This document discusses various topics related to oral surgery, including cysts of the jaws, impacted third molars, surgical removal of teeth, complications of extraction, and the scientific foundations of minor oral surgery. Key points include:
- Common symptoms of cysts in the jaws include pathological fractures, displacement of teeth/dentures, and tooth discoloration.
- Marsupialization of cysts involves making a small opening to evacuate cyst contents and decompress the cyst.
- Impacted third molars are most commonly the mandibular and maxillary third molars. Classification systems describe their position, depth, and relationship to surrounding structures.
- Careful assessment, choice of anesthesia, and an operative plan are
1. External root resorption in orthodontics is the gradual loss of dental root tissue caused by the inflammatory process during orthodontic tooth movement. It commonly affects the maxillary incisors and can reduce root length by up to half.
2. Risk factors include hereditary predisposition, local anatomical factors like short roots, impacted teeth, and parafunctional habits that cause intermittent tooth movement like bruxism.
3. Radiographic examination is important for diagnosis and monitoring the progression of external root resorption during and after orthodontic treatment. Cone beam computed tomography provides more accurate assessment compared to traditional radiographs.
Dental trauma is one of the most common presentation in the pediatrics clinic. The fears and anxiety of these patients make management difficult. If improperly managed, it could affect the patient self-esteem and quality of life.
Esthetic orthodontics /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental a...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
traumatic injuries in children: trauma to teeth and softJeena Paul
This document discusses traumatic injuries to children's teeth and soft tissues. It notes that trauma occurs frequently in children, with the highest incidence between ages 2-3. Common causes of trauma include falls, accidents, and sports. Examination of injured children should involve a thorough history, clinical examination of soft tissues and teeth, and radiographs to check for fractures or displaced teeth/bone. Proper documentation of findings is important for diagnosis and treatment planning.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
1. A crown-root fracture in primary teeth involves enamel, dentin, and cementum and occurs below the gingival margin. It can be complicated or uncomplicated depending on pulp involvement.
2. Diagnosis involves visual examination, percussion, mobility testing, and sometimes radiographs. Treatment depends on the extent of the fracture and may include fragment removal, gingivectomy, orthodontic extrusion, surgical extrusion, or extraction.
3. The coronal fragment can often be temporarily bonded until a final treatment is decided, as prognosis is not affected by a delay of 1-2 weeks.
This document discusses trauma to the oral and maxillofacial region, including definitions, causes, classifications of soft tissue and dento-alveolar injuries, and management of trauma patients and injuries. It defines trauma as a physical or psychological injury and lists common causes such as car accidents, fights, abuse, and sports. Soft tissue injuries are classified as abrasions, contusions, and lacerations. Dento-alveolar injuries include crown fractures, root fractures, tooth displacement, and avulsions. Initial management of trauma patients and soft tissue injuries is described. Classification and treatment of specific dento-alveolar injuries is also covered.
1. External root resorption in orthodontics is the gradual loss of dental root tissue caused by the inflammatory process during orthodontic tooth movement. It commonly affects the maxillary incisors and can reduce root length by up to half.
2. Risk factors include hereditary predisposition, local anatomical factors like short roots, impacted teeth, and parafunctional habits that cause intermittent tooth movement like bruxism.
3. Radiographic examination is important for diagnosis and monitoring the progression of external root resorption during and after orthodontic treatment. Cone beam computed tomography provides more accurate assessment compared to traditional radiographs.
Dental trauma is one of the most common presentation in the pediatrics clinic. The fears and anxiety of these patients make management difficult. If improperly managed, it could affect the patient self-esteem and quality of life.
Esthetic orthodontics /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental a...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
traumatic injuries in children: trauma to teeth and softJeena Paul
This document discusses traumatic injuries to children's teeth and soft tissues. It notes that trauma occurs frequently in children, with the highest incidence between ages 2-3. Common causes of trauma include falls, accidents, and sports. Examination of injured children should involve a thorough history, clinical examination of soft tissues and teeth, and radiographs to check for fractures or displaced teeth/bone. Proper documentation of findings is important for diagnosis and treatment planning.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
1. A crown-root fracture in primary teeth involves enamel, dentin, and cementum and occurs below the gingival margin. It can be complicated or uncomplicated depending on pulp involvement.
2. Diagnosis involves visual examination, percussion, mobility testing, and sometimes radiographs. Treatment depends on the extent of the fracture and may include fragment removal, gingivectomy, orthodontic extrusion, surgical extrusion, or extraction.
3. The coronal fragment can often be temporarily bonded until a final treatment is decided, as prognosis is not affected by a delay of 1-2 weeks.
This document discusses trauma to the oral and maxillofacial region, including definitions, causes, classifications of soft tissue and dento-alveolar injuries, and management of trauma patients and injuries. It defines trauma as a physical or psychological injury and lists common causes such as car accidents, fights, abuse, and sports. Soft tissue injuries are classified as abrasions, contusions, and lacerations. Dento-alveolar injuries include crown fractures, root fractures, tooth displacement, and avulsions. Initial management of trauma patients and soft tissue injuries is described. Classification and treatment of specific dento-alveolar injuries is also covered.
The document discusses extraction of teeth, including indications for extraction such as nonvital pulps, severe periodontitis, impacted teeth, supernumerary teeth, and retained deciduous teeth. It describes types of impacted teeth and causes. Local effects of impacted teeth include decay of adjacent teeth, root absorption, neuralgia, and infections. Diagnosis involves panoramic dental films. Contraindications and complications of extraction are also outlined.
Extraction in orthodontics (2) /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
1. Deep overbites, or vertical overlap of the mandibular incisors by the maxillary incisors greater than 3 mm, are common malocclusions. They can be classified as skeletal, dental, or soft tissue in nature.
2. Deep overbites require correction to prevent trauma, excessive wear, and abnormal jaw development if left untreated. They are associated with risks such as temporomandibular joint disorders.
3. Diagnosis of deep overbites involves analysis of dental relationships, facial proportions, and cephalometric measurements to determine the underlying skeletal, dental, or soft tissue etiology in each case. Correction may involve orthodontic treatment with or without orthogn
Retention is an important phase of orthodontic treatment aimed at maintaining teeth in their corrected positions after appliances are removed. Without retention, teeth have a tendency to relapse back to their original positions. Various types of retainers can be used for retention, including removable retainers, fixed retainers, and clear aligners. Certain types of orthodontic tooth movements, such as expansion, require longer-term retention to prevent relapse. Proper retention protocols help ensure teeth remain stable long-term.
The document discusses early orthodontic treatments for children. It notes that early treatment typically begins around ages 8-9 and aims to correct jaw growth and certain bite problems. This helps teeth come in properly and reduces the need for extractions later on. Early treatment can benefit children by improving self-confidence, increasing the likelihood of proper jaw and tooth alignment, and reducing risks of dental issues and future complex orthodontic treatments.
The document discusses different types of teeth injuries including loosened teeth, chipped or fractured teeth, dislodged teeth, and avulsed teeth. It describes the nature, signs and symptoms, and first aid procedures for each type of injury. For serious injuries like dislodged or avulsed teeth, it emphasizes the importance of seeking immediate dental treatment to preserve the tooth. Minor injuries may only require dental examination unless bleeding is severe. Proper handling and storage of avulsed teeth is critical to give dentists the best chance of reinsertion.
The document discusses traumatic injuries to the permanent dentition, specifically crown fractures. It provides an overview of the etiology, incidence, classification, and management of dental injuries. Key points include that the incidence of dental trauma from accidents and sports has increased in recent decades, commonly affecting the front teeth of children and teenagers. Proper initial treatment is important to promote healing. Classification systems help describe the specific injury and guide clinical decision making.
This document discusses various complications that can occur with dental implants. It begins by classifying implant failures and complications according to different authors. It then discusses specific early and late surgical complications as well as implant-related problems like pain, infection, peri-implant mucositis, and peri-implantitis. The document also touches on biomechanical problems, functional problems, and risk factors for complications. In summary, it provides an overview of potential complications at different stages of dental implant treatment and their causes and management.
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
Description :
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
Maxillofacial prosthesis is a relatively new, but possibly fastest growing branch of dentistry in recent times. It has become essential to thousands of people who had to lead a life of broken self-esteem and with the feeling of being shunned or deemed unattractive because of some distorted facial features.
The document discusses the extraction of teeth. It begins by defining tooth extraction as the painless removal of a tooth or root with minimal trauma. It then lists the various indications for extraction, such as pulp issues, periodontal disease, impacted or supernumerary teeth. Contraindications including acute infections or malignant diseases are also provided. The document outlines different extraction methods and the mechanical principles involved. It stresses the importance of pre-operative assessment of patients, including medical history, examinations, and tests to evaluate anesthesia and any previous issues. The overall goal is for students to understand tooth extraction procedures, indications, contraindications, and patient evaluation.
Clear aligners are an alternative to traditional braces for correcting teeth positioning. They are made of clear plastic and are fabricated to fit each individual's mouth. Aligners are worn for 20 hours a day and changed every 3 weeks as the teeth move incrementally into the desired position. Treatment time with aligners can be as short as 3 months or up to 6 months. Aligners offer advantages over traditional braces such as being removable, easier to clean, more comfortable, and less likely to irritate gums.
failures of dental implants /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian de...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
Traumatic Dental Injuries to Permanent TeethDrSusmita Shah
A comprehensive presentation of traumatic injuries to permanent teeth; this includes multiple classifications, risk factors, prevalence and management according to International Association of Dental Traumatology and Adreasen J O.
This document provides an overview of cysts of the oral and maxillofacial region. It defines cysts and discusses their classification, parts, pathogenesis and mechanisms of enlargement. It also describes key cysts such as dentigerous cysts, odontogenic keratocysts and eruption cysts in detail, covering their definitions, locations, clinical and radiographic features, histology, differential diagnosis and complications. Dentigerous and odontogenic keratocysts are the most common epithelial cysts of the jaws.
This document discusses the surgical management of odontogenic cysts. It describes different flap techniques used such as trapezoidal, triangular, envelope, and semilunar flaps. It also discusses the surgical procedures for enucleation and marsupialization of cysts. Enucleation involves complete removal of the cyst sac while marsupialization creates a window to drain the cyst contents and suture the cyst wall to heal. The steps for each procedure are outlined including reflection of flaps, removal of bone, draining of cyst, and suturing.
The document discusses extraction of teeth, including indications for extraction such as nonvital pulps, severe periodontitis, impacted teeth, supernumerary teeth, and retained deciduous teeth. It describes types of impacted teeth and causes. Local effects of impacted teeth include decay of adjacent teeth, root absorption, neuralgia, and infections. Diagnosis involves panoramic dental films. Contraindications and complications of extraction are also outlined.
Extraction in orthodontics (2) /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
1. Deep overbites, or vertical overlap of the mandibular incisors by the maxillary incisors greater than 3 mm, are common malocclusions. They can be classified as skeletal, dental, or soft tissue in nature.
2. Deep overbites require correction to prevent trauma, excessive wear, and abnormal jaw development if left untreated. They are associated with risks such as temporomandibular joint disorders.
3. Diagnosis of deep overbites involves analysis of dental relationships, facial proportions, and cephalometric measurements to determine the underlying skeletal, dental, or soft tissue etiology in each case. Correction may involve orthodontic treatment with or without orthogn
Retention is an important phase of orthodontic treatment aimed at maintaining teeth in their corrected positions after appliances are removed. Without retention, teeth have a tendency to relapse back to their original positions. Various types of retainers can be used for retention, including removable retainers, fixed retainers, and clear aligners. Certain types of orthodontic tooth movements, such as expansion, require longer-term retention to prevent relapse. Proper retention protocols help ensure teeth remain stable long-term.
The document discusses early orthodontic treatments for children. It notes that early treatment typically begins around ages 8-9 and aims to correct jaw growth and certain bite problems. This helps teeth come in properly and reduces the need for extractions later on. Early treatment can benefit children by improving self-confidence, increasing the likelihood of proper jaw and tooth alignment, and reducing risks of dental issues and future complex orthodontic treatments.
The document discusses different types of teeth injuries including loosened teeth, chipped or fractured teeth, dislodged teeth, and avulsed teeth. It describes the nature, signs and symptoms, and first aid procedures for each type of injury. For serious injuries like dislodged or avulsed teeth, it emphasizes the importance of seeking immediate dental treatment to preserve the tooth. Minor injuries may only require dental examination unless bleeding is severe. Proper handling and storage of avulsed teeth is critical to give dentists the best chance of reinsertion.
The document discusses traumatic injuries to the permanent dentition, specifically crown fractures. It provides an overview of the etiology, incidence, classification, and management of dental injuries. Key points include that the incidence of dental trauma from accidents and sports has increased in recent decades, commonly affecting the front teeth of children and teenagers. Proper initial treatment is important to promote healing. Classification systems help describe the specific injury and guide clinical decision making.
This document discusses various complications that can occur with dental implants. It begins by classifying implant failures and complications according to different authors. It then discusses specific early and late surgical complications as well as implant-related problems like pain, infection, peri-implant mucositis, and peri-implantitis. The document also touches on biomechanical problems, functional problems, and risk factors for complications. In summary, it provides an overview of potential complications at different stages of dental implant treatment and their causes and management.
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
Description :
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
Maxillofacial prosthesis is a relatively new, but possibly fastest growing branch of dentistry in recent times. It has become essential to thousands of people who had to lead a life of broken self-esteem and with the feeling of being shunned or deemed unattractive because of some distorted facial features.
The document discusses the extraction of teeth. It begins by defining tooth extraction as the painless removal of a tooth or root with minimal trauma. It then lists the various indications for extraction, such as pulp issues, periodontal disease, impacted or supernumerary teeth. Contraindications including acute infections or malignant diseases are also provided. The document outlines different extraction methods and the mechanical principles involved. It stresses the importance of pre-operative assessment of patients, including medical history, examinations, and tests to evaluate anesthesia and any previous issues. The overall goal is for students to understand tooth extraction procedures, indications, contraindications, and patient evaluation.
Clear aligners are an alternative to traditional braces for correcting teeth positioning. They are made of clear plastic and are fabricated to fit each individual's mouth. Aligners are worn for 20 hours a day and changed every 3 weeks as the teeth move incrementally into the desired position. Treatment time with aligners can be as short as 3 months or up to 6 months. Aligners offer advantages over traditional braces such as being removable, easier to clean, more comfortable, and less likely to irritate gums.
failures of dental implants /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian de...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
Traumatic Dental Injuries to Permanent TeethDrSusmita Shah
A comprehensive presentation of traumatic injuries to permanent teeth; this includes multiple classifications, risk factors, prevalence and management according to International Association of Dental Traumatology and Adreasen J O.
This document provides an overview of cysts of the oral and maxillofacial region. It defines cysts and discusses their classification, parts, pathogenesis and mechanisms of enlargement. It also describes key cysts such as dentigerous cysts, odontogenic keratocysts and eruption cysts in detail, covering their definitions, locations, clinical and radiographic features, histology, differential diagnosis and complications. Dentigerous and odontogenic keratocysts are the most common epithelial cysts of the jaws.
This document discusses the surgical management of odontogenic cysts. It describes different flap techniques used such as trapezoidal, triangular, envelope, and semilunar flaps. It also discusses the surgical procedures for enucleation and marsupialization of cysts. Enucleation involves complete removal of the cyst sac while marsupialization creates a window to drain the cyst contents and suture the cyst wall to heal. The steps for each procedure are outlined including reflection of flaps, removal of bone, draining of cyst, and suturing.
This document discusses various types of odontogenic cysts. It begins with introducing cysts in general and then classifies odontogenic cysts based on etiology and tissue of origin. Several specific types of odontogenic cysts are then described in more detail, including their clinical features, radiographic features, and differential diagnosis. These include dentigerous cysts, eruption cysts, odontogenic keratocysts, gingival cysts of newborn and adult, lateral periodontal cysts, calcifying odontogenic cysts, periapical cysts, residual cysts, and paradental cysts.
The document discusses cysts of the jaws, including definitions, classifications, pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment. Some key points:
- Cysts are epithelial or non-epithelial lined pathological cavities filled with fluid or semi-fluid. The jaws are a common site.
- Cysts are classified based on origin (odontogenic vs non-odontogenic), lining (epithelial vs non-epithelial), and other factors.
- Diagnosis involves clinical exam, radiography, aspiration of cyst fluid, and biopsy. Radiographs show a radiolucent area with defined borders.
- Treatment aims to remove the cyst lining and prevent recurrence. Common procedures include en
Cysts of the jaw can be classified into three main types:
1. Epithelial cysts, which are further divided into odontogenic cysts that arise from tooth development and non-odontogenic cysts. Common odontogenic cysts include dentigerous cysts and odontogenic keratocysts.
2. Non-epithelial cysts such as solitary bone cysts and aneurysmal bone cysts.
3. Soft tissue cysts like dermoid cysts and thyroglossal tract cysts.
Dentigerous cysts form due to fluid accumulation between reduced enamel epithelium and the enamel surface of an impacted tooth. Odontogenic keratocyst
1. The document describes various fascial spaces in the head and neck region and how odontogenic infections can spread between these spaces.
2. It divides the fascial spaces into primary spaces adjacent to infection origin and secondary spaces that become involved after spread.
3. Key fascial spaces discussed include the vestibular, buccal, submandibular, pterygomandibular, and infratemporal spaces. Spread between these spaces can cause specific clinical signs depending on the location of infection.
Trans alveolar extraction is a surgical technique used to remove teeth or roots that cannot be extracted using routine closed methods. Key steps include raising a mucoperiosteal flap to provide access, removing surrounding bone, sectioning multi-rooted teeth, and closing the wound. Factors complicating routine extraction requiring this approach include root fractures, abnormal root morphology, ankylosis, or proximity to vital structures. The procedure aims to improve access, leverage, reduce resistance, and allow for a safe extraction path.
This document discusses cysts of the jaws. It defines cysts and provides classifications including the WHO and Robinson systems. It describes the pathogenesis of cyst formation in 3 stages: initiation, cyst formation, and enlargement. Signs include bone expansion and percussion sound. Radiographs can reveal size and extent. Diagnosis is based on aspirate characteristics. Treatment involves enucleation or marsupialization. Enucleation removes all tissue but has risks, while marsupialization has recurrence risks but preserves structures.
This document discusses various pre-prosthetic hard tissue procedures including: recontouring alveolar ridges through alveoloplasty and Dean's alveoloplasty; reducing maxillary tuberosities, palatal exostoses, mylohyoid ridges, and genial tubercles; removing tori and bone augmentation of atrophic maxillary and mandibular ridges through onlay grafts, sinus lifts, and hydroxyapatite grafts. The goal is to modify oral anatomy and eliminate undercuts/protuberances to facilitate dental prosthesis placement through reshaping bony areas.
Ludwig’s angina is a life-threatening infection with associated compromised airway and is an emergency in OMFS. Airway management is the primary concern in this situation
1) The document discusses impacted teeth, which are teeth that fail to fully erupt. It describes common causes and locations of impactions as well as classification systems.
2) Surgical removal of impacted teeth involves asepsis, anesthesia, incisions, bone removal, tooth sectioning, elevation and extraction while protecting surrounding structures.
3) Radiographs aid in determining the depth, orientation and relationship to nearby anatomy to assess difficulty prior to surgery. Careful treatment planning is important for safe and effective removal of impacted teeth.
This document provides an overview of infection control and sterilization in dentistry. It discusses the definitions of key terms like infection control, sterilization, and disinfection. It describes the modes of disease transmission and outlines strategies to prevent transmission, like personal protective equipment, aseptic techniques, and sterilizing instruments. It also covers topics like operatory asepsis, instrument handling, sterilization monitoring, clinical waste disposal, and managing exposures. The objective is to reduce risks of infection by screening patients, using proper barriers, aseptic techniques, and sterilizing or disinfecting items based on their intended use and potential for infection.
The document discusses preprosthetic surgery procedures for modifying the oral anatomy to facilitate denture retention. It describes various ridge correction techniques like alveoloplasty and mylohyoid reduction. It also discusses ridge augmentation procedures for both the maxilla and mandible using autogenous bone grafts harvested from different sites or alloplastic grafts like hydroxyapatite. Complications of these surgical techniques are also outlined. The goal of these preprosthetic surgeries is to establish an optimal bony foundation with adequate height, width, and contour of the residual alveolar ridges to support dentures.
A cyst is an epithelium-lined sac containing fluid or semisolid material. In the formation of a cyst, the epithelial cells first proliferate and later undergo degeneration and liquefaction. The liquefied material exerts equal pressure on the walls of the cyst from within. Cysts grow by expansion and thus displace the adjacent teeth by pressure. May can produce expansion of the cortical bone. On a radiograph, the radiolucency of a cyst is usually bordered by a radiopaque periphery of dense sclerotic bone. The radiolucency may be unilocular or multilocular. Odontogenic cysts are those which arise from the epithelium associated with the development of teeth. The source of epithelium is from the enamel organ, the reduced enamel epithelium, the cell rests of Malassez or the remnants of the dental lamina.
The document discusses various sterilization methods used in pharmaceutical manufacturing including physical methods like heat and radiation sterilization as well as chemical methods like gaseous sterilization. It provides details on the mechanisms of different sterilization techniques and compares their merits and demerits. The key applications of each method in pharmaceutical industry are also highlighted. The document also covers in-process quality controls that are important to monitor sterilization and ensure consistency in quality during production of pharmaceutical products.
The document discusses different types of cysts that can occur in the oral region, dividing them into odontogenic cysts and non-odontogenic cysts. Odontogenic cysts include radicular, dentigerous, primordial, odontogenic keratocyst, and lateral periodontal cysts. Non-odontogenic cysts include globulomaxillary, nasolabial, median palatal, and nasopalatine canal cysts. Each cyst type is described in terms of etiology, clinical features, radiographic appearance, histology, and treatment.
1) The document discusses various theories of third molar impaction including orthodontic, phylogenic, Mendelian, and pathological theories.
2) It also covers classifications of third molar impaction based on angulation, position, eruption state, and root morphology. Historical classifications including Winter's and Pell & Gregory are summarized.
3) Surgical considerations for impacted third molar removal are outlined, including pre-operative assessment, radiographic evaluation, difficulty indices, surgical anatomy, and mucoperiosteal flap design. Complications of retained impacted teeth are also briefly mentioned.
This document provides information on fascial spaces of the head and neck region. It begins by defining fascial spaces as clefts or compartments containing connective tissue. It then classifies the spaces based on mode of involvement and clinical significance. Several key fascial spaces are described in detail, including boundaries, contents, etiology, clinical features, and spread of infection. These include the buccal, sublingual, submandibular, pterygomandibular, masseteric, temporal, lateral pharyngeal, and retropharyngeal spaces. The objectives and microbiology of odontogenic infections are also summarized.
This document discusses transalveolar extraction, also known as surgical extraction. It involves reflecting a muco-periosteal flap, cutting bone if needed, sectioning tooth roots, and removing the tooth. The document outlines the indications, contraindications, advantages, and steps of the procedure including incisions, bone removal, tooth elevation, debridement, suturing, and post-operative instructions. Potential intraoperative and postoperative complications are also listed.
Impacted teeth /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
Third molar /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy Indian dental academy
The document discusses impacted third molars, providing information on their prevalence, causes, classifications, indications for removal, surgical removal process, and potential complications. Specifically, it notes that 17% of people over 20 have an impacted tooth, with mandibular third molars being the most common at 18%. Reasons for removal include recurrent pericoronitis, dental disease, cyst formation, and prophylactic reasons. The surgical procedure involves raising a mucoperiosteal flap, removing bone, and extracting the tooth, with risks including nerve damage, bleeding, and fracture.
Combined endodontic periodontic treatment of a palatal groove/ dental implant...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Description :
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Post cementation /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
Origin of malformations /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Failures in fpd/certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academyIndian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Treatment planning for partially edentulous patients /fixed orthodontics coursesIndian dental academy
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
Preventive orthodontics/certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental ...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Diagnosis, treatment planning and radiographic evaluation/ cosmetic dentistry...Indian dental academy
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting
training center with best faculty and flexible training programs
for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental
practice,Offers certified courses in Dental
implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic
Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
BENIGN ODONTOGENIC TUMORS OF MAXILLOFACIAL REGION/endodontic coursesIndian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Treatment planning in rpd/certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dent...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Presentation12 /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy Indian dental academy
Orthognathic surgery is used to correct dentofacial deformities and malocclusions by surgically repositioning the jaws. It is needed when the problem is too severe to be addressed by orthodontics alone due to skeletal discrepancies beyond the limits of tooth movement. Candidates for orthognathic surgery have deformities that compromise jaw function and cause psychological distress due to impaired facial aesthetics and social discrimination. A multidisciplinary evaluation considers the skeletal jaw discrepancy, potential soft tissue changes, and the patient's psychological state and expectations from treatment.
Sequelae of wearing complete dentures/ orthodontics training coursesIndian dental academy
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Procedural errors in endodontics /certified fixed orthodontic courses by In...Indian dental academy
Welcome to Indian Dental Academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy has a unique training program & curriculum that provides students with exceptional clinical skills and enabling them to return to their office with high level confidence and start treating patients
State of the art comprehensive training-Faculty of world wide repute &Very affordable.
Opportunity for Dentists (BDS/MDS )to relocate to United kingdom -Register as a DENTAL HYGIENIST/ DENTAL THERAPIST without Board exams and after approval you can register in GDC as a DH/DT and start working as a DH/DT Immediately and get paid.
You can complete the whole process in 3-4 months.Salary range for DH/DT is around 2500-3500 Pounds per month.
Eligibility / requirements-
1. An International English Language Testing System (IELTS) certificate
at the appropriate level.(Within 2 yrs of application date )
2: A recent primary dental qualification that has been taught and examined in English..(Within 2 yrs of application date )
3: A recent pass in a language test for registration with a regulatory authority in a country where the first language is English.
If you are interested Please contact us for more details.
1ST, 2ND AND 3RD ORDER BENDS IN STANDARD EDGEWISE APPLIANCE SYSTEM /Fixed ort...Indian dental academy
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals
who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry,
Periodontics and General Dentistry.
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
I –Aligners are made with FDA approved transparent thermoplastic materials using 3D scanning, 3D Printing and finally Trays with Pressure vacuum formers.
Dear Doctor,
Indian Dental Academy Now offers comprehensive online Orthodontics course.
Course includes:
1.whiteboard lecture presentations
2.Case Discussions
3.with hundreds of pictures.
4.Demo on Models
5.Demo on Patients
6. subtitles in your own language
12 months unlimited access and support @350 USD only.
For Demo please visit :www.idalectures.com/preview/
For more details visit: www.idalectures.com
Please contact us for any clarifications:
idalectures@gmail.com
indiandentalacademy@gmail.com
Thanks & Regards
Indian Dental Academy
--
Indian Dental Academy
Leader in continuing dental education
www.indiandentalacademy.com
skype:indiandentalacademy
+919248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Cytotoxicity of silicone materials used in maxillofacial prosthesis / dental ...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Diagnosis and treatment planning in completely endntulous arches/dental coursesIndian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Properties of Denture base materials /rotary endodontic coursesIndian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Use of modified tooth forms in complete denture occlusion / dental implant...Indian dental academy
This document discusses dental occlusion concepts and philosophies for complete dentures. It introduces key terms like physiologic occlusion and defines different occlusion schemes like balanced articulation and monoplane articulation. The document discusses advantages and disadvantages of using anatomic versus non-anatomic teeth for complete dentures. It also outlines requirements for maintaining denture stability, such as balanced occlusal contacts and control of horizontal forces. The goal of occlusion for complete dentures is to re-establish the homeostasis of the masticatory system disrupted by edentulism.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
This document discusses dental casting investment materials. It describes the three main types of investments - gypsum bonded, phosphate bonded, and ethyl silicate bonded investments. For gypsum bonded investments specifically, it details their classification, composition including the roles of gypsum, silica, and modifiers, setting time, normal and hygroscopic setting expansion, and thermal expansion. It provides information on how the properties of gypsum bonded investments are affected by their composition. The document serves as a comprehensive overview of dental casting investment materials.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Strategies for Effective Upskilling is a presentation by Chinwendu Peace in a Your Skill Boost Masterclass organisation by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan on 08th and 09th June 2024 from 1 PM to 3 PM on each day.
How to Build a Module in Odoo 17 Using the Scaffold MethodCeline George
Odoo provides an option for creating a module by using a single line command. By using this command the user can make a whole structure of a module. It is very easy for a beginner to make a module. There is no need to make each file manually. This slide will show how to create a module using the scaffold method.
This presentation was provided by Steph Pollock of The American Psychological Association’s Journals Program, and Damita Snow, of The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), for the initial session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session One: 'Setting Expectations: a DEIA Primer,' was held June 6, 2024.
How to Fix the Import Error in the Odoo 17Celine George
An import error occurs when a program fails to import a module or library, disrupting its execution. In languages like Python, this issue arises when the specified module cannot be found or accessed, hindering the program's functionality. Resolving import errors is crucial for maintaining smooth software operation and uninterrupted development processes.
Assessment and Planning in Educational technology.pptxKavitha Krishnan
In an education system, it is understood that assessment is only for the students, but on the other hand, the Assessment of teachers is also an important aspect of the education system that ensures teachers are providing high-quality instruction to students. The assessment process can be used to provide feedback and support for professional development, to inform decisions about teacher retention or promotion, or to evaluate teacher effectiveness for accountability purposes.
Liberal Approach to the Study of Indian Politics.pdf
Cysts of the jaws symptoms
1. INDIAN DENTAL ACADEMY
Leader in continuing dental education
www.indiandentalacademy.com
www.indiandentalacademy.com
2. Cysts of The Jaws
Symptoms
Pathological fracture
Mistaken for abscess
Displacement of denture
Displacement of teeth
Discoloration of tooth
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5. Cysts of the Jaws
Marsupialisation – Rationale
By making a small cystic
Contents are evacuated thereby
Causing decompression of the
Cyst.
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12. How often are teeth Impacted
Only 17% of people over 20 years
Have an impacted tooth
Maxillary third molars
Mandibular third molars
Maxillary canine
Ref:- Dachi S.F,Hovell over surg
14:1165.1961
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22%
18%
0.9%
13. • What is so special about third molars ?!
• last tooth to erupt
• More likely to be impacted
• More likely to cause complication
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18. INDICATION FOR REMOVAL
Recurrent Pericoronitis
Periodontal
Orthodontic Reasons
Dental Caries
Resorbtion Of Second Molar
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19. INDICATIONS FOR REMOVAL
1.Reffered pain
2. Cyst Formation
3. Prophylactic Reasons
4. Edentulous Mandible
5. In the line of fractures
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24. IMPACTED LOWER THIRD MOLAR
Classification :
George Winter’s
Pell and Gregory’s
Kay’s
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25. GERGE WINTER’S CLASSIFICATION
Based on the relationship of the long
Axis of impacted 3rd molar with the
Long axis of 2nd molar:Vertical
Mesioangular
Distoangular
Horizontal
Buccoangular
Aberrant Positons
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31. Pell & Gregory(1942) Classification
Based on Three Aspects
Position & Angulation
Space between second molar and ramus
Depth of the third molar in the bone
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32. Pell & Gregory
Position & Angulation
George Winter’s Classification
is adopted
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35. Kay’s Classification
( Based on three aspects)
1.Position & Angulation - Winter’s Classification
States of Eruption
-a) Erupted
b) Partly erupted
c) Unerupted
3. Number & Pattern - Fused
of Roots
Two
Multiple
Favourable
Unfavourable
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44. WINTER’S IMAGINARY LINES
White Line - Indicates position of 3rd
molar
Amber Line - Indicates margin of
alveolar bone
Red Line - Indicates dept of 3rd molar
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47. Assessment of Impacted Third
Molar
Purpose of Assessment
Possible Difficulties & Complications
Facilities Available
Necessary Surgical Skill
Decision to remove or to refer to
A specialist
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49. Clinical Assessment
Local factors
Small Factors
Small mouth
Mandibula retrusion
Relationship of external
Oblique eidue to the 3rd molar
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50. Radiological Assessment
Points to be noticed in radiograph:Augulation and depth
Number and shape of rooths
Relationship with mandibular canal
Condition of crown & rooth of 2nd molar
Density of the bone
Bone loss around the tooth
Presence of first molar
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54. Age:- Does it affect surgery ?
Young age
Easy surgery
less morbidity
old age
Difficult surgery
Greater morbidity
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55. Accessibility based on facial from
Tapering
Easy surgery
Square &
Compact
Difficult
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56. Asymptomatic third molar
- let sleeping dogs lie
- don’t bother it, if it does not
bother you
- don’t touch if asymptomatic
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57. Should a general practitioner
remove an impached third molar ?
Answer is yes and no
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58. Operative Plan
- Incision
- Removal of bone]
- Removal of tooth
- To let of the wound
- Closure of the wound
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59. Removel of Third Molar
Careful Assessment
Instruments selection
Choice of anaesthesia
Operative plan
Post operative care
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62. Scientific foundations of Minor
oral surgery
Muco Periosteal Flaps
Visibility
Vascularity
Healing
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63. Scientific Foundtions of minor
oral surgery
Access
Mucoperiosteal flaps
Bone Removel
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64. Complication During Surgical Removal
Incision
- Haemorrhage
Lingul Nerve damage
Bone removal - Injury to soft tissues
Damage to 2nd molar
Splitting of ramus
Damage to bone
Elevation of - Fracture of tooth
Damage to 2nd molar
Damage to I.D Bundle
Fracture of mandible
Toilet of the - Damage to I.D Nerve
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Wond
And Vessels
68. Exodontia
Dry Socket :- Clinical Features
Symptoms:Pain, Swelling, Trismus, Halitosis
Signs:Lack of clot in the socket
Exposed bone tender to touch
Inflammed gingival margin
Enlarged lymph nodes
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75. Exodontia
Objectives
To remove the tooth completely
With minimum trauma
Elimination of pathology in the socket
Prepare the socket for proper
Healing & repair
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79. Exodontia
Trans Alveolar - Indications
Gross destruction of crown
Fallure to extract with forceps
Abnormallties of root
Non vital teeth
Ankylosis of root
Brittle teeth
Increased dentsity of bone
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80. Exodontia
Trans Alveolar Advantages
Good visibility
Prevent laceration of gingival
Minimal trauma to bone
Root fracture prevented
Less post operative discomfort
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81. Exodontia
Trans Alveolar Surgical Step
Anaesthesia
Incision & raising flap
Remove of bone
Removal of tooth or root
Debridement of the socket
Closure of the wound
Post operative care
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84. Exodontia
Complacations
Maxillary posterior teeth
Oro antral communication
Rooth displacesment in to sinus
Fracture of maxillary tuberoslty
Mandibular posterior teeth
Dislocation of TM joint
Fracture of mandible
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85. Exodontia
Complications- TMJ Dislocation
DEF : Condyle comes out of
glenold fossa
Unllateral or bllateral
CAUSES
Fallure to support mandlble
Excessive mount opening
Use of mount gag under G.A
Use of certain drugs
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87. Scientific Foundations of Minor Oral Surgery
Dental Bacteremla In Children
A study conducted involving patiients who
Underwent variety of dental procedures
Including rubberdam application matrix band
With wedge and tooth brushing revealed
Significant bacteremia.
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88. Post Operative Pain
Influenced By
Pathophysiologic Impact
Site of Surgery
Preoperative Preparation
Physical & Emotional Status
Intra operative management
Post operative team
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89. Scientific Foundation of Minor Oral Surgery
Suture Material And
Bacterial Adherence
A study conducted in vitro to see the
Bacterial adherence to silk and cotton
Sutures revealed significantly higher
Adherence to silk than cotton.cotton should
Be the preferred suture material for skin and
Mucosal closure.
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95. Scientific Foundations of Oral Surgery
Surgical Gloves
How often They Puncture
The incidence may be as high as 50 to
70% when the operations last more
Than 2 hours. The left index finger is
The most common site of perforation
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96. Scientific Foundation of Minor Oral Surgery
Face Mask is it Essential ?
A prospective randomised study,
From sweden found no difference in
Wound infection rates when masks
Were climinated
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98. Diagnosis In Oral Surgery
Components
History taking
Clinical examination
Investigations
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99. Diagnosis In Oral Surgery
Diagnosis:- Definition
“ Careful investigation of the facts
To determine the nature of a think”
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100. Diagnosis In Oral Surgery
History Taking
General information
Chief complaint
History of present illness
Personal, medical & Dental histories
Family & Social histories
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101. Diagnosis In Oral Surgery
Singn:- Definition
“ Any change I the body or its
Function which is perceptible to a
Trained observer and may indicate
Disease.”
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102. Diagnosis In Oral Surgery
Singn:- Definition
“ Any change I the body or its
Function which is perceptible to a
Trained observer and may indicate
Disease.”
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103. Diagnosis In Oral Surgery
Singn:- Definition
•General examination
•Local examination
• Extra oral
• Intra oral
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104. Diagnosis In Oral Surgery
Examination:- Extra Oral
•T.M. Joints
•Maxillary sinuses
•Lymph nodes
•Lips
•Lesion
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105. Diagnosis In Oral Surgery
Examination:- Extra Oral
Soft tissues
Hard tissues
Occlusion
Special pathology
(lession of interest)
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106. Diagnosis In Oral Surgery
Investigation:- General
Temperature
Pulse & B.P
Urine analysis
Haemogram
Tests for haemorrhage
Blood chemistry
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107. Diagnosis In Oral Surgery
Investigation:-Dental
X-Rays
Percussion
Vitality tests
Aspiration
Bacteriology
Biopsy
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110. Antibiotics
Site of Action:-Cell Wall
Prevention of cross linkage of peptide
strands
e.g. Penicillins
Cephalosporins
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111. Antibiotics
Site of Action
Selective permeability of the
Membrance is affected
e.g. Polymyxins
Nystatin
Amphotericin-B
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112. Antibiotics
Site of Action:-Protein Synthesis
Block of amino acid transfer
Tetracyclins
Block of transpeptidation
Chloremphenicol
Interference with MRNA function
Aminoglycosides
Block of traslocation
Macrolids
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113. Antibiotics
Site of Action:- Nucleic Acid Metabolism
Interference in the production of DNA
Or RNA
e.g. Sulphonamides
Trimethoprim
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121. Supression At Higher Sites In CNS
Use of Oploids
Morphine
Pethidine
Codeine
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122. Strategies For Pain Control
Pre operative Administration
Of Nsaids
There is sufficient scientific evidence
Suggesting delay and low pain levels after
Preoperative administration of nsaids
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124. Scientific Foundations of Minor Oral Surgery
Influence of socket closure on post
operative pain and swelling
Complete closure of third molar socket lead to
increased post
Operative pain and swelling experience compared
with maintaining
The socket partially open with a dressing
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126. Strategies For Pain Control
Use of Oplods
Codeine 60 mgs.
Oxycodone 5 to 10 mgs.
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127. Seientific Foundations of Minor oral Surgery
Anxiety
Measures To Overcome
Information
Procedural
Sensation
Modeling
Distraction
Relaxation
Hypnosis
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128. Scientific Foundations of Minor oral Surgery
Preoperative Visits To Reduce Patient Anxiety
A Study to evaluate the effect of
Preoperative visits by health
Professionals showed a significant
Decrease in anxiety during the post
Operative period A Positive relationship
Between preoperative anxiety levels and
The level of pain was found.
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129. Scientific Foundations of Minor oral Surgery
Post Operative Pain Management In Childern
A study conducted to assess the efficacy
Of pre-operative administration of
Acetaminophen indicated a high prevalence
Of post operative pain irrespective of the
Procedure used and there was a trend
Toward reduced pain in acetaminophen pre
Treatment group.
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130. Reduction of Post Operative Pain
“ irrigation of third molar socket
With Bupivacaine 0.75% produced
Significant reduction in pain on the
First post operative day”
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131. Reduction of alveolar osteitis
incidence
“ a prospective double blind placebo
Controlled study to determine the effect
Preoperative 0.1% chlorhexidine gluconate
Rinse showed 60% reduction in the
Incidence of alveolar osteitis”
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132. Scientific Foundations of Minor oral Surgery
Post Operative Pain In Oral Surgery
Aspirin, Mefenamic Acid and
Their Combination
A double-bind randomized single
Dose study of the effects of 650 mgs
Aspirin, 250 mgs mefenamic acid, the
Combination of the both in same dosage
Indicated relief from pain in each group
Compared to the placebo and the combination
Appeared more effective than both drugs alone.
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133. Do All Intraoral Incission require
Suturing
With proper understanding of surgical
Principal and appropriate modification
The indication for suturing and post
Operative inconvenience to the patient
Can be reduced
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134. Scientific Foundations of Minor oral Surgery
The value of bupivavaine and
Presurgical treatment with
Nsaids and steroids in the
Management of postoperative
Complication
Dr. Neelima
Prof.C.B.Roa
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135. Scientific Foundations of Minor oral Surgery
Post Operative Pain
The study indicated that the group which had
Third molars removed with bupivacaine as the
L.A. agent and pretreatment administration
Of lbuprofen 400 mg and 8 mgs of dexamethasone
Have experienced less and delayed pain.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
138. Is antibiotic Prophylaxis Necessary
“ A clinical double blind placebo study to
Test the value of prophylactic use of
Phenoxy methyl penicillin and tinidazole
Indicated that neither of them have more
Effect on post op complications than placebo”
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139. Antibiotic Prophylaxis
Who needs it ?
-In minor oral surgery – unnecessary
-In evidence that it is necessary in
Surgical removal of third molars
Rood (1970) reported that the use of prophylaxis
confers no advantages even when surgically
removing
Third molar in the presence of acute pericoronitis or
Acute ulcerative gingivitis
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140. Scientific Foundations of Minor oral Surgery
Antibiotics-Prophylactic Use
“ A Clinical trail with prophylactic use of
Phenoxymethy1 Penicillin and tinidazole
In mandibular third molar surgery had no
Effect on the reduction of post operative
Complications”
www.indiandentalacademy.com
141. Scientific Foundations of Minor oral Surgery
Who Needs It ?
1. Patients with impaired host defense
2. Patients undergoing surgical procedure where
The risk of infection is small but
Consequences are very serious e.g.. Infective
Endocarditis.
3. Patients undergoing surgical procedures which
Have a high rate of infections (normal host
defense mechanisms), But the nature of surgery
vulnerable to infection.
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142. Scientific Foundations of Minor oral Surgery
Antibiotic Prophylaxis
Has Timing Any Influence
Administration of antibiotic immediately
Prior to surgical incision incision should be
Effective prophylaxis for surgical wound
Infections.
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143. Scientific Foundations of Minor oral Surgery
Antibiotic Prophylaxis
What should Be The Duration of
Administration ?
A study conducted using three different
Antibiotic regimens suggested that a
Single done of preoperative antibiotic is
Sufficent for prophylaxis when surgery
Is completed with in 3 hours. Antibiotic
Converage should extend for operation
Of longer duration no value of antibiotic
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After the operation.
148. T.M.Joint MPDS
Locking Joint
•Increased muscle load
•Alteration in the articular surface
•Interference with free sliding of
Upper joint comoartment
•Disc fails to slide forwaed, remains
stuck
•Locking of the jaw
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149. T.M. Joint MPDS
Clicking Joint
•Muscular overloading of joint
•Frictional hesitation of movements of disc
•Disc sticks in early opening
•On further opening suddenly
Recommences its forward movement
Resulting in click
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152. T.M.Joint MPDS
Evidence In Support Of Theory
Higher level of steroids &
Catecholamines
Reaction to stress by somatization &
repression
Electromyography
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159. Haemorrhage
Classification :- Depending on vessel
Arterial
Bright red, spurting as a jet
Venous
Dark red, steady flow
Capillary
Bright red ooze
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161. Haemorrhage
Classification :- Time of occurence
Primary
At the time of injury
Reactionary
Within 24 hours
Secondary
After 7 to 14 days
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163. Shock
Definition
“ Inadequate blood flow to vital
Organs or failure of the cells of vital
Organs to utilise oxygen”
Shift from aerobic to anaerobic
Metabolism by the cells
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170. Medical Emergencies
Epileptic Seizure:- Recognition
Generalized convulsions
Loss of consciousness
Urinary & fecal incontinence
Injuries
Jerky www.indiandentalacademy.com
respiration
171. Scientific Foundations of Minor oral Surgery
General Practitioner – Guide lines
Steroids could be used in the management
Of post operative pain and swelling
Antibiotics to be employed only with
Specific indications
Strict adherence to basic surgical principles is
mandatery for successful outcome.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
172. Conclusions
General practitioners should undertake minor
Surgical procedures based on certain
determinants
-Minimal & moderately difficult third molars
-May be removed after accurate assesment.
-Effective post operative pain control with availabl
- stratagies.
-Exercise caution with the used of sterolds in
-Post operative managament of pain and
-Swelling.
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175. Who Needs Prophylaxis ?
Three groups of patients :i. Patients with impaired host defence mechanisms
ii. Patients under going surgical procedures where
the risk Of infection is small but cosequences are
very serious.Eg. Infective endocarditis Patients with
orthopaedic joint prosthesis
iii. Patients under going surgical procedures
which have a High rate of infectious complications.
( Normal host defence mechanisms.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
But the nature of surgery vulnerable to infections)
176. Minor Oral Surgery
Basic Surgical Principles
- Asepsis
- Pain less surgery
- Access
- Control of Haemorrhage
- Wound Closure
- Post operative care
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178. Successful Management sepends on
Proper pre surgical planning
Careful diagnosis
Good surgical execution
Well managed post operative care
www.indiandentalacademy.com
179. Scientific foundation of minor oral surgery
Incidence of Infection After
Periodontal Surgery
A stady conducted to evaluate the incidence of
Clinical Infection after periodontal surgery with
and without antibiotic cover did not show any
difference between the two groups.
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181. Impacted tooth and I. Dent canal
Radiological signs
On the root
Appearance
Of canal
- darkening
- Deflected roots
- narrowing
- Dark & bifid root
- interruption of white lines
- Diversion of I.D canal
- Narrowing of I.D canal
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185. Prevention: Antibiotic Prophylaxis
Defn: Prevention of infection by the
administration of
Antibiotics.
Efficacy: several studies have shown that prophylactic
Antibiotics reduce the incidence of postoperative
woundinfection after Compound mandibular or maxillary fractures.
Timing: animal and clinical surveys have clearly established
That anyibiotics should be administered so that peak serum and tissue
Concentrations coincide with the operation or Induced bactermia.
Therefore: It is anachronistic to startantibiotics postoperatively
A delay of three hours after contamination
result in infection Rate essentially
Prolonged antibiotic administration beyond a day or more
is not Beneficial and may actually increase the resistant bacteria.
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186. Scientific foundation of minor oral surgery
Should a General Fractitioner
Do Surgery ?
If So To What Extent ?
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187. Scientific foundation of minor oral surgery
- Cystic Lessions
- Dento – Alveolar Fractures
- Odontogenic Infections
- Biopsy
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188. Radiological Signs Of Significance
Diversion of the canal
Darkening of the root
Interruption of white lines
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190. Scientific foundation of minor oral surgery
Commonly Performed Procedures
Removal of Buried Roots
Impacted Teeth
Preprosthetic surgery
Surgical Exposure of teeth
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192. Tooth Extraction
&
Bacteremia
Favouring Factors
- Inflammed dental disease
- More number of teeth
- Age of the patient
- More than 50 ml blood loss
- Operating time > 100 Mins
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193. Acute Dento Alveolar
Abcess Antibiotic
Strategy
Amoxycillin
And / Or
Metronidazole
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194. Pain is a perfect misery,
The worse all evils,
And excessive, overturns all
Patience,
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195. Pain is a perfect misery,
The worse all evils,
And excessive, overturns all
Patience,
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196. Trigeminal Neuralgia
Acute paroxysmal facial pain
Experienced in the areas supplied by
One or more branches of trigeminal
Nerve.
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197. Maxillary Sinus
Caldwell- Luc:- surgical procedure
Anaesthesia
Incision
Bony window
Removal of lining,root,cyst
etc
Haemostasis
Closure
Post operative care
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198. Maxillary Sinus
Caldwell – Luc Advantages
# Easy access
# Thin bone
# No vital structures
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199. Maxillary Sinus
Caldwell – Luc:- Indications
Chronic sinusitis
Root in the sinus
Cysts & tumours
Biopsy
Orbital floor fractures
Foreign bodies
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202. Maxillary Sinus
Oro Antral Fistula:- Management
Buccal advancement
Palatal rotation
Palatal island flap
Buccal pad of fat
Palatal flap anterior based
Tongue flap
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203. Maxillary Sinus
Oro Antral Fistula :- Clinical Features
Chronic:
Sinusitis
Change in voice
Nasty smell & taste
Mucosal polyps protrude out of
Opening.
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204. Maxillary Sinus
Oro Antral Fistula :- Cauese
-Extraction of maxillary posterior
Teeth
- Root displaced in to sinus
- Chronic osteomyelitis
- Malignancy
- Trauma
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205. Maxillary Sinus
Oro Antral Fistula :- Clinical Features
Acute :
Unilateral epistaxis
Escape of fluids through nose
Air escapes through opening
While blowing.
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206. Trigeminal Neuralgia
Clinical Features
More in females
Over the age of 45
Unilateral, rarely bilateral
More on right side
Second & third division involved
more
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207. Trigeminal Neuralgia
Etiology
Exact etiology unknown
Pathilogic change in the nerve
Angiospasm of gasserian ganglion
Allergic concept
Loss of myelin sheath
Vascular compression
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208. Trigeminal Neuralgia
Intra Cranial Surgery
Retrogasserian Neurectomy
Trigeminal tractotomy
Microvascular decompression
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209. Trigeminal Neuralgia
Clinical Features
Pain Characteristics
Intensity – severe, lancinating
Duration – Few seconds only
Area- Trigeminal didtribution
Initiated by – Touching trigger
Zones
Between attacks – free from pain
Does not cross midline
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215. Pain
Definition
“ An unpleasant sensory and emotional
Experience associated with actual or
Potential tissue damage or described in terms
Of such damage”
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217. Does Pericoronitis
Contribute to more
Post operative pain ?
‘ Patients with a history of
Paricoronitis experienced
Significantly higher pain scores
Through out seven day period’
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218. Scientific foundation of minor oral surgery
Influence of suturing on post
Operative pain and swelling
‘ A study comparing the influence of
Complete closure partial closure and
Dressing of lower third molar sockets
Showed more pain and swelling when the
Socket is closed completely in a significant
Number of patients.”
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219. Influence of socket
Closure on post operative
Pain & Swelling
“ Complete closure of third
Molar sockets leads to
Increased post operative pain
And swelling experience pain
And swelling experience
Compared with maintaining the
Sockets partlassy open with a
Dressing”
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220. Sex And Pain
Score Levels
Over a seven days investigation period of
Overall pain scores females reported
Significantly higher levels of pain than
Males
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221. Scientific foundation of minor oral surgery
Haslaser Any Effection
Post Operative Events ?
A study to evaluate local effects of soft laser
Therapy using a helium – neon laser application
For 2 min. following removal of third molars
Did not reveal any advantage over the control
Group.
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222. Scientific foundation of minor oral surgery
Has Homeopathy Any Effect On
Post Operative Pain ?
A double blind randomized placebo trial to
Estimate whether homeopathy has any effect
On post operative events following oral
Surgery did not show any significant difference.
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223. Efficiency of methods of removal
A comparison of morbidity following
Removal of impacted third molars
Using lingual split technique and
Surgical bur technique showed no
Difference in either efficieny or
Outcome between the two
methods.
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224. Influence of
Psychological Factors
On post operative pain
“ Psychiatric morbidity, neuroticism and
Anxiety were related to increased pain
Which tended to persist longer than
Normal”
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225. Acute post surgical Pain
Long Term Memory
There is a positive correlation
Between experienced and
Remembered intensities of
Postsurgical pain upto 3 years
After surgery
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226. Scientific foundation of minor oral surgery
Pain Mechanisms
Peripheral tissue injury
Transmission through the nerves
Perception within the brain
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232. Pain Transmission
Three Major Nociceptive Afferents
Type
Diameter Myelination
Conduction
Polymodal 0.3-3µm
Un
Myelinated
0,5-2m/s
A-delta
2-5µm
Thinly
Myelinated
5-30m/s
A-beta
6-22µm
Heavity
Myelinated
33-75m/s
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233. Scientific foundation of minor oral surgery
Target Areas For pain Control
Blockade of Prostaglandin
Synthesis
Intervening Peripheral Nerve
conduction
Suppression of higher sites in CNS
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237. Intervention At
Peripheral Nerve Level
Use of longer acting L.A agents
Duration
Short
Intermediate
Agents
Procaine
Lignocaine, Prilocaine
Prolonged- Amethocaine, Bupivacaine, Etidocaine
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238. Steroids In
Minor Oral Surgery
Use of peri operative corticosteroids
Appeared to be safe and rational method
Of reductiing postoperative complications
Following minor surgery
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239. Intervention At
Peripheral Nerve Level
Use of longer acting L.A agents
Duration
Short
Intermediate
Agents
Procaine
Lignocaine, Prilocaine
Prolonged- Amethocaine, Bupivacaine, Etidocaine
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240. Thank you
For more details please visit
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