This document discusses routing perspectives in vehicular delay tolerant networks (VDTNs). It proposes a hybrid naming scheme that uniquely identifies and aggregates content to help with routing. The scheme uses a hierarchical name structure with location and vehicle identifiers. It also describes a name lookup solution called NLAPB that uses an adaptive prefix bloom filter to process name lookups and updates efficiently. The document concludes that the proposed naming scheme supports content aggregation and routing in a vehicular information centric network.

1. KYUNGPOOK
NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, Daegu, Korea.
MoNet Laboratory
www.monet.knu.ac.kr
Vehicular Delay Tolerant Network (VDTN):
Routing Perspectives
SYED HASSAN AHMED, HYUNWOO KANG AND DONGKYUN KIM
3/9/2015 1

2. KYUNGPOOK
NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, Daegu, Korea.
MoNet Laboratory
www.monet.knu.ac.kr
Agenda
• Introduction
• DTN in VANETs (VDTN)
• Routing schemes for VDTN
• Research Roadmap
• Results
• Conclusion
3/9/2015 2

3. KYUNGPOOK
NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, Daegu, Korea.
MoNet Laboratory
www.monet.knu.ac.kr
Introduction
Today’s Networking:
◦ Device Centric
◦ Communicate by addressing the device.
◦ >90% of traffic is accessing different kind of data.
◦ Inefficient for Content/data dissemination.
◦ Multicast ~ at huge cost of Network resources.
◦ Addressing ~ Inefficient : DNS, IPv6, etc. to
identify devices.
◦ Service Discovery ~ Many protocols, with no
standard.
◦ Mobility? ~ Achievable but not inherent in today’s networks.
◦ Security? ~ Connection: IPSec, VPN, SSL, but not Content ….
Result --> spam.
3/9/2015 3

4. KYUNGPOOK
NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, Daegu, Korea.
MoNet Laboratory
www.monet.knu.ac.kr
Introduction
The Mobile Network Through 2018
Mobile data traffic will reach the following milestones within the next
five years.
• Monthly global mobile data traffic will surpass 15 EB by 2018.
• The number of mobile-connected devices will exceed the
world’s population by 2014.
• The average mobile connection speed will surpass 2 Mbps by
2016.
• Due to increased usage on smartphones, smartphones will
reach 66 percent of mobile data traffic by 2018.
• Monthly mobile tablet traffic will surpass 2.5 exabyte per month
by 2018.
• 4G traffic will be more than half of the total mobile traffic by
2018.
TB = Terabyte (1000 GB)
PB = Petabyte (1000 TB)
EB = Exabyte (1000 PB)
Source: Cisco Visual Networking Index: Global Mobile Data Traffic Forecast Update, 2013–2018
Communication of huge amount of DATA/CONTENTS with addressed devices.
Information Centric Networking
3/9/2015 4

5. KYUNGPOOK
NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, Daegu, Korea.
MoNet Laboratory
www.monet.knu.ac.kr
Introduction
Information Centric Networking (ICN)
ICN represents the third revolution in telecommunication networks….
Van Jacobson
◦ Information / Contents / Data are at the center of networking not
nodes/machines.
◦ Name DATA not Location.
◦ Request DATA in Network (Not data provider/host)
◦ Any node with the DATA (or copy in its Cache), Responds the
Request. (Authenticate Data not connection).
◦ Less delay, More Security, DNS….
◦ Pull based consumer driven communication:
◦ Broadcast Interest Packet ~ Wait for Data Packet
3/9/2015 5

6. KYUNGPOOK
NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, Daegu, Korea.
MoNet Laboratory
www.monet.knu.ac.kr
Introduction
 Routing Table
The concept of an ICN does
not force applications to take
on host-centric information.
Instead, it detaches the
application from such
concerns.
Gareth Tyson et al.
Where’s in the name?
3/9/2015 6

7. KYUNGPOOK
NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, Daegu, Korea.
MoNet Laboratory
www.monet.knu.ac.kr
Vehicular Network
• Highly dynamic topology.
• Unpredictable link lifetime.
• Safety and Non-Safety applications.
• Large data requirements.
• Delay constraints, etc.
• With/Without infrastructure
support.
• Data ranges from short messages to
Large video contents
V2V
Communication
V2I
Communication
3/9/2015 7

8. KYUNGPOOK
NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, Daegu, Korea.
MoNet Laboratory
www.monet.knu.ac.kr
Vehicular Information Centric Network
V2V
Communication
V2I
Communication
Name Prefixes
Out.
Faces
FIB
Names
In.
Faces
PIT
CS
Available at
each VANET
node.
How to name each content
in Vehicular Network?
• Maintaining Names (specially in PIT) and FIB.
• Data Structure with minimum space….
• Fast addition and deletion of names ….
• Searching Names from PIT and FIB.
• Speed and accuracy.
• Forwarding based on the search result.
3/9/2015 8

9. KYUNGPOOK
NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, Daegu, Korea.
MoNet Laboratory
www.monet.knu.ac.kr
Naming in General
Identifiers (names or locators) used to identify resources.
Flat:
ni:///sha-256;UyaQV-Ev4rdLoHyJJWCi11OHfrYv9E1aGQAlMO2X_-Q
128-bit hash: 0x265357902fe1b7e2a04b897c6025d7a2
32-bit truncated hash: 0x26535790
ni:///sha-256-32;f4OxZQ?ct=text/plain (with query string)
Hierarchical:
ni://www.bupt.edu.cn/content/a.avi
Attribute-Based:
category, format, date, feature, level and so on.
Hybrid:
hn://monet.knu.ac.kr/pic/jpg;ah4asnfqur2r4st;jpg:800*400:logo
Every Scheme has its pros and cons.
3/9/2015 9

10. KYUNGPOOK
NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, Daegu, Korea.
MoNet Laboratory
www.monet.knu.ac.kr
Naming Schemes for VICN
• Forwarding Strategies
• Segmentation and Reassembly
• Architectures
[1] … it could be /maps/LA/downtown in the case of digital map of a place
/traffic/pics/highway/Route51 in the case of digital map of a place.
[2][3] /traffic/geolocation/timestamp/data type/nonce
“AppID” “RoadID/direction/Sec #” “UNIX” “Meaning of Data” “Large Rnd No.”
“Close lane/veh. Spd.” “distinguish same data generated
by two publishers/vehicles”
[4] /ndn/ucla/parking/ . . . /c1/c2/ . . . /cn where ci = (xi,yi)
[1] Marica Amadeo, Claudia Campolo, Antonella Molinaro, Enhancing content-centric networking for vehicular environments, Computer Networks, Volume 57, Issue 16, 13 November 2013, Pages
3222-3234
[2] Wang, L.; Wakikawa, R.; Kuntz, R.; Vuyyuru, R.; Lixia Zhang, "Data naming in Vehicle-to-Vehicle communications," IEEE Conference on Computer Communications Workshops (INFOCOM
WKSHPS), 2012, pp.328,333, 25-30 March 2012
[3] Ryuji Wakikawa et al.,” NDN Applicability to V2V and V2R Networks,” in Proc. CCNxCon2012, September 2012
[4] Pesavento, D.; Grassi, G.; Palazzi, C.E.; Pau, G., "A naming scheme to represent geographic areas in NDN," IFIP Wireless Days (WD), 2013, pp.1,3, 13-15 Nov. 2013
3/9/2015 10

11. KYUNGPOOK
NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, Daegu, Korea.
MoNet Laboratory
www.monet.knu.ac.kr
Proposed Naming Scheme
Hybrid naming scheme that uniquely identifies, aggregates and helps in routing the contents.
3/9/2015 11

12. KYUNGPOOK
NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, Daegu, Korea.
MoNet Laboratory
www.monet.knu.ac.kr
Extension….
Root
Name Prefixes
Compact Trie Structure
Lookup Process
US/CA/FU
CHRIS/CA64193/VIDEO/MJ2/……
SETH/CA74305/IMAGE/……
SAL/CA62539/AUDIO/VND.DTS/……
BRENT/CA91818/IMAGE/G3FAX/……
VICN://US/CA/FU/BRENT/CA91818/IMAGE/G3FAX/……
VICN://US/CA/FU/SAL/CA62539/AUDIO/VND.DTS/……
VICN://US/CA/FU/SETH/CA74305/IMAGE/……
VICN://US/CA/FU/CHRIS/CA64193/VIDEO/MJ2/……
Name Lookup Solution with Adaptive Prefix Bloom filter (NLAPB).
Processing time to Add 100 prefixes in prefix table
Processing time per prefix delete from prefix table
3/9/2015 12

13. KYUNGPOOK
NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, Daegu, Korea.
MoNet Laboratory
www.monet.knu.ac.kr
Conclusion
We proposed a naming scheme for VICN that uniquely identifies the
digital contents generated by the vehicles. The content aggregation
and routing can easily be performed based on this scheme.
3/9/2015 13

14. 3/9/2015 14
KYUNGPOOK
NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, Daegu, Korea.
MoNet Laboratory
www.monet.knu.ac.kr
Thanks

15. KYUNGPOOK
NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, Daegu, Korea.
MoNet Laboratory
www.monet.knu.ac.kr
What Next….
VANET/V2X
Which ICN architecture?
Naming?
Requester Mobility: OK
Provider Mobility: ?
Role of RSUs?
Role of Backoffice Network?
Routing?
Caching Policy?
Security?
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