phenomenon can be alleviated with a proper compensation scheme that provides optimal solution along with avoidance of under-compensation or over-compensation. Evolutionary Programming (EP) has been recognised as one of the powerful optimisation technique, applied in solving power system problems. Nevertheless, EP is an old technique that sometimes could reach to a settlement that is not fully satisfied. Thus, the need fora new approach to improve the setback is urgent. This paper presents immunized-evolutionary algorithm based technique for loss control in transmission system with multi-load increment. The classical EP was integrated with immune algorithm so as to reduce the computational burden experienced by the classical EP.The algorithm has been tested on an IEEE 12-Bus System and IEEE 14-Bus System.Comparative study was conducted between EP and IEP in terms of optimisation performance. The optimal size and location of PV determined by IEP was able to control the loss in transmission system when the load increases. Results obtained from the studies revealed the merit of the proposed IEP; indicating its feasibility for future implementation in practical system.
Prospective Evaluation of Intra operative Nucleus 22-channel cochlear implant...IJMER
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) is Peer reviewed, online Journal. It serves as an international archival forum of scholarly research related to engineering and science education.
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) covers all the fields of engineering and science: Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Civil Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Computer Engineering, Agricultural Engineering, Aerospace Engineering, Thermodynamics, Structural Engineering, Control Engineering, Robotics, Mechatronics, Fluid Mechanics, Nanotechnology, Simulators, Web-based Learning, Remote Laboratories, Engineering Design Methods, Education Research, Students' Satisfaction and Motivation, Global Projects, and Assessment…. And many more.
A Novel Method for Creating and Recognizing User Behavior ProfilesIJMER
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) is Peer reviewed, online Journal. It serves as an international archival forum of scholarly research related to engineering and science education.
Modelling the Effect of Industrial Effluents on Water Quality: “A Case Study ...IJMER
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) is Peer reviewed, online Journal. It serves as an international archival forum of scholarly research related to engineering and science education.
High Speed Fault Injection Tool (FITO) Implemented With VHDL on FPGA For Test...IJMER
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) is Peer reviewed, online Journal. It serves as an international archival forum of scholarly research related to engineering and science education.
Dynamic Spectrum Allocation in Wireless sensor NetworksIJMER
Radio frequency spectrum is considered the most expensive and scarce resource among all wireless
network resources, and it is closely followed by the energy consumption, especially in low energy, battery powered
wireless sensor network devices. These days, there is a tremendous growth in the applications of wireless sensor
networks (WSNs) operating in unlicensed spectrum bands (ISM). Moreover, due to the rapid growth of wireless
devices that are designed to be operated in unlicensed spectrum bands, these spectrum bands have been overcrowded.
The problem with overcrowded spectrum or scarcity of spectrum can be solved by Dynamic Allocation of Spectrum.
In this paper we have presented the implementation and analysis of dynamic spectrum allocation in Wireless Sensors
Networks using the concept of Cognitive Radio Ad Hoc Network.
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) is Peer reviewed, online Journal. It serves as an international archival forum of scholarly research related to engineering and science education.
A Unique Approach for Data Hiding Using Audio SteganographyIJMER
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) is Peer reviewed, online Journal. It serves as an international archival forum of scholarly research related to engineering and science education.
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) covers all the fields of engineering and science: Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Civil Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Computer Engineering, Agricultural Engineering, Aerospace Engineering, Thermodynamics, Structural Engineering, Control Engineering, Robotics, Mechatronics, Fluid Mechanics, Nanotechnology, Simulators, Web-based Learning, Remote Laboratories, Engineering Design Methods, Education Research, Students' Satisfaction and Motivation, Global Projects, and Assessment…. And many more.
Fabrication and Characterization of PPS /40%GF/nano-CaCo3 Hybrid CompositesIJMER
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) is Peer reviewed, online Journal. It serves as an international archival forum of scholarly research related to engineering and science education.
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) covers all the fields of engineering and science: Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Civil Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Computer Engineering, Agricultural Engineering, Aerospace Engineering, Thermodynamics, Structural Engineering, Control Engineering, Robotics, Mechatronics, Fluid Mechanics, Nanotechnology, Simulators, Web-based Learning, Remote Laboratories, Engineering Design Methods, Education Research, Students' Satisfaction and Motivation, Global Projects, and Assessment…. And many more.
Effects of Continuous Cooling On Impact and Micro Structural Properties of Lo...IJMER
Some mechanical properties and microstructural analysis were conducted on shielded
metal arc weldments of low carbon steels in some simulated environments. Specimens were prepared
and subjected to welding and continuous cooling at the same time at various positions. Results obtained
for impact strength using Charpy impact testing machine showed that impact strength of water cooled
samples were higher compared to salty water cooled samples. This is due to the increased formation of
martensitic structure and finer pearlite grains. The microstructure of the samples was studied using
photographic visual metallurgical microscope. For low cooling rate as in the air cooled sample, the
austenite was observed to transform into ferrite and pearlite. Ferrite is a body-centred cubic crystal
structure of iron alloys. For higher cooling rates of water and salt water cooled samples, low
temperature transformation products like bainite (an acicular microstructure which is not a phase) or
martensite (a very hard form of steel crystalline structure) were formed. The salt water cooled samples
had more martensite regions because of the increased cooling rate
An Effective Tea Leaf Recognition Algorithm for Plant Classification Using Ra...IJMER
A leaf is an organ of a vascular plant, as identified in botanical terms, and in particular in plant morphology. Naturally a leaf is a thin, flattened organ bear above ground and it is mainly used for photosynthesis. Recognition of plants has become an active area of research as most of the plant species are at the risk of extinction. Most of the leaves cannot be recognized easily since some are not flat (e.g. succulent leaves and conifers), some does not grow above ground (e.g. bulb scales), and some does not undergo photosynthetic function (e.g. cataphylls, spines, and cotyledons).In this paper, we mainly focused on tea leaves to identify the leaf type for improving tea leaf classification. Tea leaf images are loaded from digital cameras or scanners in the system. This proposed approach consists of three phases such as preprocessing, feature extraction and classification to process the loaded image. The tea leaf images can be identified accurately in the preprocessing phase by fuzzy denoising using Dual Tree Discrete Wavelet Transform (DT-DWT) in order to remove the noisy features and boundary enhancement to obtain the shape of leaf accurately. In the feature extraction phase, Digital Morphological Features (DMFs) are derived to improve the classification accuracy. Radial Basis Function (RBF) is used for efficient classification. The RBF is trained by 60 tea leaves to classify them into 6 types. Experimental results proved that the proposed method classifies the tea leaves with more accuracy in less time. Thus, the proposed method achieves more accuracy in retrieving the leaf type.
(MCKIBBEN’S MUSCLE) Robots Make Our Work Lighter, But We Have Made the Robots...IJMER
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) is Peer reviewed, online Journal. It serves as an international archival forum of scholarly research related to engineering and science education.
Stability of the Equilibrium Position of the Centre of Mass of an Inextensibl...IJMER
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) is Peer reviewed, online Journal. It serves as an international archival forum of scholarly research related to engineering and science education.
A survey on Inverse ECG (electrocardiogram) based approachesIJMER
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) is Peer reviewed, online Journal. It serves as an international archival forum of scholarly research related to engineering and science education.
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) covers all the fields of engineering and science: Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Civil Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Computer Engineering, Agricultural Engineering, Aerospace Engineering, Thermodynamics, Structural Engineering, Control Engineering, Robotics, Mechatronics, Fluid Mechanics, Nanotechnology, Simulators, Web-based Learning, Remote Laboratories, Engineering Design Methods, Education Research, Students' Satisfaction and Motivation, Global Projects, and Assessment…. And many more.
Solar technology is the novel technology which uses the natural sunlight to produce
electricity. It uses the combination of three simple technologies that is turbine, vertical chimney of some
longer height and glass roof collector for absorbing the sun radiations. By proper utilization of this
technology the electricity can be generated in abidance and continuously for twenty four hours
throughout the year in county like India where there is sunlight almost for nine months in the major part
of the country. Much advancement has taken place in this technology for last three decades but the full
utilization of this technology has not taken place because of various aspects. This paper presents the
critical review of this important technology in the form of the advancements and developments taken
place in various parts of the world and analyzes its important aspects.
Voltage Profile Improvement of distribution system Using Particle Swarm Optim...IJERA Editor
Distributed generations (DGs) play an important role in distribution networks. Distributed generation (DG) exists in distribution systems and is installed by either the utility or the customers. Distributed Generators (DGs) are now commonly used in distribution systems to reduce the power disruption in the power system network. Due to the installation of DGs in the system, the total power loss can be reduced and voltage profile of the buses can be improved due to this power quality of the distribution system is improved. Studies show that non-optimal locations and non-optimal sizes of DG units may lead to losses increase, together with bad effect on voltage profile. So, this paper aims at determining optimal DG allocation and sizing. To do so, the optimization technique named Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) is used .this Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) approach), capable to establish the optimal DG allocation and sizing on a distribution network. This paper presents optimal placement and estimation of distributed generation (DG) capacity using Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) approach in the distribution systems to reduce the real power losses and to gain voltage profile improvement. The proposed (PSO) based approach is tested on an IEEE 30-bus test system.
OPTIMAL RECONFIGURATION OF POWER DISTRIBUTION RADIAL NETWORK USING HYBRID MET...IAEME Publication
Distribution system is a critical link between the electric power distributor and the consumers. Most of the distribution networks commonly used by the electric utility is the radial distribution network. However in this type of network, it has technical issues such as enormous power losses which affect the quality of the supply. Nowadays, the introduction of Distributed Generation (DG) units in the system help improve and support the voltage profile of the network as well as the performance of the system components through power loss mitigation. In this study network reconfiguration was done using two meta-heuristic algorithms Particle Swarm Optimization and Gravitational Search Algorithm (PSO-GSA) to enhance power quality and voltage profile in the system when simultaneously applied with the DG units. Backward/Forward Sweep Method was used in the load flow analysis and simulated using the MATLAB program. Five cases were considered in the Reconfiguration based on the contribution of DG units. The proposed method was tested using IEEE 33 bus system. Based on the results, there was a voltage profile improvement in the system from 0.9038 p.u. to 0.9594 p.u.. The integration of DG in the network also reduced power losses from 210.98 kW to 69.3963 kW. Simulated results are drawn to show the performance of each case.
Transforming an Existing Distribution Network Into Autonomous MICRO-GRID usin...IJERA Editor
A distribution network with renewable and fossil-based resources can be operated as a micro-grid, in autonomous or nonautonomous modes. Autonomous operation of a distribution network requires cautious planning. In this context, a detailed methodology to develop a sustainable autonomous micro-grid is presented in this paper. The proposed methodology suggests novel sizing and siting strategies for distributed generators and structural modifications for autonomous micro-grids. This paper introduces the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm to solve the optimal network reconfiguration problem for power loss reduction. The PSO is a relatively new and powerful intelligence evolution method for solving optimization problems. It is a population-based approach. The PSO was inspired from natural behavior of the bees on how they find the location of most flowers. The proposed PSO algorithm is introduced with some modifications such as using an inertia weight that decreases linearly during the simulation. This setting allows the PSO to explore a large area at the start of the simulation.
Performance based Comparison of Wind and Solar Distributed Generators using E...Editor IJLRES
Distributed Generation (DG) technologies have become more and more important in power systems. The objective of the paper is to optimize the distributed energy resource type and size based on uncertainties in the distribution network. The three things are considered in stand point of uncertainties are listed as, (i) Future load growth, (ii) Variation in the solar radiation, (iii) Wind output variation. The challenge in Optimal DG Placement (ODGP) needs to be solved with optimization problem with many objectives and constraints. The ODGP is going to be done here, by using Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II (NSGA II). NSGA II is one among the available multi objective optimization algorithms with reduced computational complexity (O=MN2). Because of this prominent feature of NSGA II, it is widely applicable in all the multi objective optimization problems irrespective of disciplines. Hence it is selected to be employed here in order to obtain the reduced cost associated with the DG units. The proposed NSGA II is going to be applied on the IEEE 33-bus and the different performance characteristics were compared for both wind and solar type DG units.
Optimum Location of DG Units Considering Operation ConditionsEditor IJCATR
The optimal sizing and placement of Distributed Generation units (DG) are becoming very attractive to researchers these days. In this paper a two stage approach has been used for allocation and sizing of DGs in distribution system with time varying load model. The strategic placement of DGs can help in reducing energy losses and improving voltage profile. The proposed work discusses time varying loads that can be useful for selecting the location and optimizing DG operation. The method has the potential to be used for integrating the available DGs by identifying the best locations in a power system. The proposed method has been demonstrated on 9-bus test system.
ASSESSMENT OF INTRICATE DG PLANNING WITH PRACTICAL LOAD MODELS BY USING PSO ecij
This paper presents the optimal sizing and placement of DG by assuming practical load models. The particle swarm optimization technique is used to minimize the multi-objective fitness function (MOFF). This MOFF has considered the performance indices such as a voltage difference index, active power loss index and reactive power loss index. Most of the studies have considered the constant load for distribution system planning which may mislead the exact assessment of the system performance. Thus the voltage dependency of load models is found in a highly demanding issue in updating researches. Keeping in view the urgent need of precise and flawless distribution system planning the effect of different load models on the total load, voltage profile, active and reactive power loss has been evaluated and presented in this paper. The efficacy of the proposed method has been executed by implementing it on the 33-bus radial test system.
Network loss reduction and voltage improvement by optimal placement and sizin...nooriasukmaningtyas
Minimization of real power loss and improvement of voltage authenticity of
the network are amongst the key issues confronting power systems owing to
the heavy demand development problem, contingency of transmission and
distribution lines and the financial costs. The distributed generators (DG) has
become one of the strongest mitigating strategies for the network power loss
and to optimize voltage reliability over integration of capacitor banks and
network reconfiguration. This paper introduces an approach for the
optimizing the placement and sizes of different types of DGs in radial
distribution systems using a fine-tuned particle swarm optimization (PSO).
The suggested approach is evaluated on IEEE 33, IEEE 69 and a real
network in Malaysian context. Simulation results demonstrate the
productiveness of active and reactive power injection into the electric power
system and the comparison depicts that the suggested fine-tuned PSO
methodology could accomplish a significant reduction in network power loss
than the other research works.
Fuzzy expert system based optimal capacitor allocation in distribution system-2IAEME Publication
One of the most popular image denoising methods based on self-similarity is called nonlocal
means (NLM). Though it can achieve remarkable performance, this method has a few shortcomings,
e.g., the computationally expensive calculation of the similarity measure, and the lack of reliable
candidates for some non repetitive patches. In this paper, we propose to improve NLM by integrating
Gaussian blur, clustering, and row image weighted averaging into the NLM framework.
Experimental results show that the proposed technique can perform denoising better than the original
NLM both quantitatively and visually, especially when the noise level is high.
Optimal Siting of Distributed Generators in a Distribution Network using Arti...IJECEIAES
Distributed generation (DG) sources are being installed in distribution networks worldwide due to their numerous advantages over the conventional sources which include operational and economical benefits. Random placement of DG sources in a distribution network will result in adverse effects such as increased power loss, loss of voltage stability and reliability, increase in operational costs, power quality issues etc. This paper presents a methodology to obtain the optimal location for the placement of multiple DG sources in a distribution network from a technical perspective. Optimal location is obtained by evaluating a global multi-objective technical index (MOTI) using a weighted sum method. Clonal selection based artificial immune system (AIS) is used along with optimal power flow (OPF) technique to obtain the solution. The proposed method is executed on a standard IEEE-33 bus radial distribution system. The results justify the choice of AIS and the use of MOTI in optimal siting of DG sources which improves the distribution system efficiency to a great extent in terms of reduced real and reactive power losses, improved voltage profile and voltage stability. Solutions obtained using AIS are compared with Genetic algorithm (GA) and Particle Swarm optimization (PSO) solutions for the same objective function.
Optimal Placement of DG for Loss Reduction and Voltage Sag Mitigation in Radi...IDES Editor
This paper presents the need to operate the power
system economically and with optimum levels of voltages has
further led to an increase in interest in Distributed
Generation. In order to reduce the power losses and to improve
the voltage in the distribution system, distributed generators
(DGs) are connected to load bus. To reduce the total power
losses in the system, the most important process is to identify
the proper location for fixing and sizing of DGs. It presents a
new methodology using a new population based meta heuristic
approach namely Artificial Bee Colony algorithm(ABC) for
the placement of Distributed Generators(DG) in the radial
distribution systems to reduce the real power losses and to
improve the voltage profile, voltage sag mitigation. The power
loss reduction is important factor for utility companies because
it is directly proportional to the company benefits in a
competitive electricity market, while reaching the better power
quality standards is too important as it has vital effect on
customer orientation. In this paper an ABC algorithm is
developed to gain these goals all together. In order to evaluate
sag mitigation capability of the proposed algorithm, voltage
in voltage sensitive buses is investigated. An existing 20KV
network has been chosen as test network and results are
compared with the proposed method in the radial distribution
system.
AN EFFICIENT COUPLED GENETIC ALGORITHM AND LOAD FLOW ALGORITHM FOR OPTIMAL PL...ijiert bestjournal
A genetic algorithm is used in conjunction with an efficient load flow programme to determine the optimal locations of the predefined D Gs with MATLAB & MATPOWER software. The best location for the DGs is determin ed using the genetic algorithm. The branch electrical loss is considered as the objecti ve function and the system total loss represent the fitness evaluation function for drivi ng the GA. The load flow equations are considered as equality constraints and the equation s of nodal voltage and branch capacity are considered as inequality constraints. The approach is tested on a 9 &14 bus IEEE distribution feeder.
A Study on Translucent Concrete Product and Its Properties by Using Optical F...IJMER
- Translucent concrete is a concrete based material with light-transferring properties,
obtained due to embedded light optical elements like Optical fibers used in concrete. Light is conducted
through the concrete from one end to the other. This results into a certain light pattern on the other
surface, depending on the fiber structure. Optical fibers transmit light so effectively that there is
virtually no loss of light conducted through the fibers. This paper deals with the modeling of such
translucent or transparent concrete blocks and panel and their usage and also the advantages it brings
in the field. The main purpose is to use sunlight as a light source to reduce the power consumption of
illumination and to use the optical fiber to sense the stress of structures and also use this concrete as an
architectural purpose of the building
Developing Cost Effective Automation for Cotton Seed DelintingIJMER
A low cost automation system for removal of lint from cottonseed is to be designed and
developed. The setup consists of stainless steel drum with stirrer in which cottonseeds having lint is mixed
with concentrated sulphuric acid. So lint will get burn. This lint free cottonseed treated with lime water to
neutralize acidic nature. After water washing this cottonseeds are used for agriculter purpose
Study & Testing Of Bio-Composite Material Based On Munja FibreIJMER
The incorporation of natural fibres such as munja fiber composites has gained
increasing applications both in many areas of Engineering and Technology. The aim of this study is to
evaluate mechanical properties such as flexural and tensile properties of reinforced epoxy composites.
This is mainly due to their applicable benefits as they are light weight and offer low cost compared to
synthetic fibre composites. Munja fibres recently have been a substitute material in many weight-critical
applications in areas such as aerospace, automotive and other high demanding industrial sectors. In
this study, natural munja fibre composites and munja/fibreglass hybrid composites were fabricated by a
combination of hand lay-up and cold-press methods. A new variety in munja fibre is the present work
the main aim of the work is to extract the neat fibre and is characterized for its flexural characteristics.
The composites are fabricated by reinforcing untreated and treated fibre and are tested for their
mechanical, properties strictly as per ASTM procedures.
Hybrid Engine (Stirling Engine + IC Engine + Electric Motor)IJMER
Hybrid engine is a combination of Stirling engine, IC engine and Electric motor. All these 3 are
connected together to a single shaft. The power source of the Stirling engine will be a Solar Panel. The aim of
this is to run the automobile using a Hybrid engine
Fabrication & Characterization of Bio Composite Materials Based On Sunnhemp F...IJMER
The present day technology demands eco-friendly developments. In this era the
composite material are playing a vital roal in different field of Engineering .The composite materials
are using as a principle materials. Nowaday the composite materials are utilizing as a important
component of engineering field .Where as the importance of the applications of composites is well
known, but thrust on the use of natural fibres in it for reinforcement has been given priority for some
times. But changing from synthetic fibres to natural fibres provides only half green-composites. A
partial green composite will be achieved if the matrix component is also eco-friendly. Keeping this in
view, a detailed literature surveyed has been carried out through various issues of the Journals
related to this field. The material systems used are sunnhemp fibres. Some epoxy and hardener has
been also added for stability and drying of the bio-composites. Various graphs and bar-charts are
super-imposed on each other for comparison among themselves and Graphs is plotted on MAT LAB
and ORIGIN 6.0 software. To determining tensile strengths, Various properties for different biocomposites
have been compared among themselves. Comparison of the behaviour of bio-composites of
this work has been also compare with other works. The bio-composites developed in this work are
likely to get applications in fall ceilings, partitions, bio-degradable packagings, automotive interiors,
sports things (e.g. rackets, nets, etc.), toys etc.
Geochemistry and Genesis of Kammatturu Iron Ores of Devagiri Formation, Sandu...IJMER
The Greenstone belts of Karnataka are enriched in BIFs in Dharwar craton, where Iron
formations are confined to the basin shelf, clearly separated from the deeper-water iron formation that
accumulated at the basin margin and flanking the marine basin. Geochemical data procured in terms of
major, trace and REE are plotted in various diagrams to interpret the genesis of BIFs. Al2O3, Fe2O3 (T),
TiO2, CaO, and SiO2 abundances and ratios show a wide variation. Ni, Co, Zr, Sc, V, Rb, Sr, U, Th,
ΣREE, La, Ce and Eu anomalies and their binary relationships indicate that wherever the terrigenous
component has increased, the concentration of elements of felsic such as Zr and Hf has gone up. Elevated
concentrations of Ni, Co and Sc are contributed by chlorite and other components characteristic of basic
volcanic debris. The data suggest that these formations were generated by chemical and clastic
sedimentary processes on a shallow shelf. During transgression, chemical precipitation took place at the
sediment-water interface, whereas at the time of regression. Iron ore formed with sedimentary structures
and textures in Kammatturu area, in a setting where the water column was oxygenated.
Experimental Investigation on Characteristic Study of the Carbon Steel C45 in...IJMER
In this paper, the mechanical characteristics of C45 medium carbon steel are investigated
under various working conditions. The main characteristic to be studied on this paper is impact toughness
of the material with different configurations and the experiment were carried out on charpy impact testing
equipment. This study reveals the ability of the material to absorb energy up to failure for various
specimen configurations under different heat treated conditions and the corresponding results were
compared with the analysis outcome
Non linear analysis of Robot Gun Support Structure using Equivalent Dynamic A...IJMER
Robot guns are being increasingly employed in automotive manufacturing to replace
risky jobs and also to increase productivity. Using a single robot for a single operation proves to be
expensive. Hence for cost optimization, multiple guns are mounted on a single robot and multiple
operations are performed. Robot Gun structure is an efficient way in which multiple welds can be done
simultaneously. However mounting several weld guns on a single structure induces a variety of
dynamic loads, especially during movement of the robot arm as it maneuvers to reach the weld
locations. The primary idea employed in this paper, is to model those dynamic loads as equivalent G
force loads in FEA. This approach will be on the conservative side, and will be saving time and
subsequently cost efficient. The approach of the paper is towards creating a standard operating
procedure when it comes to analysis of such structures, with emphasis on deploying various technical
aspects of FEA such as Non Linear Geometry, Multipoint Constraint Contact Algorithm, Multizone
meshing .
Static Analysis of Go-Kart Chassis by Analytical and Solid Works SimulationIJMER
This paper aims to do modelling, simulation and performing the static analysis of a go
kart chassis consisting of Circular beams. Modelling, simulations and analysis are performed using 3-D
modelling software i.e. Solid Works and ANSYS according to the rulebook provided by Indian Society of
New Era Engineers (ISNEE) for National Go Kart Championship (NGKC-14).The maximum deflection is
determined by performing static analysis. Computed results are then compared to analytical calculation,
where it is found that the location of maximum deflection agrees well with theoretical approximation but
varies on magnitude aspect.
In récent year various vehicle introduced in market but due to limitation in
carbon émission and BS Séries limitd speed availability vehicle in the market and causing of
environnent pollution over few year There is need to decrease dependancy on fuel vehicle.
bicycle is to be modified for optional in the future To implement new technique using change in
pedal assembly and variable speed gearbox such as planetary gear optimise speed of vehicle
with variable speed ratio.To increase the efficiency of bicycle for confortable drive and to
reduce torque appli éd on bicycle. we introduced epicyclic gear box in which transmission done
throgh Chain Drive (i.e. Sprocket )to rear wheel with help of Epicyclical gear Box to give
number of différent Speed during driving.To reduce torque requirent in the cycle with change in
the pedal mechanism
Integration of Struts & Spring & Hibernate for Enterprise ApplicationsIJMER
The proposal of this paper is to present Spring Framework which is widely used in
developing enterprise applications. Considering the current state where applications are developed using
the EJB model, Spring Framework assert that ordinary java beans(POJO) can be utilize with minimal
modifications. This modular framework can be used to develop the application faster and can reduce
complexity. This paper will highlight the design overview of Spring Framework along with its features that
have made the framework useful. The integration of multiple frameworks for an E-commerce system has
also been addressed in this paper. This paper also proposes structure for a website based on integration of
Spring, Hibernate and Struts Framework.
Microcontroller Based Automatic Sprinkler Irrigation SystemIJMER
Microcontroller based Automatic Sprinkler System is a new concept of using
intelligence power of embedded technology in the sprinkler irrigation work. Designed system replaces
the conventional manual work involved in sprinkler irrigation to automatic process. Using this system a
farmer is protected against adverse inhuman weather conditions, tedious work of changing over of
sprinkler water pipe lines & risk of accident due to high pressure in the water pipe line. Overall
sprinkler irrigation work is transformed in to a comfortableautomatic work. This system provides
flexibility & accuracy in respect of time set for the operation of a sprinkler water pipe lines. In present
work the author has designed and developed an automatic sprinkler irrigation system which is
controlled and monitored by a microcontroller interfaced with solenoid valves.
On some locally closed sets and spaces in Ideal Topological SpacesIJMER
In this paper we introduce and characterize some new generalized locally closed sets
known as
δ
ˆ
s-locally closed sets and spaces are known as
δ
ˆ
s-normal space and
δ
ˆ
s-connected space and
discussed some of their properties
Intrusion Detection and Forensics based on decision tree and Association rule...IJMER
This paper present an approach based on the combination of, two techniques using
decision tree and Association rule mining for Probe attack detection. This approach proves to be
better than the traditional approach of generating rules for fuzzy expert system by clustering methods.
Association rule mining for selecting the best attributes together and decision tree for identifying the
best parameters together to create the rules for fuzzy expert system. After that rules for fuzzy expert
system are generated using association rule mining and decision trees. Decision trees is generated for
dataset and to find the basic parameters for creating the membership functions of fuzzy inference
system. Membership functions are generated for the probe attack. Based on these rules we have
created the fuzzy inference system that is used as an input to neuro-fuzzy system. Fuzzy inference
system is loaded to neuro-fuzzy toolbox as an input and the final ANFIS structure is generated for
outcome of neuro-fuzzy approach. The experiments and evaluations of the proposed method were
done with NSL-KDD intrusion detection dataset. As the experimental results, the proposed approach
based on the combination of, two techniques using decision tree and Association rule mining
efficiently detected probe attacks. Experimental results shows better results for detecting intrusions as
compared to others existing methods
Natural Language Ambiguity and its Effect on Machine LearningIJMER
"Natural language processing" here refers to the use and ability of systems to process
sentences in a natural language such as English, rather than in a specialized artificial computer
language such as C++. The systems of real interest here are digital computers of the type we think of as
personal computers and mainframes. Of course humans can process natural languages, but for us the
question is whether digital computers can or ever will process natural languages. We have tried to
explore in depth and break down the types of ambiguities persistent throughout the natural languages
and provide an answer to the question “How it affects the machine translation process and thereby
machine learning as whole?” .
Today in era of software industry there is no perfect software framework available for
analysis and software development. Currently there are enormous number of software development
process exists which can be implemented to stabilize the process of developing a software system. But no
perfect system is recognized till yet which can help software developers for opting of best software
development process. This paper present the framework of skillful system combined with Likert scale. With
the help of Likert scale we define a rule based model and delegate some mass score to every process and
develop one tool name as MuxSet which will help the software developers to select an appropriate
development process that may enhance the probability of system success.
Material Parameter and Effect of Thermal Load on Functionally Graded CylindersIJMER
The present study investigates the creep in a thick-walled composite cylinders made
up of aluminum/aluminum alloy matrix and reinforced with silicon carbide particles. The distribution
of SiCp is assumed to be either uniform or decreasing linearly from the inner to the outer radius of
the cylinder. The creep behavior of the cylinder has been described by threshold stress based creep
law with a stress exponent of 5. The composite cylinders are subjected to internal pressure which is
applied gradually and steady state condition of stress is assumed. The creep parameters required to
be used in creep law, are extracted by conducting regression analysis on the available experimental
results. The mathematical models have been developed to describe steady state creep in the composite
cylinder by using von-Mises criterion. Regression analysis is used to obtain the creep parameters
required in the study. The basic equilibrium equation of the cylinder and other constitutive equations
have been solved to obtain creep stresses in the cylinder. The effect of varying particle size, particle
content and temperature on the stresses in the composite cylinder has been analyzed. The study
revealed that the stress distributions in the cylinder do not vary significantly for various combinations
of particle size, particle content and operating temperature except for slight variation observed for
varying particle content. Functionally Graded Materials (FGMs) emerged and led to the development
of superior heat resistant materials.
Energy Audit is the systematic process for finding out the energy conservation
opportunities in industrial processes. The project carried out studies on various energy conservation
measures application in areas like lighting, motors, compressors, transformer, ventilation system etc.
In this investigation, studied the technical aspects of the various measures along with its cost benefit
analysis.
Investigation found that major areas of energy conservation are-
1. Energy efficient lighting schemes.
2. Use of electronic ballast instead of copper ballast.
3. Use of wind ventilators for ventilation.
4. Use of VFD for compressor.
5. Transparent roofing sheets to reduce energy consumption.
So Energy Audit is the only perfect & analyzed way of meeting the Industrial Energy Conservation.
An Implementation of I2C Slave Interface using Verilog HDLIJMER
The focus of this paper is on implementation of Inter Integrated Circuit (I2C) protocol
following slave module for no data loss. In this paper, the principle and the operation of I2C bus protocol
will be introduced. It follows the I2C specification to provide device addressing, read/write operation and
an acknowledgement. The programmable nature of device provide users with the flexibility of configuring
the I2C slave device to any legal slave address to avoid the slave address collision on an I2C bus with
multiple slave devices. This paper demonstrates how I2C Master controller transmits and receives data to
and from the Slave with proper synchronization.
The module is designed in Verilog and simulated in ModelSim. The design is also synthesized in Xilinx
XST 14.1. This module acts as a slave for the microprocessor which can be customized for no data loss.
Discrete Model of Two Predators competing for One PreyIJMER
This paper investigates the dynamical behavior of a discrete model of one prey two
predator systems. The equilibrium points and their stability are analyzed. Time series plots are obtained
for different sets of parameter values. Also bifurcation diagrams are plotted to show dynamical behavior
of the system in selected range of growth parameter
Discrete Model of Two Predators competing for One Prey
Ijmer 46065964
1. International
OPEN ACCESS Journal
Of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER)
| IJMER | ISSN: 2249–6645 | www.ijmer.com | Vol. 4 | Iss. 6| June. 2014 | 59|
Optimal Location and Sizing of DG using Fuzzy logic
Sujata Huddar1
, B. Kantharaj2
, K. R. Mohan3
, S. B. Patil4
, Rudresh Magadum5
1
(PG scholar Department of Electrical & Electronics Engg A.I.T Chikmagalur, Karnataka,India)
2, 3 (Associate professor Department of Electrical & Electronics Engg A.I.T Chikmagalur, Karnataka,India)
4
(Assistan professor Department of Electrical & Electronics Engg H.I.T Nidasoshi, karnataka, India)
5
(Assistant professor Department of Electrical & Electronice Engg G.I.T belgaum, Karnataka,India)
I. INTRODUCTION
Distributed generation is defined as small scale generation which is not directly connected to the bulk
transmission system & it is not centrally dispatched. Distributed generation is connected at the distribution level
which leads to the many changes in the characteristics of distribution network. The proper location of DG plays
a very important role to upgrade the system reliability and stability, to reduce the system losses, to improve the
system voltage profile [1].At present the number of scholars are carry the work on placement of DG here the
reference [2] considers the case of single radial feeder with the three load conditions namely uniform load,
concentrated load, increasing load for which the optimal location of DG is found with the analytical approaches
to minimize the losses in the single radial feeder. The optimal location of DG is needed to increase the
distributed generation potential benefits in the power system. There are many methods for the proper location
and sizing DG, some of the methods are explained in reference [3]. Such as Evolutionary computational method
[including genetic algorithm, fuzzy logic, & tabu search], 2/3 Rule, optimal power flow. Reference [4] shows the
consideration of Fuzzy rules for the proper location of capacitor. In case of Fuzzy logic a set of Fuzzy rules are
considered for the proper placement of DG by considering the VSI and PLI as a input to the system and output
as DGSI. The mathematical equations are used to calculate the sizing of DG [5].
The reference [6] shows the optimal placement of DG units using Fuzzy & real coded Genetic
algorithm, Any how the research work is continuous to upgrade the network losses, improve the voltage stability
and reliability of the power system. In this paper we have considered the fuzzy logic method for the optimal
location and sizing of DG. Proposed method is tested by considering the IEEE33 bus system data, before
obtaining location and sizing, the load flow analysis is performed by considering the NR method.
II. INTRODUCTION TO FUZZY LOGIC
First consider the given system data then conduct the load flow analysis, from which we get the PLI
(power loss indices) & VSI (voltage sensitivity indices). The PLI & VSI are used as the inputs to the Fuzzy
interfacing system after Fuzzification & defuzzification we get the output DGSI (distributed generator sensitivity
index). The ranges of VLI, PLI, and DGSI are considered from the load flow analysis. For example let us
consider the range of PLI is 0 to 1, The VLI ranges from 0.9 to 1.1and the output DGSI varies from 0 to 1. The
variables for these ranges are described with the help of five membership functions they are high, high medium,
medium, and low medium, low. The membership functions of PLI & DGSI are triangular in shape & where as
Abstract: Introduction of distributed generation modifies the structure of power system network. High
levels of penetration of distributed generation (DG) are new challenges for traditional electric power
systems. A power injection from DG units modifies network power flows, changes energy losses and
improves voltage profile of the system. Proper locations of DG units in power systems are very important
in order to obtain maximum potential advantages. There are some of the most popular DG placement
methods, such as Optimal Power Flow, 2/3Rule and Evolutionary Computational Methods. The
Evolutionary computational method includes Genetic Algorithm, Fuzzy Systems and Tabu Search. In this
paper we have considered the Fuzzy logic method for the optimal location and sizing of DG.
The optimal placement of DG is necessary to improve the reliability and stability. Proposed method is
tested by considering IEEE 33bus system data. The Fuzzy logic method includes a fuzzy inference system
(FIS) containing a set of rules which are considered to determine the DG placement suitability index of
each node in the distribution system. The optimal sizing of DG unit is obtained with the help of
mathematical expressions.
Keywords: Distributed Generation (DG); Fuzzy logic; Fuzzy rule; Optimal Location; Optimal Power flow.
2. Optimal Location and Sizing of DG using Fuzzy logic
| IJMER | ISSN: 2249–6645 | www.ijmer.com | Vol. 4 | Iss. 6| June. 2014 | 60|
the VSI membership functions are combination of both triangular & trapezoidal in shape, these are graphically
shown as fallows.
Fig 1 Power loss index membership function
Fig 2 Voltage membership function
Fig 3 Distributed generator suitability index membership function
To determine the best DG placement problems certain rules are defined in order to determine the
suitability index of bus. For DG installation the rules are summarized in the fuzzy decision matrix as shown
below.
AND
VSI
L LN N HN H
PLI
L LM LM L L L
LM M LM LM L L
M HM M LM L L
HM HM HM M LM L
H H HM M LM LM
Table1 matrix to determine the DG suitability index
III. DETERMINATION OF SENSITIVE BUSES FOR THE OPTIMAL
IV. LOCATION OF DG FOR 33BUS SYSTEM
Bus no VSI PLI DGSI
1 1.00 0 0.49
2 0.9952 0.0198 0.5
3 0.9725 0.0839 0.471
3. Optimal Location and Sizing of DG using Fuzzy logic
| IJMER | ISSN: 2249–6645 | www.ijmer.com | Vol. 4 | Iss. 6| June. 2014 | 61|
4 0.9601 0.0342 0.425
5 0.9479 0.0322 0.404
6 0.9317 0.0152 0.366
7 0.9259 0.0033 0.376
8 0.9178 0.0084 0.382
9 0.9074 0.0073 0.402
10 0.8976 0.0062 0.404
11 0.8962 0.0010 0.4
12 0.8937 0.0015 0.4
13 0.8835 0.0047 0.395
14 0.8797 0.0013 0.39
15 0.8773 0.0006 0.387
16 0.8750 0.0005 0.384
17 0.8716 0.0004 0.381
18 0.8706 0.0001 0.38
19 0.9944 0.0003 0.498
20 0.9886 0.0013 0.491
21 0.9875 0.0002 0.49
22 0.9864 0.0001 0.442
23 0.9667 0.0053 0.462
24 0.9558 0.0086 0.415
25 0.9504 0.0021 0.403
26 0.9285 0.0045 0.374
27 0.9242 0.0058 0.375
28 0.9051 0.0136 0.421
29 0.8914 0.0068 0.403
30 0.8855 0.0028 0.396
31 0.8785 0.0004 0.388
32 0.8770 0.0001 0.386
33 0.8755 0.0196 0.432
Table 2 DGSI output from the Fuzzy system
Result: The above table shows that maximum value of Distributed generation sensitivity index is at bus 2 with
DGSI= 0.5, Therefore the best location of DG is at bus 2.
Improvement Of Voltage Profile With DG
Bus
No
Without DG With DG
Voltage in P.U Voltage in P.U
1 1.0000 1.0000
2 0.9952 0.9968
3 0.9725 0.9826
4 0.9601 0.9714
5 0.9479 0.9604
6 0.9317 0.9461
7 0.9259 0.9409
8 0.9178 0.9337
9 0.9074 0.9244
10 0.8976 0.9159
11 0.8962 0.9146
12 0.8937 0.9124
13 0.8835 0.9034
4. Optimal Location and Sizing of DG using Fuzzy logic
| IJMER | ISSN: 2249–6645 | www.ijmer.com | Vol. 4 | Iss. 6| June. 2014 | 62|
14 0.8797 0.9001
15 0.8773 0.8980
16 0.8750 0.8960
17 0.8716 0.8931
18 0.8706 0.8922
19 0.9944 0.9959
20 0.9886 0.9903
21 0.9875 0.9891
22 0.9864 0.9881
23 0.9667 0.9844
24 0.9558 0.9866
25 0.9504 1.000
26 0.9285 0.9432
27 0.9242 0.9394
28 0.9051 0.9226
29 0.8914 0.9104
30 0.8855 0.9052
31 0.8785 0.8991
32 0.8770 0.8977
33 0.8755 0.8964
Table3 Bus voltages with & without DG
Bus no
Fig 4 Bus voltages with & without DG
V. PROCEDURE TO CALCULATE THE OPTIMAL SIZE OF DG
First let us consider the drawn system diagram in which the DG is placed at the bus i, which produces
the current of IDG. In a radial distribution system the current IDG changes for the current branches which are
connected to bus i, where as the current of other branches are unchanged.
Therefore new current Ik’ of the kth
branch is given by
Ik’=Ik+AkIDG (1)
Where AK=1 if Kth
branch which is connected to bus i otherwise Ak=0
The value of current IDG can be calculated with the help of fallowing equation
IDG=- (2)
Now the size of DG is calculated by considering the fallowing equation
SDG=ViIDG (3)
Where Vi=Voltage at the ith
bus