This document discusses cyber physical systems (CPS), including key applications like healthcare, transportation, and infrastructure. It proposes an architecture for CPS with modules for sensing, data management, next generation internet connectivity, service awareness, application functions, and actuation. It also discusses security and privacy challenges for CPS given their integration of physical and computational systems. Open research challenges are presented in areas like QoS-aware communication protocols, resource management, power management, simulation tools, and testbed implementations.

1. S Y E D H A S S A N A H M E D , G W A N G H Y U N K I M A N D
D O N G K Y U N K I M .
h a s s a n @ m o n e t . k n u . a c . k r
M O N E T W I R E L E S S L A B O R A T O R Y
K Y U N G P O O K N A T I O N A L U N I V E R S I T Y
S O U T H K O R E A .
Cyber Physical System:
Architecture, Applications
and Research Challenges

2. Contents
 Key Trends in Systems.
 CPS Applications.
 Proposed Architecture.
 Dynamic Communications.
 CPS Integration.
 Open Research Challenges.
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Source: www.cs.binghamton.edu

3. Key Trends in Systems
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 System complexity
 Increasing functionality
 Increasing integration and networking interoperability
 Growing importance and reliance on software
 Increasing number of non-functional constraints
 Nature of tomorrow’s systems
 Dynamic, ever-changing, dependable, high-confidence
 Self-*(aware, adapting, repairing, sustaining)
Cyber-Physical Systems
 Everywhere, used by everyone, for everything
 Expectations: 24/7 availability, 100% reliability, 100% connectivity,
instantaneous response, remember everything forever, ...
 Classes: young to old, able and disabled, rich and poor, literate and
illiterate, ...
 Numbers: individuals, special groups, social networks, cultures,
populations, ...

4. CPS Applications
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 Healthcare
 Medical devices
 Health management networks
 Transportation
 Automotive electronics
 Vehicular networks and smart highways
 Aviation and airspace management
 Avionics
 Railroad systems
 Process control
 Large-scale Infrastructure
 Physical infrastructure monitoring and control
 Electricity generation and distribution
 Building and environmental controls
 Defense systems
 Tele-physical operations
 Telemedicine
 Tele-manipulation

5. Architecture Contents
 Sensing Module:
 Data collection from physical world through sensors.
 Data Management Module(DMM):
 Consists of the computational devices and storage media.
 Next Generation Internet:
 Enabling applications to select the path, or paths that their packets take
between the source and destination.
 Service Aware Modules (SAM):
 Sensed data is being recognized and sent to the services available.
 Application Module (AM):
 Services are deployed and interact with NGI.
 Info is saved on database for QoS support. [NoSQL]
 Sensors and Actuators:
 Actuator receives the commands from the Application Module, and
executes.
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6. Security Assurance
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How can we provide people and society
with cyber-physical systems that they
can trust their lives on?
Trustworthy:
Reliable, Secure, Privacy-
preserving, Usable, etc.

7. Security for CPS
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 Safety, Security and Privacy
 Primary aim of all CPS design
 Ensure no harm comes to the underlying physical process
 Ensuring security/privacy crucial for safety
 CPS are deployed in missions critical settings
 Collect sensitive data and can actuate changes in the physical
process
 Composing individually secure systems into a composed system
might not be good enough
 Computation and Energy limitations .
 Utilizing properties from underlying physical process might be
a way to proceed

8. Proposed Architecture
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9. Dynamic Communications
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NGI
DMM Service Aware Module
Application Module
S1
S1
S1
S1A1 S1A1
AM
S1A1
SAM
S1
S1A1
1st Time, S1
Similar Data
Physical
Devices
Actuators.
IoT
WSN
Wired
M2M

10. CPS Integration
 Vehicular Scenario:
 Service aware modules make communication and control efficient by
providing the best application in different services to a single car.
 Agriculture Scenario:
 Greenhouse: After receiving a configuration of greenhouse by
consumer, here our feedback awareness makes network efficient to
control different services like watering, humidity, plant health
monitoring etc. with real time control.
 Health Scenario:
 Hospital: Real time monitoring and control can be achieved by Data
Management Module and Service awareness module which also
plays an important role in order to provide QoS monitoring. While
designing a system for hospital, sensitive applications are queued on
the top priority.
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11. Open Challenges & Future Work…
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 QoS-Aware Communication Protocols:
 Identification of application requirement of each type of traffic.
 Efficiency.
 Resource Management:
 Huge amount of dynamic data.
 Auto Management Techniques are required.
 QoS-Aware Power Management:
 In CPS, dynamic computing demands much CPU energy. Minimization can be
proposed by exploiting dynamic voltage technology.
 Simulation Tools:
 Simulation models dealing with dynamic communications.
 Future Work:
 Implementing Proposed Architecture in Simulated/Test-bed Environments.
 Smart/Unifying Routing Schemes are required for Real Time sensing/actuating
devices.

12. Q/A Session…
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MoNeT Wireless Lab,
Kyungpook National University,
South Korea.
http://monet.knu.ac.kr
THANK YOU