Retention is an important phase of orthodontic treatment aimed at maintaining teeth in their corrected positions after appliances are removed. Without retention, teeth have a tendency to relapse back to their original positions. Various types of retainers can be used for retention, including removable retainers, fixed retainers, and clear aligners. Certain types of orthodontic tooth movements, such as expansion, require longer-term retention to prevent relapse. Proper retention protocols help ensure teeth remain stable long-term.

1. 142-Retention in Orthodontics
La contention en Orthodontie
Awatef SHAAR (BAU-LB), Orthodontist.
Mohamad ABOULNASER- Orthodontist, BAU, Connecticut, USA.
Oussama SANDID- Orthodontist, D.C.D., D.U.O, C.E.S.B.B, C.E.S.O.D.F ,
S.Q.O.D.F, Paris. France.
Contact: dr.aboualnaser@hotmail.com
www.orthofree.com

2. 1. Introduction
2. Definition
3. Why retention is necessary ?
4. Indications of Retention
5. Types of Retention
6. Conclusions
7. Bibliography
Retention in orthodontics
Oussama SANDID- Mohamad ABOUALNASER- AwatefSHAAR

3. Without a phase of retention, there is a tendency for teeth to return to their
initial position (relapse).
Toprevent relapse, almost every person who has orthodontic treatment will
require some type of retention.
Retention procedures for stabilizing tooth position after treatment with orthodontic braces
Introduction
Oussama SANDID- Mohamad ABOUALNASER- AwatefSHAAR

4. Retention is the phase of orthodontic treatment that attempts to keep
teeth in the corrected positions after orthodontic treatment.
Teeth are maintained in a healthy, functional, and esthetic position.
1-Retention in orthodontics- Definition
Oussama SANDID- Mohamad ABOUALNASER- AwatefSHAAR

5. 1. The gingival and periodontal tissues are affected by orthodontic tooth
movement and require time for reorganization when the appliances are
removed.
2. The teeth may be in an inherently unstable position after treatment,
so that soft tissue pressure constantly produces a relapse tendency.
3. Changes produced by growth may alter the orthodontic treatment result.
4. The pressure exerted by the erupting third molars is believed to cause
the late anterior crowding causing relapse.
2-Why retention is necessary?
Oussama SANDID- Mohamad ABOUALNASER- AwatefSHAAR

6. A- Crowding and Rotations
B- Midline Diastema
C- Generalized spacing
D- Expansion of lower arch
E-Anterior and posterior cross bite
F- Highly placed canine-Impaction
G-Anterior Open Bite
H-Deep bite class II div 2
I- Overjet proclination and spacing of maxillary incisor
J-Class III
K-Cleft palate cases
L- Extraction cases
3-Indications Of retention
Oussama SANDID- Mohamad ABOUALNASER- AwatefSHAAR

7. Retention of Antero-posterior Corrections:
- Retention of Class II Corrections
- Retention of Class III Corrections
3-Indications Of retention
J lemay-www.orthodontisteenligne.com
Oussama SANDID- Mohamad ABOUALNASER- AwatefSHAAR

8. Retention of Vertical Corrections:
-Retention after Deep Bite Corrections
-Retention after Anterior Open Bite Corrections
3-Indications Of retention
J lemay-www.orthodontisteenligne.com
Oussama SANDID- Mohamad ABOUALNASER- AwatefSHAAR

9. Retention of Arch Form and Arch Alignment
Effects of Extraction and Non extraction:
Treatment for Arch Stability
-intermolar width
-Intercanine width
-interpremolar width
-dental arch length
-dental arch form
-mandibular incisors
3-Indications Of retention
Oussama SANDID- Mohamad ABOUALNASER- AwatefSHAAR

10. One of the most unstable orthodontic procedure is expansion of maxillaryarch.
This is primarily due to the elastic rebound of the palatal mucosa which is themajor
cause of relapse after expansion.
For this reason it is indicated to have at least 1 year of retention following maxillary
expansion using removable palatal coverage appliance.
Palatal Expansion and Stability
J lemay-www.orthodontisteenligne.com
Oussama SANDID- Mohamad ABOUALNASER- AwatefSHAAR

11. Crowding and Rotations- Permanent retention
Lemay J:www.orthodontisteenligne.com, dentaly.org
A- Indications of Retention
Oussama SANDID- Mohamad ABOUALNASER- AwatefSHAAR

12. Midline diastema - Permanent retention
Lemay J:www.orthodontisteenligne.com
B- Indications of Retention
Oussama SANDID- Mohamad ABOUALNASER- AwatefSHAAR

13. Generalized spacing- Permanent retention
C- Indications of Retention
Oussama SANDID- Mohamad ABOUALNASER- AwatefSHAAR

14. Expansion of lower arch- Permanent retention
D-Indications of Retention
Oussama SANDID- Mohamad ABOUALNASER- AwatefSHAAR

15. Anterior and posterior cross bite
E-Indications of Retention
Oussama SANDID- Mohamad ABOUALNASER- AwatefSHAAR

16. Highly placed canine-Impaction
F- Indications of Retention
Oussama SANDID- Mohamad ABOUALNASER- AwatefSHAAR

17. Anterior Open Bite
G-Indications Open Bite
J lemay-www.orthodontisteenligne.com
Oussama SANDID- Mohamad ABOUALNASER- AwatefSHAAR

18. Deep bite class II div 2
H-Indications of Retention
J lemay-www.orthodontisteenligne.com
Oussama SANDID- Mohamad ABOUALNASER- AwatefSHAAR

19. Class II Overjet proclination and spacing of maxillary incisor
Carlos Henrique Guimares Indian Journal of Dental Research, Vol. 26, No. 3, May-June, 2015, pp. 315-319
I- Indications of Retention
Oussama SANDID- Mohamad ABOUALNASER- AwatefSHAAR

20. CLASS III
J-Indications of Retention
J lemay-www.orthodontisteenligne.com
Oussama SANDID- Mohamad ABOUALNASER- AwatefSHAAR

21. Cleft Palate
K-Indications of Retention
Oussama SANDID- Mohamad ABOUALNASER- AwatefSHAAR

22. Residual extraction spaces-extraction cases
https://www.rmortho.com/case-presentations/
L-Indications of Retention
Oussama SANDID- Mohamad ABOUALNASER- AwatefSHAAR

23. • Natural retention is present when there is balance between
forces acting on teeth from muscles and occlusion.
• Physiologic imbalance of local &/or extrinsic forces
- Occlusion
- Tongue musculature
- Musculature
- Abnormal Habits
leads to development of malocclusion.
Natural Retention
Oussama SANDID- Mohamad ABOUALNASER- AwatefSHAAR

24. Types of
retainers
Fixed
retainers
Removable
retainers
Clear
aligners
5-Types of Retainers
Oussama SANDID- Mohamad ABOUALNASER- AwatefSHAAR

25. Removable retainers- Fixed retainers- Invisible retainers
Types of Retainers
Oussama SANDID- Mohamad ABOUALNASER- AwatefSHAAR

26. Removable retainers
These appliances can be removed by the patient and reinserted at his ownwill.
The main drawback of removable retainer is that the patient may not wearthe
retainer leading to relapse again.
Oussama SANDID- Mohamad ABOUALNASER- AwatefSHAAR

27. Fixed Retainers
Grayslake Orthodontics, 160 Commerce Dr., Suite 101, Grayslake, IL 60030 (847)548-4330
They are considered the best way to prevent undesirable movement of the teeth,
especially the lower front teeth and also for holding severe corrections such as
rotations.
The retainers consist of a braided stainless steel wire that connects to the back
surfaces of the front teeth, usually behind the 4 teeth on top and behind the 6teeth
on the bottom. Composite resin (dental restorative material) is used to adhere the
appliance to the teeth
Oussama SANDID- Mohamad ABOUALNASER- AwatefSHAAR

28. “loss of any correction achieved by any orthodontic treatment” ‐ RELAPSE
There are ten theories written by Moyers:
1Teeth that have been moved tend to return to their former position.
2Eliminating of the cause of malocclusion will prevent relapse.
3-Malocclusion should be over corrected as a safety factor.
4Proper occlusion is a potent factor in holding teeth in their corrected
positions.
5 Bone and adjacent tissues must be allowed time to reorganize around
newly positioned teeth. Duration orthodontic treatment
6If the lower incisors are placed upright over basal bone they are more
likely to remain in good alignment.
7Corrections carried out during periods of growth are less likely to
relapse.
8The farther the teeth have been moved the lesser is the risk of relapse.
9Arch form, particularly in the mandibular arch cannot be permanently
altered by appliance therapy.
10 Many treated malocclusions require permanent retaining devices.
Conclusions
Oussama SANDID- Mohamad ABOUALNASER- AwatefSHAAR

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Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics 1988; 93:380-387.
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Oussama SANDID- Mohamad ABOUALNASER- AwatefSHAAR

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Oussama SANDID- Mohamad ABOUALNASER- AwatefSHAAR